• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.301-308
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• 2012

In fascioliasis, T-helper 2 (Th2) responses predominate, while little is known regarding early immune phenomenon. We herein analyzed early immunophenotype changes of BALB/c, C57BL/6, and C3H/He mice experimentally infected with 5 Fasciola hepatica metacercariae. A remarkable expansion of $CD19^+$ B cells was observed as early as week 1 post-infection while $CD4^+/CD8^+$ T cells were down-regulated. Accumulation of $Mac1^+$ cells with time after infection correlated well with splenomegaly of all mice strains tested. The expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ mRNA in splenocytes significantly decreased while that of IL-4 up-regulated. IL-$1{\beta}$ expression was down-modulated in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice, but not in C3H/He. Serum levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-${\beta}$ were considerably elevated in all mice during 3 weeks of infection period. These collective results suggest that experimental murine fascioliasis might derive immune suppression with elevated levels of TGF-${\beta}$ and IL-4 during the early stages of infection.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2019년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.8-8
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• 2019

The stringent response (SR) is characterized as a bacterial defense mechanism in response to various growth-inhibiting stresses. It is activated by accumulation of a small nucleotide regulator, (p)ppGpp, and induces global changes in bacterial transcription and translation. Recent work from our group has shown that (p)ppGpp plays a critical role in virulence and survival in Vibrio cholerae. The genes, relA and relV, are involved in the production of (p)ppGpp, while the spoT gene encodes an enzyme that hydrolyzes it in V. cholerae. A mutant strain defective in (p)ppGpp production (i.e. ${\Delta}relA{\Delta}relV{\Delta}spoT$ mutant) lost the ability to produce cholera toxin (CT) and lost their viability due to uncontrolled production of organic acids, when grown with extra glucose. In contrast, the ${\Delta}relA{\Delta}spoT$ mutant, a (p)ppGpp overproducer strain, produced enhanced level of CT and exhibited better growth in glucose supplemented media via glucose metabolic switch from organic fermentation to acetoin, a neutral fermentation end product, fermentation. These findings indicates that (p)ppGpp, in addition to its well-known role as a SR mediator, positively regulates CT production and maintenance of growth fitness in V. cholerae. This implicates SR as a promising drug target, inhibition of which may possibly downregulate V. cholerae virulence and survival fitness. Therefore, we screened a chemical library and identified a compound that induces medium acidification (termed iMAC) and thereby loss of wild type V. cholerae viability under glucose-rich conditions. Further, we present a potential mechanism by which the compound inhibits (p)ppGpp accumulation. Together, these results indicate that iMAC treatment causes V. cholerae cells to produce significantly less (p)ppGpp, an important regulator of the bacterial virulence and survival response, and further suggesting that it has a therapeutic potential to be developed as a novel antibacterial agent against cholera.

• 정보처리학회논문지:컴퓨터 및 통신 시스템
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• 제5권12호
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• pp.463-470
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• 2016

최근 MAC 시스템의 점유율 증가로 MAC 기반 디지털 포렌식 기술의 필요성이 증대되고 있다. 디지털 포렌식 분석 과정에서 시스템 사용자가 의도적으로 증거를 삭제한 경우, 시스템에서 삭제된 파일을 복구하여 혐의를 입증하기도 한다. 이를 위해 파일시스템으로부터 삭제된 파일을 복구하기 위한 연구가 꾸준히 이루어져 왔으며, MAC 기반 파일시스템인 HFS+ 또한 이에 대한 연구가 수행되어왔다. HFS+의 운영 및 구조적 특성상 파일이 삭제되면 해당 파일의 메타데이터가 다른 파일 또는 폴더의 메타데이터에 의해 삭제되기 때문에 주로 시그니처를 활용한 카빙 기법이 사용되어왔다. 하지만 File Content가 파일시스템 상에 분할되어 저장되는 경우, 카빙 기법 또한 파일의 일부분만을 복구하거나 파일 전체를 복구할 수 없었다. 본 논문에서는 HFS+ 저널을 이용한 삭제된 파일의 복구 기법에 대해 소개한다. 이는 기존 연구를 통해 제안된 기법으로 HFS+ 저널에 남아있는 메타데이터를 이용하여 삭제된 파일을 복구하는 기법이다. 하지만 해당 기법은 특정 파일이 복구 대상에서 배제되기 때문에 이에 대한 개선의 여지가 남아있다. 본 연구에서는 HFS+ 저널을 상세히 분석할 수 있는 알고리즘을 제시한다. 또한 해당 알고리즘을 기반으로 추출한 메타데이터를 통해 복구 대상에서 배제되는 파일 없이 삭제된 파일을 복구할 수 있음을 실험을 통해 입증한다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:컴퓨팅의 실제 및 레터
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.341-351
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• 2008

