• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.11-26
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• 2010

This study was carried out using personal measurement for female college students who have a great interest in fashion at 20-24 age, and examined somatotype character. As a means of a character type test, the grades were laid by using MBTI which proved to be objective, and relativity between character types was laid by conducting correlation analysis. The conclusions which can be drawn from this study are as followed. 1. In 4 preference index, which was classified by MBTI, Sensing(S) type was the highest of 17.27% at the average and 68.5% at the distribution rate each. The average of Extraversion(E) type was 14.56% and it's distribution rate was 64.5%. Index of types were : Intuition(N) 12.49%, Introversion(I) 11.75%, Perceiving(P) 12.50%. Average distribution rate of each types were : N 31.5%, I 35.5%, P 40.3%. And average of Sensing(S) type was the lowest, 11.09%. Like American Students, the subjects of this study showed higher in the E type than in the I type. The distribution rate of 16 character types of MBTI were : ESTJ 18.5%, ESFP 13.7%, ISTJ and ESFJ 9.7%. But INTP and INFP were low, 2.4% and 0.8%. 2. Average sizes of subjects for this study were : height 160.49cm, weight 51.83kg, bust 83.22cm, waist 65.49cm, hips 90.70cm. As compared with measurement of women at 20-24 age of Size Korea(2004), the subjects of this study showed less, about 0.2-5cm in height, 0.2-2cm in circumference except in waist, and 0.5-3.6cm in length. 3. After examining the relativity between personal measurement categories of the subjects and character type through the MBTI, Extraversion(E) type showed inverse correlation in stature, height, biacromial breadth, and subcutaneous fat thickness of posterior iliospinale. Contrary to the E type, the Introversion(I) type showed positive correlation. Sensing(S) type showed inverse correlation only in biacromial breadth, Intuition(N) type showed positive correlation in most categories including height, width and the subcutaneous fat thickness. Thinking(T) type showed positive correlation in bust point-bust point, chest depth and hip width. Feeling(F) type, on the other hand, showed inverse correlation. The Judging(J) type showed inverse correlation in stature, height, length and the parts of chest. In contrast, Perceiving(P) type showed positive correlation in other categories including biacromial breadth, same as the J type.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.101-125
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• 2005

We applied functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) techniques to examine whether general intelligence (g) could be assessed using a neurobiological signal of the brain. Participants were students in a national science academy and several local high schools. They were administered diverse intelligence (RAPM and WAIS) and creativity tests (TTCT-figural and TTCT-verbal). Forty of them were scanned using fMRI while performing complex and simple g tasks. In brain regions of greater blood flow in complex compared with simple g tasks, the gifted group with an exceptional g level was not significantly different from the average group with an ordinary g level: both of them activated the lateral prefrontal, anterior cingulate, posterior parietal cortices. However, the activation levels of the gifted group were greater than those of the average group, particularly in the posterior parietal cortex. Correlation analysis showed that the activity of the posterior parietal cortex has the highest correlation ($(r=0.73{\sim}0.74)$) with individual g levels and other regions also have moderate correlation ($(r=0.53{\sim}0.66)$). On the other hand, two-sample t test showed a striking contrast in intelligence tests scores between the gifted and the average group, whereas it did not show in creativity tests scores. These results suggest that it is within the bounds of possibility that a neurobiological signal of the brain is used in the assessment of the gifted and also suggest that creativity has to be given a great deal of weight on the assessment of the gifted.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.629-655
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• 2014

This study aims to explore the characteristics of environmental catalysts which have affected the development of music giftedness of the disadvantaged students. For this purpose, this study deals with nineteen disadvantaged gifted in music and examines their self-evaluation test, personal statement, and interview. Based on Gagn$\acute{e}$'s environmental catalysts of differentiated model of giftedness and talent(DMGT), the analysis of the interviews conveys the milieu of the disadvantaged gifted hardly exerts positive influences on their musical activities and studies. While concerning music and supporting their children financially and emotionally, parents unintentionally tend to exert negative influences on their children for their misapprehension of giftedness and incompetent advice. On the whole, the disadvantaged gifted hardly admit their teachers as experts in music. In relation to provisions, most students participate in extra school and local program and none of them participates in music gifted program. They are not satisfied with the quality in education. Despite the importance of the events such as crystallizing experience, award-winning, and performance, most students don't have enough events for inspiring their giftedness. As a conclusion, this study gives a proposition for a strategy to improve the environmental catalysts for the disadvantaged gifted in many different ways: the improvement of social recognition, the enhancement of parent consulting and teachers training programs, and the development and diffusions of more qualified gifted programs and so on.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.20-36
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• 1978

