• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.8
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• pp.1119-1125
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• 2010

To evaluate resveratrol as a prostate cancer preventive material, we investigated its anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects in RC-58T/h/SA#4 primary human prostate cancer cells. Resveratrol significantly decreased the number of viable RC-58T/h/SA#4 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Resveratrol showed cytotoxicity against RC-58T/h/SA#4, LNCaP, PC-3 human prostate cancer cells with $IC_{50}$ values of 245, 320 and $340\;{\mu}M$, respectively. However the cytotoxic potential of resveratrol against normal RWPE-1 cells was lower ($IC_{50}=982\;{\mu}M$). Resveratrol induced cell death as evidenced by the increased formation of apoptotic bodies, nuclear condensation, sub-G1 phase, and DNA fragmentation. Resveratrol activated initiator caspases 8, and 9 as well as effector caspase 3 in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the general caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk significantly inhibited resveratrol-induced apoptosis compared to cells without treatment. These results clearly indicate that resveratrol-induced apoptosis was dependent on caspase activation. Further, resveratrol modulated the down regulation of Bcl-2 (anti-apoptotic), and Bid. However, the level of Bax (pro-apoptotic) remained unchanged. These results suggest that resveratrol induced apoptosis in RC-58T/h/SA#4 cells via a mitochondrial-mediated caspase-dependent pathway, suggesting therapeutic potential against prostate cancer.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.1164-1170
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• 2019

The present study was carried out to evaluate extracts of Ginko biloba's outer seed coat, their antioxidative effects, and their ability to protect against DNA damage due to hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) treatments in cultured human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells. The bioassays applied for determining the antioxidant effects of a G. biloba outer seed coat water extract (GOSWE) and a G. biloba outer seed coat methanol extract (GOSME) included the DPPH and $H_2O_2$ radical scavenging assays. Our results revealed that GOSME had higher activity than GOSWE against $H_2O_2$ radical scavenging activity in in vitro and in vivo bioassays. Treatment with GOSME significantly increased the viability of $H_2O_2-treated$ HaCaT cells. GOSME's ability to protect against DNA damage was observed via the analysis of plasmids in vitro and genomic DNA in $H_2O_2-treated$ HaCaT cells. According to our data, GOSME is able to protect HaCaT cells from $H_2O_2-induced$ DNA damage and apoptosis by blocking cellular damage related to oxidative stress. In conclusion, our study indicated GOSME might serve as a novel agent for the treatment and prevention of skin disorders caused by oxidative stress.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.135-141
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• 2008

Immunomodulating effect of Salicornia herbacea extract on the mouse splenocytes was investigated. Crude S. herbacea polysaccharide extract (CSP) and other kinds of fine S. herbacea polysaccharides (SPI and SPII) were prepared from S. herbacea by hot water extraction and further ultrafiltration and gel filtration chromatography. In vitro experiment, the mouse splenocytes and separated T cells were treated with CSP, SPI or SPII (0.5, 1, 2, 4 mg/ml). In vivo experiment, three different S. herbacea extracts were orally administrated everyday for one week. For the basic data, body weight and physiological parameters such as organ weight and spleen index were observed. The proliferation of the cells was used as an index for immunemodulating activity and the effect of proliferation was evaluated using MTS assay. The CSP, SPI and SPII directly induced the proliferation of splenocytes and separated T cells in a dose-dependent manner. In results, the proliferation was more increased in the SPI and SPII treated cells than in the CSP treated cells. The best proliferation was shown in the splenocytes cultured with SPI at the concentration of 4 mg/ml for 24 hr. The proliferation of splenocytes and separated T-cells was higher (3.2 and 3.5 times, respectively) than the control. Moreover, when the mouse splenocytes were treated with mitogen, the efficient proliferation was shown in the splenocytes cultured with SPI. In conclusion, polysaccharides from S. herbacea showed a substantial immunomodulating activity in the mouse immune cells.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.104-116
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• 2003

목적 : 시스테인 단백분해 효소인 cathepsin는 인간과 생쥐의 항원제시세포에서 II형 주적합항원 불변사슬(MHC class II invariant chain)의 분해에 관여한다. 본 연구는 녹용 약침액이 류마티스 관절염 생쥐 모델의 골조직(연골과 활액) 유래 cathepsin 활성에 미치는 영향을 검정하였다. 방법 : 관절염 동물모델은 BALb/c계 생쥐를 생후 3일에 흉선 적출(3d-Tx)을 하여 만들었다. 동물모델의 골조직, 임파절세포, 비장 등을 녹용처치군과 대조군으로 나누어 cathepsin의 활성도 및 자가항원 특이(C-II-specific) T-세포의 활성도를 비교 분석하였다. 결과 : 각 장기에서 cathepsin S의 활성은 녹용약침 처치군에서 농도 의존적으로 유의성 있게 억제되었고, T-세포 특이 자가항원반응은 녹용약침 처치군의 임파절 세포에서 유의성있게 억제되었다. 그리고 T-세포 특이 자가항원 반응의 불활성화에는 녹용 10~20ug/ml의 용량으로 충분하였다. 결론 : 이러한 실험결과는 녹용 약침액이 cathepsin S를 선택적으로 억제시켜 류마티스 관절염과 같은 자가면역 질환에 유효한 치료약물로 사용될 수 있음을 시사한다.

