• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 2000

In this paper we find some classes of operators implying normaity. The main result is as follows. If T is restriction-convexoid and is reduced by each of its eigenspaces corresponding to isolated eigenvalues, which is a class including hyponormal operators, and if $\sigma$(T) is countable then T is diagonal and normal.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.271-277
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• 1999

Amorphous $Fe_{83}B_9Nb_7Cu_1$ alloy has been studied by M$\"{o}$ssbauer spectroscopy. Revised Vincze method was used and distributions of hyperfine field, isomer shift, and quadrupole line broadening of the sample at various temperatures have been evaluated and Curie temperature and $H_{hf}\;(0)$ were calculated to be 393 K and 231 kOe, respectively. Temperature variation of reduced average hyperfine field shows a flattered curvein comparison with the Brillouin curve for S=1. This behavior can be explained on the basis of Handrich molecular field model, in which the parameter Δ, which is a measure of fluctuation in exchange interactions, is assumed to have the temperature dependence ${Delta}=0.75-0.64{\tau}+0.47{\tau}^2$ where $\tau$ is $T/T_C$. At low temperature, the average hyperfine field can be fitted to $H_{hf}\;(T)=H_{hf}\;(0)\;[1-0.44\;(T/T_C)^{3/2}-0.28(T/T_C)^{5/2}-… ]$, which indicates the presence long wave length spin wave excitations. At temperature near TC, reduced average hyperfine field varies as $1.00\;[1-T/T_C]^{0.39}$. It is also found that half-width of the hyperfine field distribution was 102 kOe (3.29 mm/s) at 13 K and decreased monotonically as temperature increased. Above the Curie temperature, an average quadrupole splitting value of 0.43 mm/s was found. Average line broadening due to quadrupole splitting distribution was 0.31 mm/s at 13 K and decreases monotonically to 0.23 mm/s at 320 K, whereas that due to the isomer shift distribution is 0.1 mm/s at 13 K and 0.072 mm/s at 320 K, which is much smaller than that of both hyperfine field and quadrupole splitting. The temperature dependence of the isomer shift can be fitted within the harmonic approximation to a Deybe model with a Debye temperature ${Theta}_D=424{\pm}5K$.TEX>.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.179-188
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• 1999

In this paper we find some classes of operators for which Weyl`s theorem holds. The main result is as follows. If T$\in$L(\ulcorner) satisfies the following: (ⅰ) Either T or T\ulcorner is reduced by each of its eigenspaces; (ⅱ) Weyl`s theorem holds for T; (ⅲ) T is isoloid, then for every polynomial p, Weyl`s theorem holds for p(T).

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.283-288
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• 2015

Objective : This study aims to visualize the subjective symptoms before and after the treatment of whiplash injury using infrared (IR) thermography. Methods : IR thermography was performed for 42 patients who were diagnosed with whiplash injury. There were 19 male and 23 female patients. The mean age was 43.12 years. Thermal differences (${\Delta}T$) in the neck and shoulder and changes in the thermal differences (${\Delta}dT$) before and after treatment were analyzed. Pain after injury was evaluated using visual analogue scale (VAS) before and after treatment (${\Delta}VAS$). The correlations between ${\Delta}dT$ and ${\Delta}VAS$ results before and after the treatment were examined. We used Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging equipment of Dorex company for IR thermography. Results : The skin temperature of the neck and shoulder immediately after injury showed $1-2^{\circ}C$ hyperthermia than normal. After two weeks, the skin temperature was normal range. ${\Delta}T$ after immediately injuy was higher than normal value, but it was gradually near the normal value after two weeks. ${\Delta}dT$ before and after treatment were statistically significant (p<0.05). VAS of the neck and shoulder significantly reduced after 2 week (p=0.001). Also, there was significant correlation between ${\Delta}dT$ and reduced ${\Delta}VAS$ (the neck; r=0.412, p<0.007) (the shoulder; r=0.648, p<0.000). Conclusion : The skin temperature of sites with whiplash injury is immediately hyperthermia and gradually decreased after two weeks, finally it got close to normal temperature. These were highly correlated with reduced VAS. IR thermography can be a reliable tool to visualize the symptoms of whiplash injury and the effectiveness of treatment in clinical settings.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.183-190
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• 2020

