• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.359-366
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• 2016

Exosome, a small vesicle secreted from cells, has diverse functions depending on cell origins and tissue types and plays a important role in cell viability and intercellular communication. Recently, many researchers have demonstrated the use of exosomes for the treatment of cancers and immune diseases, and the development of diagnostic biomarker. However, the secretion mechanism of exosome from skin cell and its physiological functions in skin remain unclear. Thus, this study aimed to explore whether keratinocyte-derived exosome affects proliferation and migration in HaCaTs. Exosomes were isolated from HaCaTs by ExoQuick-TC and then boiled or unbolied. Boiled and unboiled exosome induced proliferation in HaCaTs in a dose-dependant manner ($0.1{\sim}20{\mu}g/mL$), respectively. Boiled and unboiled exosome at concentration of $20{\mu}g/mL$ increased proliferation level in HaCaTs by $186.96{\pm}3.87%$ and $193.48{\pm}10.48%$ compared with control group. Unboiled exosome stimulated migration in HaCaTs in a dose-dependent manner ($0.1{\sim}20{\mu}g/mL$), which reached a maxium at concentration of $20{\mu}g/mL$ ($179.39{\pm}4.89%$ of control), but boiled exosome did not affect HaCaT migration. In addition, unboiled exosome ($0.1{\sim}20{\mu}g/mL$) dose-dependently stimulated sprout outgrowth in HaCats. These results demonstrate that in exosome from HaCaTs, heat-stable components such as lipid may induce HaCaT proliferation and heat-unstable components such as protein may stimulate migration and sprout outgrowth in HaCaTs, thereby leading to reepithelialization and skin-wound healing activities. It is concluded that exosomes from HaCaTs may be used as cosmetic materials.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.161-167
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of methanolic extract from perilla (Perilla frutescens Britt var. japonica) leaves (PLME) on oxidative injury from hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) in human HaCaT keratinoctyes. Cells were co-incubated with various concentrations (0~200 ${\mu}g/mL$) of PLME for 24 hr, and then exposed to $H_2O_2$ (500 ${\mu}M$) for 4 hr. $H_2O_2$ significantly decreased cell viability (p<0.05). However, PLME provided protection from $H_2O_2$-induced HaCaT cell oxidation in a dose-dependent manner. To further investigate the protective effects of PLME on $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress in HaCaT cells, the cellular levels of lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzymes (including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) and catalase (CAT)) were measured. PLME decreased cellular levels of lipid peroxidation, and also increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes. In addition, the antioxidant activities of PLME were also determined by DPPH and hydroxyl (${\cdot}OH$) radical scavenging assay, and major antioxidant compounds of PLME were measured by colorimetric methods. DPPH and ${\cdot}OH$ radical scavenging activities of PLME increased in a dose dependent manner and was similar to the DPPH scavenging activity of ascorbic acid at 50 ${\mu}g/mL$; however PLME activities were stronger than ascorbic acid (50 ${\mu}g/mL$) in the ${\cdot}OH$ scavenging assay. The amounts of antioxidant compounds, including total polyphenolics, total flavonoids, and total ascorbic acid from PLME were $52.2{\pm}1.1$ mg gallic acid (GAE)/g, $33.7{\pm}4.7$ mg rutin (RUE)/g, and $17.0{\pm}0.5$ mg ascorbic acid (AA)/g, respectively. These results suggest that PLME has a strong free radical-scavenging activity and a protective effect against $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress in the keratinocytes.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.254-261
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• 1996

Attenuated varicella-zoster virus (VZV) was propagated in human lung fibroblast (HLF) cells Among media tested in this work, DMEM was the best medium for the growth of HLF cells. Because HLF was a normal finite cell line, cell growth late was dependent on the age of HLF cells. When the population doubling level (PDL) was higher than 46, apoptosis of HLF cells started and cell growth rate decreased. The optimum temperature for the cell growth and virus propagation in the T-flask culture was $37^{\circ}C$. In a microcarrier culture system in which Cytodex-3 was used for the VZV propagation in spinner vessels, the yield of plaque forming cells was lower than that in the T-flask culture. The relatively high shear environment near microcarriers was thought to cause the low yield of VZV in the microcarrier culture system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.137-142
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• 2016

We investigated the anti-proliferative effects of solar salt and purified salt (PS) on HepG2 human hepatocellular cancer cells as well as their effects on mRNA and protein expression of apoptosis- and cell cycle-related genes, including Bcl-2, Bax, p53, and p21. Each salt sample suppressed cancer cell proliferation when treated at a concentration of 0.5% or 1%. Especially solar salt from T salt field (SS-T) and solar salt from Y salt field (SS-Y) significantly suppressed proliferation of cancer cells in comparison with PS. Treatment of HepG2 cells with salt samples at a concentration of 1% suppressed expression of Bcl-2 and promoted expression of Bax, p53, and p21 at the mRNA and protein levels in comparison with the control group. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) showed that SS-T and SS-Y had higher concentrations of Ca, Mg, S, and K than PS, and SS-T contained higher concentrations of these minerals than SS-Y. It seems that Na and mineral contents in solar salt may contribute to regulation of the genes. Taken together, salt, especially mineral rich solar salt, inhibits cancer cell growth by regulating apoptosis and cell cycle-related genes.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.207-216
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• 2024

