• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.155-159
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• 2001

The thermal shock resistance has been investigated and compared in three hot-work tool steels. The resistance to thermal shock is first of all a matter of good toughness and ductility. Therefore, a proper hot-work tool steel should be characterized by high fracture strength and high temperature toughness. In this study, new test method is proposed to measure the thermal shock resistance. New method is basically based on Uddeholm' thermal shock test but some modification has been properly applied. Based on these results, some critical temperature($T_{fractures}$) at which fracture occur can be measured to characterize the thermal resistance of the materials. The specific values of ${\Delta}T$, the temperature difference between holding temperature and $T_{fractures}$, has been successfully used as a measure of the thermal shock resistance in this study, the results showed that the thermal shock method used in this study was properly modified.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.59-61
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• 2011

The prevalence of Toxoplasma (T.) gondii was surveyed using a latex agglutination test (LAT) in native Korean cattle. A blood sample was collected from female 105 cattle in the Daejeon area of Korea. All cattle were asymptomatic and had not received any prophylactic treatment for T. gondii. Blood samples were collected via the caudal vein. The cattle ranged in age from 2~6 years (mean 3.7 years). LAT detected antibody to T. gondii in four of 105 (3.8%) cattle. However, the hazard analysis and critical control point protocol has been applied to cattle farms and beef traceability has been strengthen.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 2010

This paper proposes an updating policy of indoor moving object databases (IMODB) for location-based services. our method applies the Ka1man filter on the recently collected measured positions to estimate the moving object's position and velocity at the moment of the most recent measurement, and extrapolate the current position with the estimated position and velocity. If the distance between the extrapolated current position and the measured current position is within the threshold, in other words if they are close then we skip updating the IMODB. When the IMODB needs to know the moving object's position at a certain moment T, it applies the Kalman filter on the series of the measurements received before T and extrapolates the position at T with the estimations obtained by the Kalman filter. In order to verify the efficiency of our updating method, we performed the experiments of applying our method on the series of measured positions obtained by applying the fingerprinting indoor positioning method while we are actually walking through the test bed. In the analysis of the test results, we estimated the communication saving rate of our method and the error increment rate caused by the communication saving.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.166-178
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• 2013

Purpose: To survey the social distance of nursing students toward minority groups (immigrants, foreign workers, Saeteomins, and foreign students) and compare them according to general and multicultural characteristics. Methods: The subjects were 409 students from two nursing schools at G metropolitan city. Data were collected with self-reported questionnaires from April 2012 to June 2012, and analyzed by descriptive statistics (t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Scheffe test) using the SPSS/WIN 17.0 program. Results: The mean scores of social distance were $1.90{\pm}0.57$ (out of 4 points) and scores significantly differed according to religion (t=3.095, p=.002), tourist experiences in foreign countries (t=-2.651, p=.008), and for Asian background of minority groups. There were also differences according to the number of foreign friends(F=4.924, p=.008) and duration of friendships(F=3.913, p=.021). Conclusion: The level of social distance of nursing students was lower than average but needs to be reduced. We suggest further studies on the social distance toward each minority group and the development of valid scales for social distance and its related variables.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.20 no.2 s.33
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• pp.199-212
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• 2007

Objective : The purpose of this clinical research was to investigate the effects of Seunggaltang on patients with atopic dermatitis. Methods : Thirteen patients were treated with Seunggaltang and ten patients were treated with placebo for 8 weeks. We observed skin humidity, skin sebum,, transepidermal water loss, skin melanin, skin erythema, total IgE class and number of allergen. And Clinic Index of Atopic Dermatitis(Extent, Intensity, Subjective symptoms, Total score) was used to evaluate the effects of Seunggaltang. Statistical analysis was performed by using paired sample T-test. Statistical significance was achieved if the probability was less than 5%(P<0.05). The result were as follows : 1. Statistically, Seunggaltang didn't showed significant effect on skin humidity, skin sebum, skin transepidermal water loss, skin melanin and skin erythema. 2. Statistically, Seunggaltang showed significant effect on Clinic Index of atopic dermatitis. 3. Statistically, Seunggaltang didn't showed significant effect on total IgE class and number of allergen. 4. Before and after treatment, the results of blood test and urinalysis were normal. Conclusion : We speculate that Seunggaltang has some therapeutic effects in mitigating the symptoms of atopic dermatitis.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.111-126
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the clothing consumption pattern and satisfaction of the university students. 509 subjects were surveyed during the period of 2002, for statistical analysis, t-test, ANOVA(LSD), X²-test were used by SPSSWIN program. The results of this study were following; Number of clothing showed significant difference according to sex, income, and major Female students had more clothes than male students, but female student was not satisfied with thier number of clothing. University students spend the money below one hundred thousandwon on the purchase of clothing and they depend upon their parents for the cost. Their resources of fashion information are display of shop. Clothing consumption pattern showed significant difference according to sex and female students purchased on sale more frequently than male students. The needs of university students for formal wear was high. The reason for not wearing the clothes they have showed significant difference according sex, male students din't wear their clothes for ragging or unsuitableness of size but female students din't wear because thier clothes were old fashion or they lose interests in thier clothes. The tendency to have ethetic, easycare and high quality clothing of female student was stronger than that of male students. It is necessory business develop high quality formal wear at a low price, made in practical textiles and activative designed skirts for university students.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.18-28
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• 1996

