• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.140-148
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• 1992

복합적층판은 일반적으로 이방성이고 전단탄성계수의 인장탄성계수에 대한 비가 강판등 일반 구조용 판재와 비교하여 상당히 작다. 따라서 동특성해석은 원칙적으로 이방성 후판이론에 기초하는 것이 타당하다. 또 판의 주변 경계조건은 단순지지와 고정의 중간상태일 때가 많다. 본 연구에서는 4변이 회전에 대해 탄성구속된 대칭 복합적층 직사각형 판의 진동해석에 대해 이방성 후판이론에 의거하여 정식화하고, 엄밀해를 구하기 어려운 점을 고려하여 Timoshenko 보함수 성질을 갖는 다항식을 이용하는 Rayleigh-Ritz 해석방법을 제시했다. 일련의 수치계산 예를 통해 기존의 다른 방법에 의한 연구결과들과 비교하므로써 전기해석방법의 유용성이 검증되었다. 또한, 이방성 복합적층판의 경우에는 nodal line이 매우 휘어진 양태이며, 보다 정확한 해석을 위해서는 진동파형가정에 있어서 직교이방성인 경우보다 더 많은 항수를 취할 필요가 있음이 확인되었다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.105-119
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• 2015

Structural damage detection using modal strain energy (MSE) is one of the most efficient and reliable structural health monitoring techniques. However, some of the existing MSE methods have been validated for special types of structures such as beams or steel truss bridges which demands improving the available methods. The purpose of this study is to improve an efficient modal strain energy method to detect and quantify the damage in complex structures at early stage of formation. In this paper, a modal strain energy method was mathematically developed and then numerically applied to a fixed-end beam and a three-story frame including single and multiple damage scenarios in absence and presence of up to five per cent noise. For each damage scenario, all mode shapes and natural frequencies of intact structures and the first five mode shapes of assumed damaged structures were obtained using STRAND7. The derived mode shapes of each intact and damaged structure at any damage scenario were then separately used in the improved formulation using MATLAB to detect the location and quantify the severity of damage as compared to those obtained from previous method. It was found that the improved method is more accurate, efficient and convergent than its predecessors. The outcomes of this study can be safely and inexpensively used for structural health monitoring to minimize the loss of lives and property by identifying the unforeseen structural damages.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.15-22
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• 1999

진동 충격음 흡수성능을 지니는 샌드위치구조 목질 복합재료 제조용 폴리머는 넓은 온도범위(또는 주파수 범위)에서 높은 손실계수를 지니면서, 동시에 $5{\times}10^7\sim-10^9\;dyne/cm^2$의 탄성율을 지녀야 한다. 본실험에서는 이러한 점탄성 거동율 나타내는 고분자재료의 제조를 목적으로 에폭시 수지/아크릴 수지 상호침투망목고분자(IPNs)를 동시망목형성법으로 합성하였다. 고분자의 동적 점탄성은 Rheovibron을 사용하여 110Hz에서 측정하였으며, 복합체의 손실계수 및 동탄성 계수는 Rheovibron을 개조한 양단지지 강제 휨 진동법으로 주파수 110Hz에서 측정하였다. 동력학적 측정 결과, 손실탄성율의 최대값 온도 및 손실계수의 최대값 온도가 이동하고, 유리전이 영역이 확대되어, 이 IPNs계는 부분 상용계임을 알 수 있었다. 특히, 70/30 및 50/50 조성의 Epikote871/P(n-BMA) IPNs는 넓은 온도 범위에서 비교적 높은 손실계수 및 적당한 탄성율을 나타냈다. 또한 이를 적층한 목질 복합체는 넓은 온도 범위에서 비교적 높은 진동흡수 계수를 나타냈다.