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease caused by both genetic and environmental factors. Fludarabine is a selective inhibitor of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1). Recently, STAT1 inhibitors have been considered potential treatments for SLE, due to the relationship between its pathogenesis and STAT1 pathway-mediated cytokines such as interferons. In the current study, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of fludarabine in an SLE animal model and explored its effects on T cell responses. 12-week-old C57BL/6 mice with topically administered R848 exhibited lupus-like phenotypes. Disease activity, such as proteinuria, autoantibody levels, immunoglobulin titers, the histological score, and C3 deposition, greatly improved with fludarabine treatment. In addition, fludarabine inhibited CD4⁺ T cells and T helper 1 (Th1) cells in the spleen and significantly decreased the differentiation of Th1 cells in vitro. These results indicate that Th1 cells play a critical role in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis (LN). Thus, fludarabine exerted therapeutic effects on lupus animal models by suppressing Th1 cells via STAT1 inhibition. We propose that targeting STAT1 signaling using fludarabine could be an effective therapy for treating LN.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.70-76
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• 2001

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease characterized by a chronic inflammatory process, primarily involving the synovial membrane of peripheral j oints, where T cell activation is found. To address the superantigen stimulation in rheumatoid arthritis, T cell clonality and the expression of activation markers were analyzed. Methods: To detect TCRB V usage, inverse PCR and sequencing were done. Monoclonal antibodies were used for flow cytometric analysis of TCRBV8 or TCRBV5. As results, a restricted usage of TCRBV3 gene was detected in synovial lymphocytes from one rheumatoid arthritis patient. However, preferential usage for TCRB V8, which may be one indicator for stimulation by staphylococcal superantigen, was not obvious although general activation of T cells was found as high DR+ percentage in synovial T cells. These data show specific antigen rather than superantigen might involve the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.118-122
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• 2005

Immu-Forte (Dong-Ahm Bio's. Corp., Korea) was evaluated fir its effectiveness as a nonspecific immunostimulator in mice. The effects of Immu-Forte were determined by analysis of cytokines using ELISh and phenotype of leukocyte subpopulations using monoclonal antibodies specific to mouse leukocyte differentiation antigens and flow cytometry. CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, macrophages, IL-12 and IFN-r in Immu-Forte EX-treated middle dose group increased in 3 months posttreatment and were significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of control at 3 months posttreatment. All T cells, all B cells, macrophages, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-12 in Immu-Forte EX-treated low dose uoup increased in 3 months posttreatment and were significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of control at 3 months posttreatment. In the Immu-Forte soy-treated group, CD4 T cells, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-12 were significantly higher in high dose-treated group, and CD 4 T cell, macrophages, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-12 were significantly higher in middle dose-treated group, and all T cell, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-12 were significantly higher in low dose-treated group. In the Itnmu-Forte A-treated group, macrophages, m cells and IL-12 in high dose-treated group and all T cells, macrophages, NK cells, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-12 in middle dose-treated group and NK cells in low dose-treated group were significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of control at 3 months posttreatment. In the Immu-Forte F-treated Group, all B cells, IL-4 and IL-12 in high dose-treated group and all T cells, aBl B cells, CD 4 T cells, CD8 T cells, macrophage, IL-2, IL-4, IL-12 and IFN-r in middle dose-treated group and NK cells and IL-12 in low dose-treated group were significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of control at 3 months posttreatment. In conclusion, the study has demonstrated that Immu-Forte had an immunostimulatory effect on mice through proliferation and activation of mouse immune cells.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.17-20
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• 2001

Cytogenetic characteristics of three species in Centropomidae (Coreoperca herzi, C. kawamebari and Siniperca schezeri) were evaluated, based on karyologcial analysis, erythrocytic measurement and genome size estimation using flow cytometry. Modal chromosome number of three species was same as 2n=48. Karyotypes were 4SM+44A$\cdot$T (NF=52) for Coreoperca herzi, 6SM+42 A$\cdot$T (NF=52) for C. kawamebari and 4SM+44A$\cdot$T (NF=52) for Siniperca schezeri. Heteromorphic sex chromosome was not found in both sexes of any species examined, Cellular and nuclear volumes of Siniperca schezeri were smaller than those of other two species, Average amounts of cellular DNA contents estimated by flow cytometry were well coincided with erythrocytic sizes. The estimated genome sizes were 1.83, 1.85 and 1.44 pg/cell for C. herzi, C. kawamebari and S. schezeri, respectively.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 1997

In vitro somatic mutation induced by ${\gamma}$-radiation and pentachlorophenol(PCP) which is representative of chemical pollutant was measured at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase(hprt) locus in human T- lymphocytes by a cell cloning assay. Mutant cells were selected by their ability to form a clone in the presence of purine analogue 6-thioguanine. The mutant frequencies by ${\gamma}$-irradiation to a dose of 1.0 Gy, 2.0 Gy and 3.0 Gy were 40%, 400% and 750% higher than those in controls. Significant changes were not observed in mutant frequencies in the 0.2 Gy and 0.5 Gy irradiated groups. When the doses of PCP were 15 ppm, 25 ppm and 50 ppm, the mutant frequencies increased by 30%, 90% and 520%, respectively. No changes were observed in the 10 ppm treated group. Similar types of dose-response relationship were shown in the two different mutagens. Reverse transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction technique(RT/PCR) was needed for the mutation spectrum to discriminate combined exposure to radiation and chemicals.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.298-303
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• 2024

This study aimed to examine the potential inhibitory effect of Undaria pinnatfida fermented by Leuconostoc mesenteroides (UFM) on preadipocyte differentiation in the 3T3-L1 cell line. Ethanol extracts from UFM were prepared and tested for cell viability, Oil Red O staining, and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-qPCR) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Treatment of preadipocytes with UFM at different concentrations (50, 100, and 200 ㎍/ml) found that it inhibited lipid accumulation by 66.80%, 61.59%, and 55.94%, respectively. Furthermore, RT-qPCR showed that UFM extract reduced the gene expressions of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBP α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR γ), adipocyte-specific lipid binding protein (aP2), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and ATP citrate lyase (ACL), respectively. These results suggest that UFM can be a beneficial functional ingredient to prevent obesity in the food industry.