• Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.15-26
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• 2017

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasing worldwide. Patients with T2D suffer from various diabetes-related complications. Since there are many patients with T2D that cannot be controlled by previously developed drugs, it has been necessary to develop new drugs, one of which is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) based therapy. GLP-1 has been shown to ameliorate diabetes-related conditions by augmenting pancreatic ${\beta}-cell$ insulin secretion and having the low risk of causing hypoglycemia. Because of a very short half-life of GLP-1, many researches have been focused on the development of GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists with long half-lives such as exenatide and dulaglutide. Now GLP-1R agonists have a variety of dosing-cycle forms to meet the needs of various patients. In this article, we review the physiological features of GLP-1, the effects of GLP-1 on T2D, the features of several GLP-1R agonists, and the therapeutic effect on T2D.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.615-618
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• 2016

Ethyl acetate extracts obtained from culture of endophytic fungi Aspergillus sp isolated from Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav, have been shown to possess cytotoxic activity against T47D breast cancer cells. Investigations were here conducted to determine bioactive compounds responsible for the activity. Bioassay guided fractionation was employed to obtain active compounds. Structure elucidation was performed based on analysis of LC-MS, $^1H$-NMR, $^{13}C$-NMR, COSY, DEPT, HMQC, HMBC data. Cytotoxity assays were conducted in 96 well plates against T47D and Vero cell lines. Bioassay guided isolation and chemical investigation led to the isolation of pyrophen, a 4-methoxy-6-(1'-acetamido-2'-phenylethyl)-2H-pyran-2-one. Further analysis of its activity against T47D and Vero cells showed an ability to inhibit the growth of T47D cells with IC50 values of $9.2{\mu}g/mL$ but less cytotoxicity to Vero cells with an $IC_{50}$ of $109{\mu}g/mL$. This compound at a concentration of 400 ng/mL induced S-phase arrest in T47D cells.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.1138-1144
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• 2013

Cross-correlation functions of maximal period sequences have been studied for decades. In this paper, we find the cross-correlation values of non-linear sequences $S_a^r(t)=Tr_1^m\{[Tr_m^n(a{\alpha}^t+{\alpha}^{dt})]^r\}$ having the maximal period $2^n-1$ for Niho type decimation $d=2^{m-2}(2^m+3)$, where n=2m. In particular, we call d Niho type decimation in case $d{\equiv}1(mod\;2^m-1)$. And we analyze the cross-correlation distributions of $S_a^r(t)$ when the phase shift ${\tau}=(2^m+1)k(0{\leq}k{\leq}2^m-2)$ and provide experiment results.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.235-240
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• 1999

Simple and rapid screening methods were developed to screen mutant strains of Trigonopsis variabilis ATCC10679 (TW). D-amino acid oxidase (D-AAO) from a mutant strain, T26, showed about 30% higher specific activity against cephalosporin C than from its wild type, TW. D-AAO genes from both TW and T26 strains were cloned and sequenced. There was one nucleotide changed from T to C at 811 position, resulting in an amino acid codon changed from Phe-258 to Ser-258.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.925-932
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• 2001

The influence of ultraviolet(UV)-ray in sun light on human skin has been noted. Textiles can provide protection against harmful UV-radiation. Normally UV-absorbing finishes are used to get better protection. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the UV-cut properties of cotton fabrics treated with UV-absorber. 2,2-dihydroxy-4,4-dimethoxbenzophenone, as UV-absorber was applied to 100% cotton fabric. Reagents added in finishing solution were Triton X-100, polyethylene glycol 400, and $MgCl_2{\cdot}6H_2O$, and C.I. Direct Red 81. Both untreated and treated cotton fabrics were exposed to a xenon arc lamp for 20 and 80 hours. UV absorption spectra of finishing solutions and UV transmission spectra of fabrics were measured by the UV/VIS spectrophotometer. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. Absorption and the related transmission spectra were modified in a controlled way with UV-absorber. Absorption effect of UV-absorber was improved by adding Triton X-100, PEG 400, and $MgCl_2{\cdot}6H_2O$ in finishing solution. The UV absorption of finishing solution was in the following order: U/D/T/P/M>D/T/P/M> D/T> D/P, D>U/T/P/M>U/T>T/P/M>T. The UV transmittance of cotton fabrics was remarkably decreased by the application of UV-absorber and additives. The UV-cut properties were most improved by the application of U/D/T/P/M.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.125-140
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• 2006

Let $g(n,\;l_1,\;l_2,\;d,\;t,\;q)$ be the number of general4-regular graphs on n labelled vertices with $l_1+2l_2$ loops, d double edges, t triple edges and q quartet edges. We use inclusion and exclusion with five types of properties to determine the asymptotic behavior of $g(n,\;l_1,\;l_2,\;d,\;t,\;q)$ and hence that of g(2n), the total number of general 4-regular graphs where $l_1,\;l_2,\;d,\;t\;and\;q\;=\;o(\sqrt{n})$, respectively. We show that almost all general 4-regular graphs are 2-connected. Moreover, we determine the asymptotic numbers of general 4-regular graphs with given connectivities.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.181-189
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• 1984