• KIEE International Transactions on Electrophysics and Applications
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• 제5C권3호
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• pp.102-110
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• 2005

Piezoelectric transformers(PT) are expected to be small, thin and highly efficient, and which are attractive as a transformer with high power density for step down voltage. For these reasons, we have attempted to develop a step-down PT for the miniaturized adaptor. We propose a PT, operating in thickness extensional vibration mode for step-down voltage. This PT consists of a multi-layered construction in the thickness direction. In order to develop the step-down PT of 10 W class and turn ratio of 0.1 with high efficiency and miniaturization, the piezoelectric ceramics and PT designs are estimated with a variety of characteristics. The basic composition of piezoelectric ceramics consists of ternary yPb(Zr$_{x}$Ti$_{1-x}$)O$_{3}$-(1-y)Pb(Mn$_{1/3}$Nb1$_{1/3}$Sb$_{1/3}$)O$_{3}$. In the piezoelectric characteristics evaluations, at y=0.95 and x=0.505, the electromechanical coupling factor(K$_{p}$) is 58$\%$, piezoelectric strain constant(d$_{33}$) is 270 pC/N, mechanical quality factor(Qr$_{m}$) is 1520, permittivity($\varepsilon$/ 0) is 1500, and Curie temperature is 350 $^{\circ}C$. At y = 0.90 and x = 0.500, kp is 56$\%$, d33 is 250 pC/N, Q$_{m}$ is 1820, $\varepsilon$$_{33}$$^{T}$/$\varepsilon$$_{0}$ is 1120, and Curie temperature is 290 $^{\circ}C$. It shows the excellent properties at morphotropic phase boundary regions. PZT-PMNS ceramic may be available for high power piezoelectric devices such as PTs. The design of step-down PTs for adaptor proposes a multi-layer structure to overcome some structural defects of conventional PTs. In order to design PTs and analyze their performances, the finite element analysis and equivalent circuit analysis method are applied. The maximum peak of gain G as a first mode for thickness extensional vibration occurs near 0.85 MHz at load resistance of 10 .The peak of second mode at 1.7 MHz is 0.12 and the efficiency is 92$\%$.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제28권1A호
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• pp.125-133
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• 2008

사장교의 장대화로 주탑 및 보강형과 더불어 사장 케이블의 동적 안정화에 많은 노력이 요구된다. 사장 케이블에서 동적 불안정은 주로 대칭 1모드와 역대칭 1모드에서 발생되며 대칭 1모드는 역대칭 1모드와 다르게 새그의 영향이 명확하게 나타나므로 기본진동수는 팽팽한 스트링으로부터 얻은 것과 상이한 결과를 제공하게 된다. 이러한 현상에 관해 Irvine, Triantafyllou, 안상섭 등은 해석적 기법을 통해 동적거동 분석을 수행하였다. 이들의 연구는 광범위한 영역의 Irvine Parameter에 대해 중요한 결과를 제시하였으나 특성점(Cross-Over Point 혹은 복합모드 형성점) 이후 영역에 대해서는 상이한 결과를 제시하였고 진동수방정식의 높은 비선형성으로 인해 해가 매우 민감한 난점이 있다. 본 연구는 사장 케이블 동적안정 문제에 주요한 모드들 중 새그의 영향이 가장 높은 대칭 1모드의 기본진동수에 초점을 맞추었으며 일반화된 역학적에너지에 경계조건을 만족시키는 진동형상을 적용하고 Rayleigh-Ritz 방법으로 해석적인 해를 제시하였다. 선행연구들과 다르게 본 연구는 선형적인 해를 제공하며 이에 따른 오차는 특성점 이내에서 3% 미만의 오차를 보였다. 또한, 사장 케이블이나 이에 준한 케이블은 특성점을 넘지 않으므로 공학적으로 충분한 가치를 갖는다고 볼 수 있다. 더불어 대칭 1모드에서 발생되는 갤로핑과 Parametric 공진대역을 분석하여 연구의 활용성을 확인하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제77권1호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2021

This paper deals with damage detection using a Gapped Smoothing Method (GSM) combined with deep learning. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is a model of deep learning. CNN has an input layer, an output layer, and a number of hidden layers that consist of convolutional layers. The input layer is a tensor with shape (number of images) × (image width) × (image height) × (image depth). An activation function is applied each time to this tensor passing through a hidden layer and the last layer is the fully connected layer. After the fully connected layer, the output layer, which is the final layer, is predicted by CNN. In this paper, a complete machine learning system is introduced. The training data was taken from a Finite Element (FE) model. The input images are the contour plots of curvature gapped smooth damage index. A free-free beam is used as a case study. In the first step, the FE model of the beam was used to generate data. The collected data were then divided into two parts, i.e. 70% for training and 30% for validation. In the second step, the proposed CNN was trained using training data and then validated using available data. Furthermore, a vibration experiment on steel damaged beam in free-free support condition was carried out in the laboratory to test the method. A total number of 15 accelerometers were set up to measure the mode shapes and calculate the curvature gapped smooth of the damaged beam. Two scenarios were introduced with different severities of the damage. The results showed that the trained CNN was successful in detecting the location as well as the severity of the damage in the experimental damaged beam.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2011

