• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.169-178
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• 2010

Objective. This study was conducted to observe the effect on appendage muscle strength according to increase in occlusal vertical dimension. Materials and methods. Ten males with a mean age of 21 were selected. The tested occlusal splints were made at the position of increased occlusal vertical dimension of 2mm,3.5mm and 5mm from the intercuspal position. Before and after wearing occlusal splints, the appendage muscle strength were tested by Cybex II dynamometer (Lumex Inc., Ronkonkoma, NY, USA). Results. Statistical analysis using the paired t-test revealed significant differences for flexion and extension of the hip, pronation of the forearm, internal rotation of the shoulder, external and internal rotation of the knee, and dorsiflexion and plantarflexion of the ankle (p<0.05). Conclusions. As the result of this study, we conclude that when occlusal vertical dimension was increased, most of mean muscular strength values were increased. Especially at the position of 3.5mm increased vertical dimension displayed the highest mean muscular strength value than other positions.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.92-102
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between spiritual wellbeing and hope, and perceived health status of teachers. Subjects for this study were 244 teachers sampled from middle schools in Kyungpuk. Data was collected from August 10, 1998 to August 30, 1998 using a self-reporting questionnaire managed by a trained interviewer. The measurement tool for spiritual wellbeing was a self-report questionnaire which consisted of 20 questions as 6 point Likert scale developed by Palautzian and Ellison(1982). The tool used do measure hope was developed based on a questionnaire consisting of 4 point Likert scale. Analysis of the data done by use of descriptive statistical methods, t-test, Pearson correlation. The result of this study are as follows : 1. The mean score for spiritual wellbeing was 82.32 and the range was 48-120. Among the components of spiritual wellbeing, the mean score for religious wellbeing was 39.23 and for existential wellbeing, 43.09. 2. The mean score for hope in the teacher group was 84.43, and in the school health teacher group, 88. 33, and this was statistically significant. 3. The response rate on good health for the perceived health status questions in the teacher group, 48.2%, and in the school health teacher group, 42.4%. 4. In testing the hypothesis concerning the relationship between spiritual wellbeing and hope, there was a strong positive correlation in both groups. In a comparison of coefficients of religious, existential wellbeing and hope, there was more stronger correlation in existential wellbeing than that in the other two. 5. In testing the hypothesis concerning the relationship between spiritual wellbeing and perceived health status, there was a weak positive correlation in both groups. 6. The mean score for spiritual wellbeing in the school health teacher group was higher than that in the teacher group and the difference was statistically significant. From the above results it can be conclude that : 1. There was strong positive correlation between spiritual wellbeing and hope. 2. There was correlation between spiritual wellbeing and perceived health status. 3. There was difference for spiritual wellbeing between the school health teacher group and the teacher group, and this was statistically significant.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.4
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• pp.84-101
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• 1995

The periodic health examination have been shown the important role on early detection, early treatment and prevention of disease. Until now, there have been many studies that showed the effectiveness of the periodic health examination on the early detection and early treatment of disease to some extent. But there are few studies about primary prevention before health problem arise. In this case-control study, 29 newly detected hypertensive cases, 31 liver disease cases and 65 controls which are all available for 6-year data in the periodic health examination of a occupational field were compared to investigate the significant increase trend of health status between the groups. The results will be used for the occupational health nurses to provide appropriate primary prevention to the employees. The hypertensive and liver disease cases were divided observation-needed group and treatment-needed group. The data on systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, Body Mass Index and Broca Index in hypertensive cases and SGOT, SGPT, Body Mass Index and Broca Index in liver disease cases were analyzed by t-test and ANOVA. The specific findings are summarized as follows. 1. In the comparison between the hypertensive cases and controls, SBP and DBP of the observation-needed group and the treatment-needed group were significantly higher than the data of the controls for past 6 years. It was 2-3 years ago showing increase over 140/90mmHg of blood pressure in the hypertensive cases before they are categorized as hypertensive cases. In the observation-needed group and the treatment-needed group, the trend of the blood pressure for 6 years were significantly higher than the one of the controls. 2. In the comparison between the liver disease cases and controls, SGOT and SGPT of the observation-needed group and the treatment-needed group were significantly higher than the data of the controls for past 6 years. It was 2 years ago showing increase within upper normal limit of SGOT and 5 years ago of SGPT in the liver disease cases before they are categorized as liver disease cases. In the observation-needed group and the treatment-needed group, the trend of the liver enzyme for 6 years were significantly higher than the one of the controls. With these results, the author proposed that intervention for the primary prevention such as continuous follow-up, health education and weight control to the population who has over 140/90mmHg of blood pressure and upper normal limit of AST and ALT.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.66 no.1
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• pp.61-85
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• 2014

