• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.456-465
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the relationships among self-efficacy, family support, and self-care performance of gastric cancer surgery patients. The study was conducted from 11 October to 15 November 2013. Data were collected by self-report questionnaires from 121 patients who were diagnosed with stomach cancer and had undergone surgery at D university hospital in B city and were in follow-up care for 3 months to 5 years after surgery. Data were analyzed using SPSS/PC WIN 18.0 to obtain the percentage, average, mean rating, and standard deviation. In addition, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's test, Pearson's correlation and stepwise multiple regression were conducted. The degree of self-care performance in research targets showed significant differences by sex (t=-2.25, ｐ=0.027), religion (F=3.67, ｐ=0.028) and profession (F=4.17, ｐ=0.008). Self-care performance was positively correlated (r=0.60, ｐ<0.001) with the degree of specific self-efficacy. There was a significant difference in self-care performance by specific self-efficacy, religion and gender. The total explanatory power was 37.9% and the explanatory power of the degree of specific self-efficacy (${\beta}=0.53$) was greater than that of other factors. Therefore, it is necessary to provide interventions that improve specific self-efficacy to help patients with gastric cancer patients conduct self-care performance, and practical measures should be made with respect to religion and gender.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.202-207
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• 2004

This study was performed to investigate the inhibitory effect of the water-extract from fermented compositions containing Inonotus obliquus with added Houttuynia cordata on the growth of either human AGS gastric and HCT-15 colon cancer cells or NIH3T3 normal mouse fibroblast cells. Cytotoxic activity on cancer cells was investigated by viable cell count, MTT assay and morphological observation. Mixtures of Inonotus obliquus with added Houttuynia cordata were fermented at $30{\sim}37^{\circ}C$, $50{\sim}60%$ humidity for 30 days, extracted with water, freeze dried, powered, and then dissolved in water for the experiment. In MTT assay, the fermented compositions exhibited inhibitory effects of 13, 25, 40, 67 and 78% for AGS and 22, 40, 50, 69 and 76% for HCT-15 at 0.16, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6 and 4.0 mg/ml, respectively. However, normal NIH3T3 cells were exhibited 86% survival under the same experimental condition. Fermented compositions showed highly inhibitory effect against human cancer cell line HCT-15 and AGS, but not on normal cell line NIH3T3.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.93-102
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• 2021

Purpose: With advances in surgical techniques, reduced-port laparoscopic surgery is increasingly being performed for the treatment of gastric carcinoma. Many studies have reported satisfactory short-term outcomes after reduced 3-port laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG). The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term oncological outcomes of 3-port LG in patients with gastric carcinoma. Materials and Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 1,117 patients who underwent LG for gastric carcinoma in three major institutions between 2012 and 2015. The data showed that 460 patients underwent 3-port LG without assistance, and 657 underwent conventional 5-port LG. We compared the overall and disease-free survival rates between the 2 groups. Results: There were 642 male and 475 female patients with a mean age of 56.1 years. Among them, 1,028 (92.0%) underwent distal gastrectomy and 89 (8.0%) underwent total gastrectomy. In the final pathologic examination, 1,027 patients (91.9%) were stage I, 73 (6.5%) were stage II, and 17 (1.5%) were stage III, and there were no significant difference in the pathologic stage between groups. The 3- and 5-port LG groups showed no significant differences in the 5-year overall survival (94.3% vs. 96.7%, P=0.138) or disease-free survival (94.3% vs. 95.9%, P=0.231). Stratified analyses according to pT and pN stages also showed no significant differences in overall or disease-free survival between the two groups. Conclusions: Long-term survival after 3- and 5-port LG was comparable in patients with early-stage gastric carcinoma. The 3-port technique requiring limited surgical assistance may be an appropriate surgical option for this patient population.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.3 s.71
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• pp.86-99
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• 2007

Objectives : Cancer patients who are afraid of unpleasant therapy and doubt a perfect cure often seek out traditional Korean medicine or many other kinds of complementary and alterative medicine (CAM) instead. This study was carried out in order to learn the prevalence and kinds of the traditional Korean medicine and CAM to evaluate awareness of and attitude toward it. Methods : 213 patients with gastric cancer who had undergone surgery in the department of gastrointestinal surgery and visited for routine follow-up from November to December of 2004 were included. A questionnaire survey was done by trained interviewers for CAM and demographic information. Results : 96.7% of patients had experience with CAM. The kinds and frequencies of CAM were diet and nutrition 21.0%, folk remedy 21.0%, pharmacological treatment 13.5%, oriental medicine 5.3% and mind-body intervention 1.4%. 56.8% of patients had experienced 2-6 kinds of CAM, 37.4% more than 7. Among diet and nutrition, ginseng (62.9%) was highest, followed by ox leg bone soup (50.8%) and pumpkin (31.5%). Among the folk remedies, elm tree was highest at 46.5%, followed by phellinus linteus (Sang-Whang) at 26.8% and ganoderma lucidum (Young-Gee) 20.7%.satisfaction with CAM was relatively low (43.2%), many patients (78.2%) replied that they would use it continuously. Conclusion : Most patients had experience with many kinds of CAM, but didn't discuss it with medical doctors. If scientific study proves whether or not each kind of CAM is actually effective ondisease, it will help to improve the health of patients and prevent the inappropriate usage and cost.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2006