The effect of binder kicking forces on the shattering losses of paddy rice, which has been widely understood as an outstanding loss factor in harvesting with a binder, were experimentally assessed in this thesis.Through the field tests the optimum time of harvest, in terms of grain moisture contents, was found by considering harvesting losses for two rice varieties, harvested by two different binders, at four or five grain moisture levels.A device was designed and manufactured to apply various kicking forces to the bundles and was used in the bundle kicking tests. It was intended to find out the optimum range of kicking force to minimize the kicking losses. Based on the study, modification of the existing binder kicking mechanism was suggested. The following is a summary of the results of this thesis. 1. In Suweon 258 variety, as the grain moisture content is reduced, so the cutting loss and the kicking loss increase. The grain losses range from 0.77 to 0.82 percent of total field yield for the cutting loss, from 1.83 to 2.01 percent for the kicking loss, and from 2.60 to 2.83 percent for the field loss, when the moisture content is about 22 percent. 2. In Jinheung variety , the field losses increased as the grain moisture content decreased . When the moisture content was 20 percent, the field loss, cutting loss and kicking loss was 0.42-0.49 % , 0.30-0.35, and 0.12 -0.14% of the total field yield, respectively. 3. The difference in the field loss , cutting loss, and kicking loss for the two binders was 0.23% , 0.05% and 0.18% respectively in Suweon 258 variety, and 0.07% , 0.02% and 0.05% respectively ini Jinheung variety. The grain losses for binder B were slightly higher than those for binder A. 4. In the statistical analysis of each variety , the kicking force and the moisture content of the grain, and its interaction were all highly significant at 1% level by T test .The optimum kicking force was found to be in the 3.0-0.4kg range. This does not interrupt the binder operation, while ioses are kept to an acceptale level. 5. To reduce the kicking force of the eXlstmg binder mechanism, the speed of rotation of the kicking arm needs to be redued by increasing the number of driving sprocket teeth, and the position and gear ratio of the knotter-bill and driving bevelgear have to be change to give a !motter-bill speed of 1110 rpm. It is also desirable to attach a belt conveyor which smoothly carries the bundle to the ground. 6. The optimum harvesting time cased on maximum field yield was found to be at a grain moisture content of around 22 percent for Suweon 258 variety, and 20 percent for Jinheung variety. Tota] field yield and field yield at the time amounted to 9, 812.5 kg/ha, 9, 302. 5kg/ha respectively for the Suweon 258, and 7, 819.5 kg/ ha, 7, 158.7 kg/ha respectively for the Jinheung variety.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.28-34
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• 1999

Purpose: We studied magnetic resonance imaging of acromion morphology and superior displacement of the humeral head in the patients with diagnosis of rotator cuff impingement syndrome, and also documented the relationship of type Ⅲ acromion to the rotator cuff tear. Materials and Methods: We reviewed retrospectively 40 patients(40 shoulders) who had arthroscopic treatment for the diagnosis of stage II impingement or rotator cuff partial tear and did not have other risk lesions except acromion factor. The mean age was 48.7 years at operation. 21 men(2l shoulders), mean age of 26 years, were used as controls. Acromial type, tilt, and superior displacement of humeral head in sagittal plane, and acromial lateral angulation in coronal plane were measured. Four parameters of the patients were compared with those of control group. And then, the data were subdivided and analyzed with respect to acromial type and patient age in the impingement group. Student t test and multi-way ANOVA were used. Results: In impingement group, Farley's type I acromion, 33%, type Ⅱ, 38%, type Ⅲ, 27% and type Ⅳ, 2%. Superior displacement of humeral head( 4.8mm) were characteristic in the impingement group compared with the control group(1.3mm)(p<0.05). But acromial tilt and lateral angulation were not statistically different. In the analysis of the impingement group, the change of 4 parameters was not significant with respect to age(p>0.05), but lateral angulation in type I acromion(18 degree) and superior displacement of humeral head in type Ⅲ acromion(6.3mm) were significantly increased(p<0.05). All 4 parameters were not different between two subdivided types of type Ⅲ acromion. Conclusion: All types of acromian and large lateral angulatian cauld develop impingement syndrame, but acromial tilt was nat risk factar. Appearance of type Ⅲ acromian and increased superiar displacement of humeral head were characteristic findings in the impingement syndrame. Superiar displacement of humeral head as a result of degenerative change of rotatar cuff was probably primary cause far impingement. The type Ⅲ acromian might be an acquired farm, which cauld be expected to accelerate the tear of rotatar cuff as a cansequence.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.64-78
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• 1987

