• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.13-22
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• 2008

Objectives : Aim of this study was to investigate the antihypertensive effect of Gyeok-Pal Sang-Saeng-Yeok-Chim acupuncture treatment in hypertensive patients. Methods : The research subjects were a total of 26 hypertension patients. Eligible participants had systolic blood pressure ${\geq}140mmHg$ or diastolic blood pressure ${\geq}90mmHg$ with antihypertensive drug. Both the experimental and control group were divided into 13 participants respectively with homogeneous consideration. The experimental group had acupuncture treatment, Gyeok-Pal Sang-Saeng-Yeok-Chim, whereas the control group didn't have any treatment. Blood pressure was measured before and after acupuncture treatment for a total of 12 times. Results : After 4 weeks of treatment we could identify a decrease in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in acupuncture, Gyeok-Pal Sang-Saeng-Yeok-Chim, treated group compared to that of control group. The given results by measuring time on blood pressure were as follows: Significant decrease in systolic blood pressure from the $1^{st}$ to $12^{th}$ day of visit(P<0.05) while diastolic blood pressure did not show significant decrease. Conclusions : The results suggest that Gyeok-Pal Sang-Saeng-Yeok-Chim acupuncture treatment is effective in decreasing blood pressure but with statistical restriction compared to that of control group.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.671-680
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• 1999

In order to investigate the relationship between plasma renin activity and metabolism of Ca and Na in blood pressure, the habitual dietary intakes of Na and Ca urinary excretion of Ca, Na and K, and plasma level of renin activity, aldosterone, and indices of Ca metabolism were measured in 27 untreated hypertensive women and 30 age-matched normal women on a free diet. Hypertensive subjects were classified into high renin hypertensive (HH), medium renin hypertensive(HM) and low renin showed no significant difference among normotensive, LH, MH and HM groups. It appeared that 25-(OH) Vit D3 level of HH group was significantly higher than LH group(p<0.05). There was significant difference in habitual intake of Ca between normotensive and LH groups. However, habitual intake of Na showed no significant difference among normotensive, LH, MH and HH group. Positive correlation of systolic and diastolic blood pressure with PTH(r=0.324, r=0.375) and urinary Ca(r=0.496, r=0.278) and a negative correlation of systolic blood pressure with habitual Ca intake(r=-0.371) existed(p<0.05). A relative magnitude of factors affecting hypertension was analyzed by multiple regression analysis. Overall results about relative influence of independent variables to dependent variable (systolic blood pressure) indicated that urinary Ca was the higher correlation in all subjects(p<0.0001), followed by age and aldosterone. PTH showed a significant correlation for relative influence on diastolic blood pressure in all subjects. The above results indicated that renin-aldosterone system and Ca regulating hormone had a mutual relationship in hypertension.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.233-243
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• 2002

Purpose: This study is aimed at testing the effect of health promotion program on health promoting behavior and cardiovascular risk factors of middle-aged women. Method: The research design was the nonequivalent control group pre-post test. Twelve middle-aged women were the experimental group and ten were the control group. The 8-week health promotion program was given to the experimental group. There were health promotion theories, flexibility and muscle strength exercise, cardiopulmonary endurance exercise, nutrition, stress management, cancer prevention and early detection, management of menopause and wrap-up in health promotion program for middle-aged women. The measurement tool was Health Promoting Behavior developed by researcher using serum cholesterol, obesity rate, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure as cardiovascular risk factors. Result: The experimental group showed a higher score of health promoting behavior than the control group. There were no differences on cardiovascular risk factors(cholesterol, obesity rate, diastolic blood pressure) between the experimental and control groups except systolic blood pressure. Conclusion: Conclusively, this health promotion program for middle-aged women was effective in increasing health promotion behaviors, but wasn't effective in decreasing cardiovascular risk factors except the systolic blood pressure. It seems it's necessary to re-study this using more samples and a longer duration of the program, and smaller mortality rate.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.189-194
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• 1992