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a group of positional and geometric isomers of linoleic acid that have been used to reduce the incidence, growth and metastasis of breast, colon, prostate and gastric cancer in animals. CLA could reduce tumor growth by altering angiogenesis; a process requiring associated angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In this study, we determined whether CLA could modulate the expression of VEGF in murine mammary tumor cells and adipocytes. The c9, t11-CLA isomer reduced VEGF transcripts and protein when mammary tumor cells were stimulated with PMA. That isomer also reduced VEGF expression in un stimulated mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Since VEGF can be regulated by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), we determined whether CLA could alter COX-2 enzyme expression and $PGE_2$ production. The c9, t11-CLA isomer reduced not only COX-2 enzyme expression but also $PGE_2$ production. Thus, c9, t11-CLA could modulate neovascularization by alteration of VEGF expression from mammary tumor cells and adipocytes by reducing COX-2 metabolites.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 2006

Background: The DR-$70^{TM}$ immunoassay is a newly developed cancer diagnostic test which quantifies the serum fibrin degradation products (FDP), produced during fibrinolysis, by antibody reaction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of DR-$70^{TM}$ Immunoassay in screening malignant tumor. Methods: Sample subjects were 4,169 adults, both male and female, who visited the health promotion center of a general hospital from March 2004 to April 2005 and underwent the DR-$70^{TM}$ immunoassay test and other tests for cancer diagnosis. The patient group was defined as 42 adults out of the sample subjects who were newly diagnosed with cancer during the same time period when the DR-$70^{TM}$ immunoassay test was performed. Final confirmation of a malignant tumor was made by pathological analysis. Results: The mean DR-$70^{TM}$ level was $0.83{\pm}0.65{\mu}g/ml$ (range: 0.00 (0.0001)${\sim}7.42{\mu}g/ml)$ in the control group (n=4,127) as opposed to $2.70{\pm}2.33{\mu}g/ml$ (range: $0.12{\sim}9.30{\mu}g/ml)$ in the cancer group (n=42), and statistical significance was established (p<0.0001, Student t-test). When categorized by the type of malignant tumor, all cancer patients with the exception of the subgroups of colon and rectal cancer showed significantly higher mean DR-$70^{TM}$ levels compared with the control group (p<0.0001, Kruscal-Wallis test). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed ${\geq}1.091{\mu}g/ml$ as the best cut-off value. Using this cut-off value, the DR-$70^{TM}$ immunoassay produced a sensitivity of 71.4%, a specificity of 70.1%, a positive predictability of 69.4%, and a negative predictability of 69.2% (1). Conclusion: A significant increase in the mean DR-$70^{TM}$ value was observed in the cancer group (thyroidal, gastric, breast, hepatic and ovarian) com pared with the control group. In particular, the specificity and sensitivity of the DR-$70^{TM}$ immunoassay was relatively high in the subgroups of breast, gastric, and thyroidal cancer patients. There is need for further studies on a large number of malignant tumor patients to see how the DR-$70^{TM}$ level might be changed according to the differentiation grade and postoperative prognosis of the malignant tumor.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.1041-1048
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• 2009

The development of skin metastasis is usually a morbid prognostic feature although they occur infrequently. Adenocarcinomas account for up to about 70% of all metastatic skin cancer. In general, adenocarcinomas are the most difficult metastatic tumor to accurately identify the primary site because they don't have distinctive histological features. For this reason, immunohistochemistry have been used to help identify the origin of metastatic adenocarcinomas. This study performed immunohistochemical staining with metastatic adenocarcinomas of the skin using a variety of antisera to find out characteristic immunohistochemical findings of them. This study was made upon the 29 cases of metastatic adenocarcinomas of the skin, which had been confirmed histopathologically in Chonbuk National University Hospital from January, 1986 to April, 2006, Paraffin blocks were colledted and homemade tissue arrays were made. We performed immunohistochemical staning using 12 antibodies (MUC1, 2, 5AC, 6, cytokeratin (CK) 7, 20, thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1), estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), beta-catenin, cox-2, claudin-1). The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 60.7 years and the male to female ratio was 1.2:1.0. The most common primary site was lung, followed by stomach and colorectum. MUC1 was expressed by most colorectal, breast and lung adenocarcinoma. MUC2 was expressed infrequently. MUCSAC was expressed by most gastric and colorectal cancer MUC6 was not specific of any primary site in this series. CK7+/CK20+immunophenotype was observed in gastric, lung, colorectal adenocarcinoma. CK7+/CK20- immunophenotype was observed in breast, lung, endometrial, uterine cervical, bile duct adenocarcinoma, while CK7-/CK20+ immunophenotype was observed only in colorectal adenocarcinoma. This results show the utility of TTF-1 to confirm the pulmonary origin. On the other hand ER and PR were not useful markers to assess the origin of primary tumor in this series.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.3703-3708
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• 2015