다수의 센서 노드들이 임의의 장소에 불규칙하게 위치하는 비정형적 환경에서의 무선 센서 네트워크에서는 일반적으로 센서 노드들이 수집한 데이타가 싱크 노드 방향으로만 전송되기 때문에 단방향이라고 할 수 있다. 이런 센서 네트워크에서는 통신이 한쪽 방향으로만 이루어지기 때문에 어떤 특이 데이타가 수신되었을 때 이에 대한 재확인 명령의 전송이 어려우며 따라서 이에 대한 사후 대책 수립이 곤란하다. 이 논문에서는 TDMA에 기반한 단방향 무선 데이타 전송 프로토콜인 WSLP(Wireless Sensor Line Protocol)을 양방향 통신이 가능하도록 확장한 BiWSLP(Biredictional WSLP)를 제안하고 이를 구현한다. 또한 제안한 BiWSLP의 기능을 평가하고 검증하기 위하여, 센서 노드를 통한 데이타 수집뿐만 아니라 노드들에게 명령을 전송하여 노드들의 동작을 제어하는 기능을 가지고 있는 가상 교량 관리 시스템을 구축하고 운영한 결과를 제시한다. 또한 가상 교량 관리 시스템을 운영 결과를 바탕으로 에너지 효율 및 양방향 통신 가능성의 관점에서 BiWSLP의 효용성을 보인다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.765-771
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• 1999

Unlike most Escherichia coli strains, E coli O157 : H7 didn't ferment sorbitol within 24h of incubation and showed a negative reaction for $\beta$-glucuronidase. We developed a new medium for the rapid isolation of E coli O157 : H7 using sorbitol MacConkey agar with cefixime, potassium tellurite and 4-methylumbelliferyl-${\beta}$-D-glucuronide (MUG) as a primary plating medium. The addition of $20{\mu}g/ml$ of vancomycin in enrichment broth for E coli O157 : H7 inhibited lots of Gram positive bacteria. Three strains (10.3%) of 29 non-O157 E coli strains and 3 strains (8.3%) of 36 Salmonella spp were inhibited at the $0.05{\mu}g/ml$ of cefixime and 23 strains (79.3%) of 29 non-O157 E coli strains and 12 strains (33.3%) of 36 Salmonella spp were inhibited at the $2.0{\mu}g/ml$ of potassium tellurite. But none of the E coli O157 : H7 was affected at these concentration. The addition of MUG at $100{\mu}g/ml$ level to sorbitol MacConkey agar with cefixime and potassium tellurite (CTM-SMAC) aided in the rapid isolation of E coli O157 : H7 from samples by checking sorbitol-negative and $\beta$-glucuronidase negative phenotypes simultaneously. In conclusion, inoculation of a positive in the O157 screening test from enrichment broth on CTM-SMAC appeared to be a rapid, cost-effective and sensitive method for the isolation of E coli O157 : H7.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2018

