• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.57-62
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• 2012

Background and Purpose : This study was to analysis effects of muscle fatigue on error of elbow joint sense. Methods : A total 19 healthy student(men = 10, women = 9) who did't have any problem of musculoskeletal system in upper extremities participated this study. we divided two groups into young group(n = 10, $19.67{\pm}.5$) and old group(n = 9, $28.56{\pm}1.5$). In order to evoke muscle fatigue of elbow flexor, we used Biodex, and participations performed concentric contraction of elbow flexor 150 numbers as well as we measured error of joint sense using by Biodex. We collected data just after, 30min, 2hour, 24hour after evoked muscle fatigue, and we finanlly acquired average value of three times measured joint sense of elbow joint. And we calculated value of percentage of error of joint sense. We analyzed collected data by repeated ANOVA, ANOVA using by SPSS ver.12.0 program. Result : This study showed that there was no significantly effects between groups and within groups, we could see that there was significantly difference among duration by each group of age, and sex(p<.05). Conclusion : The error of joint position sense presented highest value just period after evoked muscle fatigue compared after 30 min, 2 hours, 24 hours, and we can't find out interaction between duration and age and sex.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.25 no.9
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• pp.1325-1333
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• 2001

Critical defects in pressure vessels and pipes are generally found in the form of a semi-elliptical surface crack, and the analysis of which is consequently an important problem in engineering fracture mechanics. Furthermore, in addition to the traditional single parameter K or J-integral, the second parameter like T-stress should be measured to quantify the constraint effect. In this work, the validity of the line-spring finite element is investigated by comparing line-spring J-T solutions to the reference 3D finite element J-T solutions. A full 3D-mesh generating program for semi-elliptical surface cracks is employed to provide such reference 3D solutions. Then some structural characteristics of the surface-cracked T and L-joints are studied by mixed mode line-spring finite element. Negative T-stresses observed in T and L-joints indicate the necessity of J-T two parameter approach for analyses of surface-cracked T and L-joints.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.103-108
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• 2016

This study examined the effectiveness of the multitransmit parallel technique on the MRI scan time reduction by removing the dielectric effect. The T1 and T2 weighted images of the patients' hip joint were acquired with and without a multitransmit technique. The ROIs were located in the head of femur and iliopsoas muscle. The SNR, CNR and scan time were measured and compared. There was no difference in the images with and without multitransmit. In contrast, the acquisition time was decreased by 42.8% in T1WI and 49.7% in T2WI. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that significant scan time reductions can be accomplished without any differences in the image quality in hip joint MRI by applying the multitransmit parallel technique. Furthermore, the multitranstmit technique is useful in other body parts to resolve the long scan time of an MRI examination.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.63-71
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• 2000

The authors assessed if there is a relationship between joint effusion and the presence of pain, and between joint effusion and disc displacement in 446 temporomandibular joints of 223 subjects who visited the Department of Oral Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital with the complaints of temporomandibular joint problem. The amount of joint effusion and the position of disc were determined from magnetic resonance images of the temporomandibular joints. The position of disc was classified into normal disc position, disc displacement with reduction (DDWR), and disc displacement without reduction (DDWOR). The amount of joint effusion was graded according to the extent of joint area of high signal intensity on T2-weighted MR images. These findings were correlated with one another and statistically analyzed. The results were as follows; 1. The incidence of temporomandibular joint pain Was higher in the joints with higher amount of joint effusion (P<0.001). 2. The proportion of temporomandibular joints with higher amount of effusion increased in the joints with more advanced articular disc displacement (P<0.001).

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 2003

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution and frequency of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) effusion in magnetic resonance (MR) images of patients with disc displacements. Materials and Methods: On T2 weighted MR images of 148 TMJs taken from 74 patients presenting with TMJ pain and dysfunction, we assessed the cases showing TMJ effusion, defined as an amount of fluid that exceeded the maximum amount seen in a control group of asymptomatic volunteers. The amount of TMJ fluid was graded as: I (none or minimal), II (moderate), III (marked), and IV (extensive), according to a standard set by a reference. Disc displacement categories were also recorded. Results: Of the 148 TMJs examined in this study, 52 joints (35.1%) presented with joint effusion, 24 (16.2%) showing bilateral joint effusion. 38 joints showed upper joint space effusion, 3 showed lower joint space effusion, and 11 showed both upper and lower joint space effusion. 96 joints (64.9%) had grade I joint fluid, 27 (18.2%) grade II, 15 (10.1 %) grade III, and 10 (6.8%) grade IV. 80.0% of the joints presenting with grade IV effusion showed disc displacement without reduction. Conclusion: Joint effusion was found not only in upper, but also in lower joint spaces. The higher the effusion grade, the greater the frequency of disc displacement without reduction.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.311-318
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• 2002