Background: The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a strong predictor of mortality in patients with colorectal, lung, gastric cancer, pancreatic and metastatic renal cell carcinoma. We here evaluated whether preoperative NLR is an independent prognostic factor for non-metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Materials and Methods: Data from 327 patients who underwent curative or palliative nephrectomy were evaluated retrospectively. In preoperative blood routine examination, neutrophils and lymphocytes were obtained. The predictive value of NLR for non-metastatic RCC was analyzed. Results: The NLR of 327 patients was $2.72{\pm}2.25$. NLR <1.7 and NLR ${\geq}1.7$ were classified as low and high NLR groups, respectively. Chi-square test showed that the preoperative NLR was significantly correlated with the tumor size (P=0.025), but not with the histological subtype (P=0.095)and the pT stage (P=0.283). Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Effects of NLR on OS (P=0.007) and DFS (P=0.011) were significant. To evaluate the independent prognostic significance of NLR, multivariate COX regression models were applied and identified increased NLR as an independent prognostic factor for OS (P=0.015), and DFS (P=0.019). Conclusions: Regarding patient survival, an increased NLR represented an independent risk factor, which might reflect a higher risk for severe cardiovascular and other comorbidities. An elevated blood NLR may be a biomarker of poor OS and DFS in patients with non-metastatic RCC.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.130-134
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• 1997

Purpose: To analyze contrast-enhancement pattern of stomach cancer on dynamic MRI and to verify the efficacy of intravenous contrast agent in the evaluation of stomach cancer. Materials and Methods: Twelve patients with proven stomach cancer underwent dynamic MRI. By using l.OT scanner, we obtained precontrast FLASH images, and 30, 60, 90 second delay FLASH images after intravenous contrast injection. All patients ingested one liter of water and had intramuscular injection of Buscopan just before MR study. For quantitative analysis we measured signal to noise ratio (SiN) of stomach cancer on each image, and signal difference to noise ratio (SD/N) between cancer and intraluminal fluid, cancer and the pancreas. For qualitative analysis two radiologists evaluated lesion conspicuity on each image by grading system(grade 0, 1, 2, 3: poor, fair, good, excellent). Results: SiN of stomach cancer increased gradually by time(precontrast, 30, 60, 90 second delay: 38.7, 42.5, 57.4, 65.7). SD/N between cancer and intraluminal fluid significantly increased after contrast enhancement(l.24, 25.01, 39.30, 45.89). SD/Ns between cancer and the pancreas were 10.5, 9.33, 9.99, 10.66, respectively. In qualitative analysis, precontrast images were better than postcontrast images for delineation of stomach cancer. Postcontrast images showed clear endo-Iuminal side of stomach cancer, but outer margin of stomach cancer was more distinct on precontrast images. Conclusion: Precontrast MR images are better than postcontrast MR images in the depiction of stomach cancer. Intravenous contrast agent is not imperative in the evaluation of stomach cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.15
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• pp.6581-6589
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• 2015

Background: Previously, stingless bee (Trigona spp.) products from East Kalimantan, Indonesia, were successfully screened for in vitro antiproliferative activity against human cancer derived cell lines. It was established that propolis from T. incisa presented the highest in vitro cytotoxicity against the SW620 colon cancer cell line (6% cell survival in $20{\mu}g/mL$). Materials and Methods: Propolis from T. incisa was extracted with methanol and further partitioned with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the extracts was assessed by the MTT assay against human colon (SW620), liver (Hep-G2), gastric (KATO-III), lung (Chago) and breast (BT474) cancer derived cell lines. The active fractions were further enriched by silica gel quick column, absorption and size exclusion chromatography. The purity of each fraction was checked by thin layer chromatography. Cytotoxicity in BT-474 cells induced by cardanol compared to doxorubicin were evaluated by MTT assay, induction of cell cycle arrest and cell death by flow cytometric analysis of propidium iodide and annexin-V stained cells. Results: A cardol isomer was found to be the major compound in one active fraction (F45) of T. incisa propolis, with a cytotoxicity against the SW620 ($IC_{50}$ of $4.51{\pm}0.76{\mu}g/mL$), KATO-III (IC50 of $6.06{\pm}0.39{\mu}g/mL$), Hep-G2 ($IC_{50}$ of $0.71{\pm}0.22{\mu}g/mL$), Chago I ($IC_{50}$ of $0.81{\pm}0.18{\mu}g/mL$) and BT474 (IC50 of $4.28{\pm}0.14{\mu}g/mL$) cell lines. Early apoptosis (programmed cell death) of SW620 cells was induced by the cardol containing F45 fraction at the $IC_{50}$ and $IC_{80}$ concentrations, respectively, within 2-6 h of incubation. In addition, the F45 fraction induced cell cycle arrest at the G1 subphase. Conclusions: Indonesian stingless bee (T. incisa) propolis had moderately potent in vitro anticancer activity on human cancer derived cell lines. Cardol or 5-pentadecyl resorcinol was identified as a major active compound and induced apoptosis in SW620 cells in an early period (${\leq}6h$) and cell cycle arrest at the G1 subphase. Thus, cardol is a potential candidate for cancer chemotherapy.