Arsenic (As) is one of the elements having most harmful impact on the human health. Arsenic is a known carcinogen and arsenic contamination of drinking water is affecting on humans in many regions of the world. Adsorption has been proved most preferable technique for the removal of arsenic. Many researchers have studied various types of solid materials as arsenic adsorbent, and iron oxide and its modified forms are considered as the most effective adsorbent in terms of adsorption capacity, recovery, and economics. However, most of all iron oxides have small surface area in comparing with common adsorbents in environmental application such as activated carbon but the activated carbon has weak sorption affinity for arsenic. We have used an activated carbon as base adsorbent and iron oxide coating on the activated carbon as high affinity sorption sites and giving magnetic attraction ability. In this study, adsorption properties of arsenic and magnetic separation efficiency of the magnetized activated carbon (MAC) were evaluated with variable iron oxide content. As the iron oxide content of the MAC increased, adsorption capacity has also gradually increased up to a point where clogging by iron oxide in the pore of activated carbon compensate the increased sorption capacity. The increase of iron oxide content of the MAC also affected magnetic properties, which resulted in greater magnetic separation efficiency. Current results show that magnetically modified common adsorbent can be an efficiency improved adsorbent and a feasible environmental process if it is combined with the magnetic separation.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권9호
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• pp.3441-3449
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• 2023

We determined the radiation shielding properties for 10CaO-xPbO-(90-x) deteriorated silica gel (DSG) glass system (x = 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, and 45 mol.%). The mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) has been estimated at photon energies of 74.23, 97.12, 122, 662, 1173, and 1332 keV using a narrow beam X-ray attenuation and transmission experiment, the XCOM program, and a PHITS simulation. The obtained MAC values were applied to estimate the half value layer (HVL), mean free path (MFP), effective atomic number, and effective electron density. Results show that the MAC value of the studied glasses ranges between 0.0549 and 1.4415 cm²/g, increases with the amount of PbO, and decreases with increasing photon energy. The HVL and MFP values decrease with increasing PbO content and increase with increasing photon energy. The recycled glass, with the addition of PbO content (20-45 mol.%), exhibited excellent radiation shielding capabilities compared to standard barite and ferrite concretes and some glass systems. Moreover, the experimental radiation shielding parameters agree with the XCOM and PHITS values. This study suggests that this new waste-recycled glass is an effective and cost-saving candidate for X-ray and gamma-ray shielding applications.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.341-357
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• 2018

We examine various dualities over the fields of even orders, giving new dualities for additive codes. We relate the MacWilliams relations and the duals of ${\mathbb{F}}_{2^{2s}}$ codes for these various dualities. We study self-dual codes with respect to these dualities and prove that any subgroup of order $2^s$ of the additive group is a self-dual code with respect to some duality.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2003년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집 II
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• pp.843-846
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• 2003

In this paper, we have analyzed algorithm of physical layer, data link layer and MAC layer of Out-Of-Band (OOB) specified in the OpenCabl $e^{TM}$SCTE-55-2 2002$^{[3]}$ and designed architecture of the OOB processor. The OOB processor performs fundamental multiple access control for the OOB channel and extracts session key information from a EMM packet for descrambling MPEG-2 streams. In this paper, we have implemented a prototype board for the DVS167 OOB processor and verified it.t.

• 전자통신동향분석
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• 제20권6호통권96호
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• pp.110-121
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• 2005

LAN에서 사용되던 이더넷 기술은 단순성과 낮은 투자/운용 비용으로 인하여 WAN/MAN 영역으로까지 사용이 급속도로 확산되고 있다. 캐리어급 이더넷 OAM 기술은LAN 중심의 이더넷 기술을 캐리어급 망에서 사용할 수 있게 해주는 주요 기술로IEEE, ITU-T, MEF 등 표준화 기구에서 이에 대한 표준화가 진행되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 크게 PHY 계층과 MAC 계층의 두 부분으로 구성된 이더넷에서 단일 링크 상에서 발생하는 동작들을 처리하는 ETY 계층 OAM 기술과 다중 링크로 연결된 이더넷 경로상에서 발생하는 동작들을 처리하는 ETH 계층 OAM에 대한 기술을 분석하여 정리한다.