1,840 school children aged 6 to 13 years who live in inland area in CHOONG CHUNG BUK DO were surveyed epidemiologically on the dental caries prevalence. The results were as follows; 1. The prevalence of dental carries was 76.35 percentage in male, 76.15 percentage in female, and 76.25 percentage in both sexes. 2. d.m.f rate was 77.72 percentage in male, 80.07 percentage in female, and 78.86 percentage in both sexes. D.M.F rate was 30.73 percentage in male, 38.52 percentage in female, and 34.51 percentage in both sexes. 3. d.m.f.t. rate and index was 27.94 percentage,2.55T, and d.m.f.s. rate & index was 13.62 percentage, 6.22T. 4. D.M.F.T rate & index in permanent teeth was 4.86 percentage,0.72T, and D.M.F.S. rate & index was 1.20 percentage,0.89T. 5. The filling rate was 3.90 percentage in decidious teeth, 2,00 percentage in permanent teeth.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.1355-1370
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• 2019

A curve $X{\subset}\mathbb{P}^r$ has maximal rank if for each $t{\in}\mathbb{N}$ the restriction map $H^0(\mathcal{O}_{\mathbb{P}r}(t)){\rightarrow}H^0(\mathcal{O}_X(t))$ is either injective or surjective. We show that for all integers $d{\geq}r+1$ there are maximal rank, but not arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay, smooth curves $X{\subset}\mathbb{P}^r$ with degree d and genus roughly $d^2/2r$, contrary to the case r = 3, where it was proved that their genus growths at most like $d^{3/2}$ (A. Dolcetti). Nevertheless there is a sector of large genera g, roughly between $d^2/(2r+2)$ and $d^2/2r$, where we prove the existence of smooth curves (even aCM ones) with degree d and genus g, but the only integral and non-degenerate maximal rank curves with degree d and arithmetic genus g are the aCM ones. For some (d, g, r) with high g we prove the existence of reducible non-degenerate maximal rank and non aCM curves $X{\subset}\mathbb{P}^r$ with degree d and arithmetic genus g, while (d, g, r) is not realized by non-degenerate maximal rank and non aCM integral curves.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.7-15
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• 1975

5주령시 병아리에 대하여 볶은 콩을 이용한 고열량 사료 1030Cal구 ($T_2$ 구)를 만들고 이를 830Cal의 관용사료구(C구)와 5주간 비교시험 한 결과 다음과 같은 성적을 얻었다. 1) 증체량에 있어서 $T_1$, $T_2$구는 C구에 비하여 증체량이 높으며 5%수준의 유의차가 있었다. 한편 L.S.D.-Test에 의하면 $T_1$과 C구 사이에만 5%의 유의차를 보였다. 2) 사료섭취량에 있어서는 $T_2$, $T_1$, C구의 순으로 사료를 절약할 수 있는데 L.S.D.-Test에 의하면 $T_2$구와 C구간에 1%의 유의차가 있으며 약 9%의 사료가 절약되었고 $T_1$구와 C구간에는 5%의 유의성이 있고 약 3%의 사료가 절약되었다. 3) 경제성에 있어서 추일수당 사료비는 $T_1$, $T_2$구 모두 C구보다 고가의 경향이 있어 볶은 콩의 실용가치를 감소시킨다. 그러나 육계 판매가격에 있어서 $T_1$구는 24.85원의 이익으로 C구 26.43원보다 하회하는 결과를 보인다. (중략)

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.182-192
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• 2015

In this paper, we introduce how to change the reaction rate as mol concentration when we scan enhanced MRI with GBCA(Gadolinium Based Contrast Agent), Also show the changing patterns depending on diverse MRI sequences which are made by different physical principle. For this study, we made MRI phantom ourselves. We mixed 500 mmol Gadoteridol with Saline in each 28 different containers from 500 to 0 mmol. After that, MR phantom was scanned by physically different MRI sequences which are T1 SE, T2 FLAIR, T1 FLAIR, 3D FLASH, T1 3D SPACE and 3D SPCIR in 1.5T bore. The results were as follows : *T1 Spin echo's Total SI(Signal Intensity) was 15608.7, Max peak was 1352.6 in 1 mmol. *T2 FLAIR's Total SI was 9106.4, Max peak was 0.4 1721.6 in 1 mmol. *T1 FLAIR's Total SI was 20972.5, Max peak was 1604.9 in 1 mmol. *3D FLASH's Total SI was 20924.0, Max peak was 1425.7 in 40 mmol. *3D SPACE 1mm's Total SI was 6399.0, Max peak was 528.3 in 3 mmol. *3D SPACE 5mm's Total SI was 6276.5, Max peak was 514.6 in 2 mmol. *3D SPCIR's Total SI was 1778.8, Max peak was 383.8 in 0.4 mmol. In most sequences, High signal intensity was shown in diluted lower concentration rather than high concentration, And also graph's max peak and pattern had difference value according to the each different sequence. Through this paper which have quantitative result of GBCA's reaction rate depending on sequence, We expect that practical enhanced MR protocol can be performed in clinical field.