This study is attempt to submit a basic material to help the efficient nursing management which supports and to understand the alienation which they percieve social-psychologically and physical aging bringing about the phf·sical powerlessness, to understand the old people in hospitals and in community and should build up their health. The data collection of the study which has been done on Sept. 7 to Sept. 20, 1986 is objected to 300 people of 65 years old of age or more of male and female who are staying at home. Analysis of the Data was done by use of percentage, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson Correlation Coefficients. The results of study are summerized as follows: 1. According to each age group of old people(p= .0008), family living together concreteness (p=.0000), the level of education (p=.0020), how much they are participating in leisure activity (p=.0001), whether they have mate or not (p=.0000), whether they have religion or not (p=.0000), the level of alienation showed difference statistically. Also, according to sex (p=.4315), whether they have income or not (p=.1197), the level of alienation did not show any difference statistically. 2. According to each age group of old people (p=.0000), family living together concreteness (p=.0060), the level of education (p=.0000), sex (p=.0000), whether they have mate or not (p=.0000), whether they have religion or not (p=.0067), whether they have income or not (p=.0000), the level of physical aging showed difference statistically. Also, according to how much they are participating in leisure activity, the level of physical aging did not show any difference statistically (p=4879). 3. The level of alienation and physical aging in old people had positive correlation (r=.5436, p<.001). From the above result, the level of social, psychological alienation and physical aging showed high for the old who had no mate, no religion, low in their educational level, living separately' with the family and for those who do not participate much in the leisure activities, The old people who feel the social, psychological alienation can expedite the physical aging and physical aging can be result from social psychological loneliness and alienation. Therefore, for the successful aging of the old people in the community with these weak points, we should provide them with physical and emotional, psycho-logical support and care in the basis of understanding in socialization process and the character of the physical functional change.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.138-157
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• 1996

Recently, there has been increase perception of health promotion with development of the economic state and science. Individual's responsibility and psychosocial factors have impacted on the individual's lifestyle. Health promotion can be maintained or improved through changes of lifestyle of individuals. Also, there has been supported results of health behavior health has been focused on menopausal symptom and reproductive organ. Until recently, little research has been available on the health or health care of midlife women. The purpose of this study was to explain relationship between health promoting lifestyle and hardiness, gender role characteristics. A total of 254 items of data were obtained from randomly selected subjects. The data collected from the interviews were analyzed using SPSS, yielding frequency, mean. t-test, ANOVA, Pearson Correlation, Stepwise multiple regression. The result of this study are as follows : 1) For the health promoting lifestyle, the mean score was 116.3, the highest score was nutrition(3.30) and interpersonal support(2.86), the lowest score was exercise(1.68). The highest subscale for the hardiness was committment(2.44). Also for the gender role characteristics was higher than median score(37.8). 2) There was a statistically difference the demographic variables. A total health promotion lifestyle was predicted by income and marriage satisfaction, hardiness was predicted by education, income, marriage satisfaction, support person and gender role characteristics was predicted by education. 3) With regard to the relationship among health promoting lifestyle, hardiness, gender role characteristics, the correlation coefficient between health promoting lifestyle and hardiness was r=-.48, p<.001. Also there were significant correlation between health promoting lifestyle and gender role characteristics(r=.22, p<.01), hardiness and gender role characteristics(r=-.39, p<.001). 4) A stepwise multiple regression analysis was done on the total health promoting lifestyle score using the demographic variables, hardiness subscale and gender role characteristics for independent variables. A total of 25% of the variance was explained inthe total health promoting lifestyle by the control, challenge and marriage satisfaction. In conclusion, hardiness and gender role characteristics were engaged in health promoting activity in midlife women. This study also provides new information about the health practices that midlife women report they practice. Therefore, nursing intervention to increase women's health have to be planed program that consider on the basis the results of this study.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.232-240
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• 2001

One hundred twenty five bacterial isolates were obtained from the brown blotch-diseased oyster mushrooms collected from markets. Among them, 45 were determined as pathogenic bacteria and white line forming organisms(WLFO) were 6 strains and white line reaction organisms (WLRO) were 6 strains. All of the white line forming isolates were identified as Pseudomonas tolaasii which is a known pathogen of brown blotch disease of oyster mushroom by GC-MIS(Gas chromatography-microbial identification system). Six of the white line reacting organisms were identified as P. chlomraphis, P. fluorescens biotype A and type C. The rest of them were P gingeri, P. agarici, P. fluorescens biotype B, P. chloroyaphis, non-pathogenic P. tolaasii, P. putida biotype A and B etc. For spectrum of activity of tolaasin, culture filtrates from pathogenic isolates were examined by browning of mushroom tissue and pitting of mushroom caps. The weak pathogenic bacteria didn't induce browning or pitting of mushroom tissue. On the other hand, strong pathogenic isolates showed browning and pitting reaction on mushroom. An extracellular toxin produced by P. tolaasii, was investigated. The hemolysis activity test of 6 strains identified as P. tolaasii were 0.8∼0.9 at 600 nm and 3 strains of WLRO were 0.9∼1.0 and Pseudomonas app. were 1.0∼1.2. Observation of fresh mushroom tissue using confocal laser scanning microscopy was carried out for images of optical sectioning and vertical sectioning. Also images of brown blotch diseased oyster mushroom tissue after contamination P. tolaasii was obtained by CLSM.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.34-54
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• 1995