The modal characteristics of a compressor wheel of an automotive turbocharger have been investigated using an experimental method based on an acoustic frequency response function, p/f(${\omega}$), where p is sound pressure radiated from a structure, and f is impact force. First, a well-defined annular disc with narrow radial slots was examined to check whether the vibro-acoustic test could precisely determine natural quencies and vibration modes of structures showing that the vibro-acoustic test proposed in this paper was comparable to the conventional modal test with an accelerometer and the numerical analysis. The conventional method has been found to be inappropriate for compressor wheel because of additional mass due to the accelerometer and additional damping from the accelerometer cable alter the dynamic responses of the wheel blades. odal characteristics of the wheel have been defined using vibro-acoustic test and verified with the results from another conventional method using a laser vibrometer. Natural quencies and mode shapes of a turbocharger wheel, which can't be precisely obtained with onventional method, could be defined accurately without the additional effects from sensor and cable. Proposed method can be applied to small structures where conventional sensors and cables could generate troubles.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.18-26
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 압전체를 전기기계 압전파동방정식과 경계조건을 이용하여 고유치 제로 정식화하고, 3차원 유한요소법을 적용하여 초고주파 대역에서 동작하는 압전박막공진기의 공진모드 및 공진특성을 공진기의 입력 임피던스를 통하여 해석하였다. 이를 통하여 1차원 해석에서는 불가능하였던 공진기의 전극형상과 상, 하부 전극의 비대칭 구조에 따른 공진특성과 스퓨리어스특성을 추출하였다. 본 논문에서 제안한 방법으로 계산된 공진주파수를 Mason 등기모델 해석결과 및 실제 제작한 ZnO 압전박막공진기의 공진 특성과 비교한 결과 정확하게 일치함을 확인하였다. 또한 두께진동모드로 동작하기 위한 최적의 길이와 두께의 비가 20 : 1이고 최소한의 길이와 두께의 비가 5:1 이상임을 알 수 있었다.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2015

Traditionally, it is not easy to carry out tests to identify modal parameters from existing railway bridges because of the testing conditions and complicated nature of civil structures. A six year (2007-2012) research program was conducted to monitor a group of 25 railway bridges. One of the tasks was to devise guidelines for identifying their modal parameters. This paper presents the experience acquired from such identification. The modal analysis of four representative bridges of this group is reported, which include B5, B15, B20 and B58A, crossing the Caraj$\acute{a}$s railway in northern Brazil using three different excitations sources: drop weight, free vibration after train passage, and ambient conditions. To extract the dynamic parameters from the recorded data, Stochastic Subspace Identification and Frequency Domain Decomposition methods were used. Finite-element models were constructed to facilitate the dynamic measurements. The results show good agreement between the measured and computed natural frequencies and mode shapes. The findings provide some guidelines on methods of excitation, record length of time, methods of modal analysis including the use of projected channel and harmonic detection, helping researchers and maintenance teams obtain good dynamic characteristics from measurement data.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.938-941
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• 2001

A tool holder system has been designed and builted to measure cutting forces in diamond turning. This system design includes a 3-component piezo-electric tranducer. Initial experiments with tool holder system included verification of its predicted dynamic characteristics as well as a detailed study of cutting parameters. In this research, tool holder system is modeled by considering the element dividing, material properties, and boundary conditions using MSC/PATRAN. Mode and frequency analysis of structure is simulated by MSC/NASTRAN, for the purpose of developing the effective design. In addition, tool holder system is verified by vibration test using accelerometer. Many cutting experiments have been conducted on 6061-T6 aluminum. Tests have involved investigation of velocity effects, and the effects of depth and feedrate on tool force. Cutting velocity has been determined to have negligible effects between 4 and 21㎧.(6) Forces generally increase with increasing depth of cut. Increasing feedrate does not necessarily lead to higher forces. Results suggest that a sample model may not be sufficient to describe the forces produced in the diamond turning process.