Although membrane bio-reactor (MBR) has been widely applied for wastewater treatment plants, the membrane fouling problems are still considered as an obstacle to overcome. Thus, many studies and commercial developments on mitigating membrane fouling in MBR have been carried out. Recently, high voltage impulse (HVI) has gained attention for a possible alternative technique for desalting, non-thermal sterilization, bromate-free disinfection and mitigation of membrane fouling. In this study, it was verified if the HVI could be used for mitigation of membrane fouling, particularly the internal pore fouling in MBR. The HVI was applied to the fouled membrane under different conditions of electric fields (E) and contact time (t) of HVI in order to investigate how much of internal pore fouling was reduced. The internal pore fouling resistance (R_f) after HVI induction was reduced as both E and t increased. For example, R_f decreased by 19% when the applied E was 5 kV/cm and t was 80 min. However, the R_f decreased by 71% as the E increased to 15 kV/cm under the same contact time. The correlation between E and t that needed for 20% of R_f reduction was modeled based on kinetics. The model equation, E^1.54t = 1.2 × 10³ was obtained by the membrane filtration data that were obtained with and without HVI induction. The equation states the products of En and t is always constant, which means that the required contact time can be reduced in accordance with the increase of E.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.5-15
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• 2021

The effects of heat treatments (T6 and T73) on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and high cycle fatigue behavior of modified AA7075 alloys were investigated. A modified 7075 alloy was manufactured using modified-Mg (Mg-Al2Ca) instead of the conventional element Mg. Based on the microstructure, the average grain size was 4.5 ㎛ (T6) and 5.2 ㎛ (T73). Regardless of heat treatment, the modified AA7075 alloys consisted of Al matrix containing homogeneously distributed Al2CuMg and MgZn2 phases with reduced Fe-intermetallic compound. Room temperature tensile tests showed that the properties of modified 7075-T6 (Y.S.: 622MPa, T.S: 675MPa, elongation: 15.4%) were superior to those of T73 alloy (Y.S.: 492MPa, T.S: 548MPa, elongation: 12.8%). Experimental data show that the fatigue life of T6 was 400 MPa, about 64% of its yield strength. However, the fatigue life of T73 alloy was 330 MPa and 67%. Irrespective of the stress level, all crack initiation points were located on the specimen surface, and no inclusions acting as stress concentrators were seen. Superior mechanical properties and high cycle fatigue behavior of modified AA7075-T6 alloy are attributed to the fine grains and homogeneous distribution of small second phases such as MgZn2 and Al2CuMg, in addition to reduced Fe-intermetallic compounds.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.258-264
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• 2015