This paper described the ultimate strength and deformation limit of welded T-joints in cold-formed square hollow sections. Previous studies showed that the strength of a T-joint still increases with increasing deformations at a ratio of branch width to chord width (${\beta}$) of below 0.8. Therefore, the strength at a certain deformation (chord flange indentation) limit can be regarded as the ultimate strength of a T-joint. The chord flange failure modes were investigated for the ratio of branch width to chord width (${\beta}$) and the ratio of chord width to chord web thickness (B/T). Experimental results including tests done by Kato proposed a deformation limit of 3%B for $16.7{\leq}B/T{\leq}41.6$ and $0.27{\leq}{\beta}{\leq}0.8$. The strength formula of CIDECT and other researchers were compared with the test results. Finally, the strength formula based on yield-line theory was proposed.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.177-186
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• 2022

A network QoS model for the joint integrated C4I structure was proposed for the integration of network infrastructure and network operations(NetOps) for NCOE. Detailed QoS requirements process of the joint integrated C4I systems are needs in the Multi-Domain Operation Environment(MDOE). A process is proposed for identifying QoS requirements and establishing in the MDOE using JMT(Joint Mission Thread) reference architecture and solution architecture. Mission analysis identify JCOAs(Joint Critical Operational Activities) and related activities based on JMT & System architecture's OVs, and Information analysis identify QoS attributes using System architecture's SVs. Identifying QoS attributes will be registered at PPS Registry by pre-regulated process, and will be set-up by NetOps. MDOE QoS requirement Process will support efficiently MUM-T and smart defense platform users under the future uncertain battlefield circumstances.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.545-562
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• 1995

The purpose of this paper was to provide the understanding of theory, technique, clinical use about arthro kinematic approach. Difference between AKA and Joint mobilization was seen through Table 1, and the relation between AKA and Athro kinematics was seen through Table 2. Examples of AKA techniques were as follow ; 1. Cervical intervertebral joint, left $C_{2/3}$ 2. Thoracic intervertebral joint, left $T_{5/6}$ 3. Sacroiliac joint, left (1) Nutation-upward gliding (2) Nutation-downward gliding (3) Superior distraction (4) Inferior distraction 4. 1st. costovertebral joint, left 5. 2nd. sternocostal joint, left 6. AKA-streching exercise 7. AKA - resistive exercise Symptoms, diagnosis, treatment were discribed for clinical use, and they were expected further that clinical application of AKA might clarify many of joint dysfunction.

• TTA Journal
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• s.43
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• pp.129-149
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• 1996

본 고에서는 Global Information Infrastructure (GII) 구축을 위하여 국제 표준화기구인 ITU, ISO, IEC 간에 최근 활동현황에 대하여 소개한다. 이를 위해 지난 1996년 1월 17-19일간에 열린 Global Information Infrastructure (GII)를 위하여 ITU-T 내에 Joint Rapporteur Group(JRG)회의 결과와 1월 24-26일간에 열린 ISO/IEC/ITU International GII 세미나에서 논의된 주요 결과를 정리한다. 먼저 ITU-T JRG 회의는 차기 연구회기(1997년-2000년)동안에 GII 표준화 절차와 기술적인 이슈를 ITU-T SG13을 중심으로 모든 ITU-T 스터디 그룹이 나누어서 진행해야될 업무를 정리하는 것이며 이는 1996년 10월에 개최될 WTSC에 제출할 예정이다. 다음으로 ISO/IEC/ITU International GII 세미나는 GII와 관련된 ITU, ISO, IEC 소속의 약 100여개의 표준화 그룹이 모여서 국제적으로 효과적인 작업을 하기 위한 방안을 모색하기 위하여 개최된 세미나이다. 여기는 통신망 관련하여 ITU, 상위 데이터 서비스와 관련된 ISO, 그리고 가전기기 및 단말장치와 관련된 IEC가 공통의 정보 하부구조의 건설을 위하여 더 이상 각기 표준화를 진행해서는 안 된다는 인식을 바탕으로 한 것이다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.585-596
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• 2017

Tubular joints have been widely used in offshore platforms and space structures due to their merits such as easy fabrication, aesthetic appearance and better static strength. For existing tubular joints, a grouted sleeve reinforced method was proposed in this paper. Experimental tests on five tubular T-joints reinforced with the grouted sleeve and two conventional tubular T-joints were conducted to investigate their mechanical behaviour. A constant axial compressive force was applied to the chord end to simulate the compressive state of the chord member during the tests. Then an axial compressive force was applied to the top end of the brace member until the collapse of the joint specimens occurred. The parameters investigated herein were the grout thickness, the sleeve length coefficient and the sleeve construction method. The failure mode, ultimate load, initial stiffness and deformability of these joint specimens were discussed. It was found that: (1) The grouted sleeve could change the failure mode of tubular T-joints. (2) The grouted sleeve was observed to provide strength enhancement up to 154.3%~172.7% for the corresponding un-reinforced joint. (3) The initial stiffness and deformability were also greatly improved by the grouted sleeve. (4) The sleeve length coefficient was a key parameter for the improved effect of the grouted sleeve reinforced method.