Lately, as the problem of the aged poverty becomes a big social issue, this paper studies the problem of financial stability with respect to the income and consumption of before-and-after retirement generations. After dividing the data in Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing(KLoSA) into retired and non-retired groups, this study compares the difference among ageing groups by cross analysis and t-test. First, the result tells that the total personal income of retired group is lower than the one of non-retired group. Second, the public pension income benefit ratio of retired group is only 30% of it's total income, and the amount of public pension appears to be 40% of the total pension income. The benefit ratio of the personal pension income is low as about 1% in both groups, The private transfer income of the retired group takes relatively large portion in its total personal income. Third, as people gets older, financial stability gets worse because consumption does not decrease as much as the income decreases. Fourth, it is turned out that the expectation of old life supporting from nation is low in both groups. Fifth, the factors that affects the income of the public pension in the retired group are gender, age, education, and health status, when compared with the factors to the personal total income of the non-retired group. In terms of policy, this paper emphasizes the needs of the intensification of the public pension and the support for the revitalization of the personal pension.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.237-243
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• 2002

Objective : The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different media on blastulation, mean cell number, percentage of inner cell mass (ICM) of total cells and ICM : trophectoderm (TE) ratio in mice. Materials and methods: A total 552 two cell embryos were retrieved from ICR female mice (4 weeks old) at 48 hr after hCG injection (mated just after hCG injection) and cultured in MEM (n=276) or TCM (n=276) supplemented with 20% hFF. The grading of blastocysts from zona-intact (ZiB) to -escape (hatching and hatched, ZeB) was performed at 72 hours after culture. Total, TE and ICM cell numbers were analyzed by differential staining of blastocyst. Statistical analysis was performed using t-test with SigmaPlot-2001. P-values < 0.05 were accepted as statistically significant. Results: The blastulation rate in MEM ($64.9{\pm}4.95%$) was significantly higher (p=0.0031) than that in TCM ($57.2{\pm}5.22%$). No differences were found in the number of ZiB and ZeB between MEM ($31.9{\pm}2.62$, $33.0{\pm}4.58%$), and TCM ($27.2{\pm}4.28$, $30.1{\pm}4.58%$). A total 314 blastocysts (MEM=166; TCM=148) were stained differentially. Mean cell number of blastocysts was significantly higher (p=0.0002) in TCM ($73.1{\pm}3.3$) than in MEM ($61.7{\pm}2.5$). Differential staining was successfully performed in 155 blastocysts (MEM=77; TCM=78). The percentage of ICM was significantly higher in MEM than in TCM ($20.9{\pm}1.3$ vs. $17.1{\pm}1.2%$, p=0.0281). The ICM : TE ratio was higher in TCM than in MEM (1 : $4.85{\pm}0.68$ vs. 1 : $3.78{\pm}0.78$, NS). Conclusion: These results show that MEM increase the blastocyst formation and percentage of ICM of total cells comparing with TCM in mice.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.219-224
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among the stress on clinical practice, stress coping method and the somatization symptom of dental hygiene students and propose strategies for effective instruction of clinical practice. The survey was performed by self-reported questionnaires for 268 dental hygiene students who have recently experienced clinical practice. Collected data were analyzed using by t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient with the SPSS Win 12.0 program. Its results are as follows. 1. In the satisfaction of clinical practice, 'Satisfaction', 'Average' and 'Unsatisfactory' were 32.5%, 42.2% and 25.4%, respectively. The reason for dissatisfaction of clinical practice were 'insufficient education of college'(29.8%), 'environment of clinical practice institute'(23,4%), 'interpersonal relationship'(21.3%) in order. 2. Somatization symptoms was positive correlation(0.307, p < 0.01) associated with stress of clinical practice. Also it was negative correlation associated with satisfaction level of the subjects and stress of clinical practice. Correlation coefficient of the interpersonal relation factor was found the most significantly high as much as 0.331, according to the analysis carried out between subordinate factors of clinical practice stress and somatization. 3. According to stress coping method. Subjects were distributed into two group of active method and passive method. Thereafter as a result of verifying the difference of somatization symptoms, there was statistically significant difference between active method group and passive method group. Based on the study results, we suggests that effective management program of clinical practice should be developed and applied to the dental hygiene students to make them cope with stress and somatic symptom during their clinical practice.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of microamperage electrical stimulation on the number of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) in rat skin. Twenty four male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into electrical stimulation and control group. Bach animals hair on the back was removed. The electrical stimulation group received an positive rectangular positive electrical stimulation with $500{\mu}A$, while the control group was given the same treatment without electricity. The rats were sacrificed at 4 and 7 day of stimulation, respectively. The biopsy specimens were fixed in formalin, embedded in paraffin and stained with silver nitrate. The AgNOR were counted using a light microscope and computerized image analysis system and calculated as the mean number of AgNOR per nucleus in the epidermal keratinocyte. In control skin, the mean AgNOR count of epidermal keratinocyte at 4 and 7 day were 1.67 and 1.72, whereas electrical stimulated rat had mean AgNOR counts of 2.0 and 2.14, respectively. A Student's t-test showed a significantly higher mean AgNOR number at 4 ana 7 day in the electrical stimulated rats than control rats (p<0.05). The microamperage electric current stimulation increased the epidermal AgMOR expression in incisional wound skin. These results suggest that the microamperage electrical stimulation may promote migration and proliferative activity of epidermal keratinocyte in surgical wound.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.372-378
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• 2001