This study was carried out to explore the direction of job involvement of public health nurses and explore the way for improving services of public health center in Korea. The subjects were consisted of 164 nurses who were working at public health centers in Chonbuk. The data were collected by self-reporting questionnaire from Jan. 15 to Jan. 27, 1996. The instrument used in this study was Likert-type scale which Job Involvement Scale developed by Kanungo. The questionnaires of organizational and job characteristic were made through reviewing literatures. The data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient with SPSSPC+ program. Major findings were as follows : 1. Mean scores for job involvement were 3.0879 on a 5 point scale. 2. In the personal variables, professional experience(t=-2.18, p=.031), position(t=2.34, p=.021), and age(F=-1.94, p=.038) were statistically significant in job involvement. 3. The variables to job characteristic were statistically significant in job involvement: job challenge (r=.4785, p=.000), role ambiguity (r=-.3141, p=.000), task significance (r=.2714, p=.000), and role conflict(r=-.2166, p=.003). 4. The variables to organizational characteristic were statistically significant in job involvement : formalization(r=.3184, p=.000) and human centered organizational characteristic (r=.2450, p=.001).

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.33-42
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• 1988

The study was to investigate the relationship between clothing variables (Conformity, Modesty, Importance) and environmental variables of Family (the Value Orientations of Family, the Psychological Process of Family), according to sex and region. the subjects were university students in Kyoung nam and Pusan (Male; 397-Pusan 183 and Kyoung nam 214, Female; 401-Pusan 224 and Kyoung Nam 177). Survey method was questionnaires. The data was analyzed with frequency, Pearson's Parson's Correlation, T-test, Multiple Regression using the SPSS. The results were as follows; 1. There was significant difference between clothing Variables in Young nam, but partially significant difference in Pusan. 2. There was partially significant difference between clothing Variables and Environmental Variables of family in each male & female Kyoung nam & Pusan). 3. In the T-test, between clothing Variables and Environmental Variables of family, difference between male and female was shown that female student was higher than male student all of Clothing Variables and male student was higher than female student t in the case of Environmental Variables of family, In the difference between Pusan and Kyoung Nam, male student was shown significant difference in the case of Conformity, materialism and love-Rejection, female student in the case of Modesty, Importance, materialism and Social rising. 4. In the multiple Regression analysis between clothing variables and Environmental Variables of family, clothing voriables partially were effected on the Environmental Variables of family in the cases of male and female in Pusan & Kyoung Nam.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.12
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• pp.189-197
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• 2002

The purpose of the study is to analyze the suitability of ready-to-wear apparels for adult women by considering their body types. 341 women aged from 20 to 60 were surveyed for this study. The survey was taken from November, 1999 through November, 2000. The subjects were classified into 4 groups(thin, normal young aged, normal middle aged, fat) according to BMI and Rohrer index. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, crosstabs, F-test, Duncan-test were used. As the result, it is our findings that, in purchasing clothes, especially in case of pants, people choose them mostly based on waist and hip. However, in that the normal young aged group bases thigh circumference, we need to consider such points. As for one-piece, height was an important factor, while chest was the most important factor for the fat group. In relation to the suitability of ready-to-wear garments, the groups showed significant differences for blouses, one-pieces, and jackets, respectively. Blouses didn't fit 29.8% of the fat group, and one pieces fitted thin or normal subjects to some extent. However, one pieces didn't fit 34% of the fat group while jackets didn't fit 51.4% of them. This result shows that there are difficulties in choosing clothes dependent on body types.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.515-524
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to identify how safety awareness and self-efficacy affect the safety practice with elementary school students. The participants were 369 elementary school students(4~6th grade) in Changwon city. Data were collected using self-report questionnaires and analyzed with the SPSSWIN 22.0 program. Analysis methods were t-test, one way ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearsons correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression. As a results, safety awareness was an average 2.97 point which was moderate levels and self-efficacy was on over intermediate level of an average 3.73 point. Safety practice was an 3.00 point. Safety practice had statistically significant difference according to grade, number of family, mother's education, character and school life attitude. Safety awareness(r=.41, p<.001) and self-efficacy(r=.39, p<.001) was significant correlation with safety practice. Fire safety(${\beta}=.22$, t=3.56) and self-efficacy(${\beta}=.27$, t=5.32) were significantly influenced safety practice and explaining 24.0% of the variance. From the results of this study, I proposed the education programs to increase safety practice in elementary school students that emphasizes self-efficacy and safety awareness.