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 1996

경구적으로 투여된 항원에 대해서 특이적으로 T세포의 기능과 항체산생이 억제되는 현상이 경구면역관용(oral tolerance)인 것이다. 지금까지 해석이 곤란하였던 이 현상에 대해서 최근 분자생물학적인 기법이 적용되기 시작한 결과, 이 현상에 관여하는 세포가 주로 $CD8^+$ T세포에의한 억제 혹은 $CD4^+$T세포의 불응답(unresponsiveness)에 기인하다는 것이 명백해졌다. 또한 각종 cytokine중 IFN$\gamma$, TGF$\beta$, IL-10 등이 이 현상에 있어 중요한 역할을 담당한다는 것이 밝혀지고 있다. 사실 경구면역관용은 말초면역관용을 야기한다는 것이 오래전부터 알려진 한 방도이다. 경구적으로 투여된 항원이 관용을 야기하는 일차적인 기전은 능동적인 억제의 발생 혹은 clone성 anergy(과민증에 대한 무감증)에 의거하는 것이다. 낮은 량의 경구투여항원은 능동적인 억제를 야기하기 쉬우나 반대로 높은 양의 경구투여항원은 clone성 anergy를 야기하는 경향이 있다. 능동적인 억제를 매개하는 조절세포는 경구면역관용에 의해서 격발된 후 TGF$\beta$및 IL-4와 같은 억제성 cytokine의 분비에 의해서 능동적 억제작용을 한다. 더구나 GALT(gut-associated lymphoid tissue)를 선별적으로 자극하는 항원은 Th2형 세포반응을 발생한다. 또한 이와같은 유도기구의 해석과 동시에 사람에서 면역반응의 이상으로 야기되는 관절 rheumatism이나 다발성경화증(multiple sclerosis) 그리고 각종 allergy도 이 경구면역관용을 이용하여 치료하는 것이 가능하게 되었다는 것이다.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.676-679
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• 2009

In order to produce a new antibiotic material against Jurkat T cells using horizontal gene transfer among microbes, co-cultures between soil bacteria AY2000 and the multiple antibiotic producer S. griseus was carried out. It showed that the highest active substance against Jurkat T cells was produced at 48 hr of co-culture time with MTT assay. Moreover, a morphological change of nuclear of Jurkat T cells treated with co-cultured substance was observed in DAPI staining. This result suggests that a new material was produced with co-culture supernatant, and that co-culture between microboes can develop new antibiotic materials.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.71-75
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• 1980

Antisera to ox red blood cell were prepared by intraperitoneal hypermultiple injections without adjuvant in outbred white rabits. Purified IgG fraction from these rabbits anti-ox red blood cell antiserum for T subset assay was obtained by precipitation with 50% saturated ammonium sulphate followed by DEAE-cellulose chromatography and Sephadex G-150 gel filtration. These purified IgG fraction was compared with Cappel company standard IgG fraction for $T_G$ subpopulation assay. We used home-made IgG fraction and obtained favorable results in $T_G$ subopulation assay as Cappel company standard IgG fraction.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.282-286
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• 1988

Growth kinetic parameters for mass cultivation of Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells are estimated by measuring oxygen uptake rates. It Is found that there is strong correlation between cell growth and oxygen consumption, showing that correlation factor is 0.83. Derived linear model predicts actual cell density very well. It tells that oxygen uptake rate can play important role in indirectly measuring cell density when conventional method of estimating cell density is no longer meaningful due to heavy cell clumpings. Cell yield per oxygen consumption, $Y_{\chi}o$ and mass transfer coefficient for oxygen, Ka are also estimated as 1.26$\times$10$^4$cells/mmole $O_2$ consumed and 1.01/h, respectively. Average specific growth rate over all runs is 2.891/day for CHO cells with producting 2 grams of tPA per day under continuous perfusion operations.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.86-91
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• 2014

Trichoplusia ni cells are used as a host permissive cell line in the baculovirus expression system, which is useful for large-scale production of human sugar transport proteins. However, the activity of endogenous sugar transport systems in insect cells is extremely high. Therefore, the transport activity resulting from the expression of exogenous transporters is difficult to detect. Furthermore, very little is known about the nature of endogenous insect transporters. To exploit the expression system further, the effect of D-fructose on 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2dGlc) transport by T. ni cells was investigated, and T. ni cell-expressed human transporters were photolabeled with [$^3H$] cytochalasin B to develop a convenient method for measuring the biological activity of insect cell-expressed transporters. The uptake of 1 mM 2dGlc by uninfected- and recombinant AcMPV-GTL infected cells was examined in the presence and absence of 300 mM of D-fructose, with and without $20{\mu}M$ of cytochalasin B. The sugar uptake in the uninfected cells was strongly inhibited by fructose but only poorly inhibited by cytochalasin B. Interestingly, the AcMPV-GTL-infected cells showed an essentially identical pattern of transport inhibition, and the rate of 2dGlc uptake was somewhat less than that seen in the non-infected cells. In addition, a sharply labeled peak was produced only in the AcMPV-GTL-infected membranes labeled with [$^3H$] cytochalasin B in the presence of L-glucose. No peak of labeling was seen in the membranes prepared from the uninfected cells. Furthermore, photolabeling of the expressed protein was completely inhibited by the presence of D-glucose, demonstrating the stereoselectivity of labeling.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.3 s.83
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• pp.381-385
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• 2007

Facilitates chromatin transcription (FACT) is a chromatin-specific elongation factor required for transcription of chromatin templates in vivo and in vitro. FACT consists of human homologue of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Spt16/Cdc68 protein (hSpt16) and the high mobility group-1-like protein structure-specific recognition protein-1 (SSRP-1). Here we show that the protein level of hSpt16 is massively down-regulated in quiescent T98C cells using both immunofluorescence and western blot analysis. In contrast, we observe high level of the hspt16 expression in the proliferative T98G cells. Interestingly, the expression of SSRP-1 is not altered in both quiescent and proliferative states. Taken together, our findings implicate that the expression of hSpt16 is associated with the proliferative state and can be used as a proliferation marker.