The aim of this in vitro study was to analyze the composition of human tooth enamel in terms of three components, Ca, P, and F after demineralization and remineralization in acid buffer solution. A total of 8 human premolars without any defects and cracks were selected and buccal and lingual sides of the teeth were cleaned with an ultrasonic device and pumice without fluoride 5$\times$5mm windows were opened, and other areas were completely covered with 3-coats of nail varnish to prevent from being in contact with demineralized and remineralized solutions. After demineralization process, each tooth was sectioned into two slices, highly polished one of them with$\gamma$-alumina, and then analyzed the composition of the demineralized tooth with EPMA(electron probe micro-analyzer). The other slices were put into the remineralized solution for 10 days, polished, and analyzed in the same manner. These data were statistically analyzed with one sample t-test(p<0.05). The results were as follows. 1. Normal tooth enamel consists of 49.76% Ca, 39.80% P, and 0.28% F. 2. After demineralization, percentage of Ca and P ratio were decreased by about 5.57 and 5.07% respectively. Percentage of F ratio was also decreased by about 0.01%, which was not statistically significant. 3. After remineralization, percentage of Ca, P increased about by 4.47 and 4.35% respectively Percentage of F decreased by about 0.01%, which was not statistically significant. In conclusion, remineralized solution used in our study has the potential to induce the uptake the Ca and P into the pore sites of the demineralized enamel. But, in the oral cavity. there were rapid temperature change, organic matrix that inhibits the movement of the ions, and limitation of continuous contact with this remineralized solution. Therefore, further in vivo study is necessary.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.318-324
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to provide the basic date which is increase the number of revisits for scaling after analyzing factors that influence trend of dental revisits for 7 years. Research data was about 1,471 patients who visited S dental clinic in Seoul at 2007 for scaling. Data from January 2007 to December 2013 was collected. The subjects were divided into 3 groups by their trend in number of dental revisits for scaling: once, 2 times, 3~7 times. The data were analyzed using the chi-squire, independent-samples t-test and one-way ANOVA, binary logistic regression analysis. As a result, the trend of dental revisit for scaling is significantly decreased from first time to second time, and after 3rd time dental revisits were steadily continued. Factors affecting dental revisits for scaling are distance, family hospital, systemic disease, presence or absence of periodontal therapy. According to the results of the study, providing dental service in accordance with the patients' characteristics and increasing the dental revisits for scaling could give a positive influence to improvement of oral health.

• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.83-90
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• 2011

To prospectively determine the diagnostic performance a combination of standard bolus-chase magnetic resonance (MR) angiography and MR angiography with time-resolved imaging of contrast kinetics (TRICKS) for depicting severity of the head and neck vascular diseases. Over a period of two months, A total of 100 patients(average ages : $50{\pm}8$, male : 60, female : 40) with head and neck vascular diseases were performed on the GE excite 3.0 T units with 8-channel head coil and 4-channel NV coil. Imaging parameters for a typical study were as follow: SBC(TR/ TE/ FA/ SliceThicken./ Slab/ Freq./ FOV/ BW/Scan Time) = 5.4/ min/ 30/ 2/ zip2/ 70/ $224{\times}448$/ 30/ 62.50/ 28, TRICKS(TR/ TE/ FA/ Slice Thicken/Slab/ Freq./ FOV/ BW/ Temp Res./ Scan Time = 3.6/ min/ 25/ 4/ 30/ $160{\pm}384$, zip512/ 30/ 100/ 1 to 1.5/ 23). The analysis of all MR images, which have respect-ively classified two techniques into some diseases. The results of the former were divided into two groups(SBC, TRICKS)with 4 grading of two reader, respectively. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to determine if a significant difference between imaging techniques existed(p < 0.05). In 33 of 100 patients, arterio-venous malformation was 11% at TRICKS, subclavian vein stenosis : 8%, fistular sinus : 4%, jugular vein stenosis:6%, Middle Cerebral Artery bypass surgery : 4%, p < 0.05). The rest of 67 patients were considered as the results of SBC(14% in the basilar artery stenosis, carotid stenosis : 16%, vertebral stenosis : 17%, central neuro-cytoma : 5%, meningioma : 5%, Not appliable : 10%, p < 0.05). Sensitivity and specificity of TRICKS MR angiography in SVS, FS, JVS, MCABS were improved compared with those at standard MR angiography. In SBS MR angiography which were improved in BAS, CS, VS, CN, Meningioma. In conclusion, TRICKS MR angiography of the SVS, FS, JVS, MCABS is superior to standard MR angiography regarding the number of diagnostic grading. The SBS MR angiography were improved in BAS, CS, VS, CN, Meningioma. and assessment of the degree of luminal narrowing on both TRICKS and SBS.