Occupational health services in Korea have been operated as dual types: one is operated by occupational health care manager and the other is health care agency without their own personnel. The performance of occupational health service should be different due to the variety of characteristics of health care manager and workplace, qualification of health care manager. This study is to analyze performance of occupational health care services with a particular consideration of job, based on comparing those two types of health care management to show on the basic data for the settlement of more qualitative. health care management system at workplace. For this study, total 391 places in Seoul and Inchon city area: 154 places (39.4%) managed by designated. health care manager and 237 places (60.6%) by the agency with their commission are selected as research samples. Tools for data collection are questionnares have been investigated during the period of 20 September 1993-20 December 1993. Those data are compared with percentiles, mean, standard deviation due to the characterstics of each variable and analyzed for impacting factors with relation to the using multiple regression analysis using SPSS PC program, especially using t -test method in order to compare each type of health care management. Conclusions observed from the tests and each comparison could be summerized as follows : 1. Occupational health care have been accomplished at workplaces with designated people than with agencies people, and coverage rate of the occupational health care services has differences, due to management types. The reason of these results is due to visit only one or two times monthly by the agencies, while their own health care manager obsess, at the workplaces all the times. 2. The common sickness management is the most accomplished item in health care area of occupational health care services, while the preventive care and control for the workers who have serious health problems are insufficient in workers health care area. 3. An insufficient accomplishment of overall health education has been shown because it is difficult to perform health education due to almost no chance of the direct introduction at workplaces. Therefore a strong support system for making and supplying the media is necessary in order to activate indirect health education by means of media. 4. Because health care managers and the agencies managers where take the workplaces for this study are almost nurses who have been comparatively high work site rounding rate about an environmental management at the workplaces, that non-profession can also do it, the activities about the professional area not enough. Therefore, an appropriate referral system should be established in order to complement professional area. 5. Two factors which have an effect on the coverage rate of occupational health care services are : one is those from the workplaces such as type of services, the number of workers, the number of harzadous factors and safety & health committee, the other from health care organization about whether there is its own manager or not.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.45-51
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• 1991

The purpose of this study is to investigate the stress and coping level as a result of dysmenorrhea which was experienced by girls. For the collection of data, the girls from the 1st to the 3rd grade in middle school in Seoul were selected through a random sampling technique. The survey was conducted from the 1st. to the 14th of June, 1991 by the use of questionnaires made after a pilot study. The final subjects for analysis were restricted to only those who had experienced me~arche, the number of which totaled 1,131. The stress, coping level, and other variables, were tested and analysed by descriptive statistics (eg, frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation), t-test, ANOVA and Pearson's correlation coefficients. The obtained results are summarized as follows. 1. The chronological start for menarche was at a mean age of 13.1 The respondents who had experienced menarche numbered $70.9\%$ of the 1st grades and $96.2\%$ of the 2nd grades in middle school, otherwise the starting age for menarche was in the 4th grade in primary school. 2. Their menstrual cycle and period were longer than adult's one. The number of students studied who had experienced dysmenorrhea during their menstrual cycle were 860, and 650 of those revealed that their mothers or sisters had experienced similar problems. 3. The subjects who were late or head left early rather than being absent from school every menstruation cycle were more stressful. The results are thought to show that the girl's perception of dysmenorrhea seems to be more sensitive than adult's one. 4, A significant negative correlation was found between the perception of menstrual flow and strees level. It means that an increase in the stress of dysmenorrhea was associated with decreased menstrual bleeding. The degree of hypochondrical concern assessed by the girls was significantly correlated to stress and coping level. When the girls perceived high stress as a result of dysmenorrhea, they worried about their physical health more. The above results lead us to the suggestion that the starting point of early education with a school program is appropriate for the 4th grade in primary school. Especially if the girls in middle school should be required to give the information about correct knowledge and sufficient self -care management of menstruation monthly, if this could be implemented the loss in school days among the students due to dysmenorrhea would be minimized with more ease.