This study was conducted to evaluate emulsion mapping between emulsion stability and cooking yields, apparent viscosity, and hardness of reduced-fat pork emulsion systems. The reduced-fat emulsion systems were supplemented with different lipid types and brown rice bran fiber (BRF) concentrations. Compared to the control with 30% back fat, lower emulsion stability and higher cooking yield of meat emulsion systems were observed in T1 (30% back fat+1% BRF), T2 (30% back fat+2% BRF), T3 (30% back fat+3% BRF), T4 (30% back fat+6% BRF), and T15 (10% back fat+10% canola oil+2% BRF). Lower emulsion stability and higher apparent viscosity were observed in T1, T2, T3, T4, and T8 (20% back fat+3% BRF) compared to the control. Lower emulsion stability and higher hardness was detected in all treatments compared with the control, except T5 (20% back fat), T10 (10% back fat+10% canola oil+2% BRF), T11 (10% back fat+10% olive oil+2% BRF), T12 (10% back fat+10% grape seed oil+2% BRF), and T13 (10% back fat+10% soybean oil+2% BRF). This approach has been found particularly useful for highlighting differences among the emulsified properties in emulsion meat products. Thus, the results obtained with emulsion mapping are useful in making emulsified meat products of desired quality characteristics, partially replacing pork back fat with a mix of 10% back fat, 10% canola oil and 2% BRF was most similar to the control with 30% pork back fat.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.233-239
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of compression clothing on the body shape of the human subjects. Thirty seven healthy females being overweighted with local adiposity on the buttocks and legs between the ages of 20's to 50's were used as the human subjects for the study. The selected subjects wore the compression clothing during 60 days by 8 hours a day. At the start(T0), after 30(T30) and after 60 days of treatment(T60), a cutaneous echography was measured on the right trochanter area of each volunteer in order to assess the thickness of the subcutaneous fatty tissue. At the start(T0), after 30(T30) and after 60 days of treatment(T60), the body weight of each volunteer was taken and the instrumental variations of skinfold measurements of the abdominal fold and inner thigh circumference of the waist, hips and thigh were conducted. The results show that the echography and weight loss of subjects were reduced to 8.34% and 2.08% after 60 days, respectively. Moreover, the skinfold of subjects was also reduced. Finally, skin elastometry of subjects increased.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.171-176
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• 2006

A strictly aerobic, non-motile, ovoid-shaped Alphaproteobacteria, designated strain $JC2049^T$ was isolated from a tidal flat sediment sample. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that this isolate belonged to the genus Thalassobius, with a sequence similarity of 96.9-97.3% to other valid Thalassobius spp. The cells required 1-7% NaCl for growth (optimum 2%) and accumulated $poly-\beta-hydroxybutyrate$. Nitrite was reduced to nitrogen, but nitrate was not reduced to nitrite. No genetic potential for aerobic anoxygenic photosynthesis was detected. The primary isoprenoid quinone (Ubiquinone-10), predominant cellular fatty acids $(C_{18:1}{\omega}7c,\;11\;methyl\;C_{18:1}\omega7c\;and\;C_{16:0})$ and DNA G+C content (61 mol %) were all consistent with the assignment of this isolate to the genus Thalassobius. Several phenotypic characteristics clearly distinguished our isolate from other Thalassobius species. The degree of genomic relatedness between strain $JC2049^T$ and other Thalassobius species was in a range of 20-43 %. The polyphasic data presented in this study indicates that our isolate should be classified as a novel species within the genus Thalassobius. The name Thalassobius aestuarii sp. novo is therefore proposed for this isolate; the type strain is $JC2049^T(=IMSNU\;14011^T=KCTC\;12049^T=DSM\;15283^T)$.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.43 no.11
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• pp.921-934
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• 2020

Lck-interacting transmembrane adaptor 1 (LIME) has been previously identified as a raft-associated transmembrane protein expressed predominantly in T and B lymphocytes. Although LIME is shown to transduce the immunoreceptor signaling and immunological synapse formation via its tyrosine phosphorylation by Lck, a Src-family kinase, the in vivo function of LIME has remained elusive in the previous studies. Here we report that LIME is preferentially expressed in effector T cells and mediates chemokine-mediated T cell migration. Interestingly, in LIME^-/- mice, while T cell receptor stimulation-dependent proliferation, differentiation to effector T cells, cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) function and regulatory T lymphocyte (Treg) function were normal, only T cell-mediated inflammatory response was significantly defective. The reduced inflammation was accompanied by the impaired infiltration of leukocytes and T cells to the inflammatory sites of LIME^-/- mice. More specifically, the absence of LIME in effector T cells resulted in the reduced migration and defective morphological polarization in response to inflammatory chemokines such as CCL5 and CXCL10. Consistently, LIME^-/- effector T cells were found to be defective in chemokine-mediated activation of Rac1 and Rap1, and dysregulated phosphorylation of Pyk2 and Cas. Taken together, the present findings show that LIME is a critical regulator of inflammatory chemokine-mediated signaling and the subsequent migration of effector T cells to inflammatory sites.