As people's income and intake of animal fat rapidly increase, so does choresterol concentration in blood. Thus diseases such as non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus(NIDDM)myocardial infraction, high blood pressure, cerebral stroke resulting from atherosclerosis rapidly increase recently. It is very difficult to diagnose atherosclerosis early since its progress is so slow and there is no sypmtoms in the beginning of the disease. In this study a mechanical characteristic, compliance, of the lower leg arteries was measured noninvasively. Changes of blood volume and pressure were measured using impedance plethysmgraphy and mercury sphygmomanometer, respectively. The compliance was calculated by dividing the change of blood volume by the change of pulse pressure ( systolic-diastolic pressure ) . Subjects were 24 asymptomatic persons ranging (rom 30 Ic 58yeras and 14 diabetics from 41 to 59years. The compliances, mean, and systolic pressures were statistically analyzed using a t-test be- tween the healthy and diabetic groups. The average compliance of the healthy and diabetic group was measured 2.79 and 1.82U1/mmHg/cm, respectively and these were significantly different(p<0.01). It was also found that the compliance is a better parameter in differentiating the vascular disease than mean or systolic blood pressure.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.43-54
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• 1993

In order to find the factors associated with the death of hypertensives, 12 year follow-up study for 267 hypertensives whose average blood pressure were 140/90 mmHg or above during their first health screening in 1979-1980 at YongJin Township, Wanju Country, North Cholla Province by the Community Health Team of Chonju Presbyterian Medical Center. The study results are as follows : 1. Initial general characteristics of hypertensives were studied. The age distribution of studied hypertensives showed 27.3% in 40-49 years, 25.8% in 50-59 years, 29.6% in 60-69 years and 17.2% In 70 + years old group. Marital status showed that 82.8% of hypertensives had their wife or husband. 74. 5% were employed on agriculture. 56.5% of hypertensives were illiterate. 2. Among the hypertensives, 91.6% of male and 22.8% of female reported that they were smokers. 82.6% of hypertensives had body mass index lower than 25 Kg/$m^2$. 46.8% of average systolic blood pressure were 160mmHg or above and 54.3% of average diastolic blood pressure were 95mmHg or above. 3. Twenty percent of hypertensives reported that they were treating hypertension at the beginning of follow up, while 68.5% reported that they were not treated. 28.1% reported that they were treating hypertension within 6 months before last follow-up. but 69.3% reported that they were not treated for hypertension within Ii months before last follow up. So 50.6% were classified as never treated group and 41.2% as treated group. 4. Average blood pressure for initial 3 years were calculated. The change of average systolic blood pressure was observed as $161.3{\pm}19.4mmHg$ at the first year, $145.6{\pm}28.0mmHg$ at the second year and $141.4{\pm}37.2mmHg$ at the third year. Average diastolic blood pressure were changed from $96.2{\pm}14.4mmHg$ at the first year to $90.6{\pm}18.6mmHg$ at the second year and $86.4{\pm}22.9mmHg$ at the third year. 5. By the follow-up of hypertensives, 54 hypertensives (46.2%) among 117 male hypertensives and 50 hypertensives (33.3%) among 150 female hypertensives died for 12 years. 42.6% of male death and 52.0% of female death were caused by cerebrovascular diseases. 6. Through univariate statistical test about the association between general characteristics or cardiovascular risk factors of hypertensives and mortality for 12 years, age variable among male and among female age, marital status, occupation. educational level. systolic blood pressure and treatment status were shown as significant variable to influence upon the mortality. 7. By multiple logistic regression analysis, among male age and systolic blood pressure were selected as significant variable to be associated with the total mortality for 12 years. Among female age, systolic blood pressure and treatment status were selected as statistically significant variable to be associated with the total mortality for 12 years.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.96-107
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• 1996

Automated blood pressure monitors have gained acceptance in many clinical settings with the increasing demand, the accurate BP measuring devices reguire the need for validation. We have evaluated the Dinamap 8100, an oscillometric automated blood pressure monitor, using the Mercury sphygmomanometer as a reference. Comparison of sphygmomanometers was conducted 60 patients (30-Normotensive group, 30-Hypertensive group at Seoul National University Hospital. Two trained observers took measure blood pressure(systolic/diastolic) at the same time using the Dinamap 8100 on one arm and the Mercury on the other. For each measurement, the device was randomly selected from a group of devices repetively used for the experiment. Mean readings for systolic pressure with the Dinamap 8100 in normotensive group were lower(mean difference ; 4.26mmHg) than the Mercury type. Mean readings for systolic pressure with the Dinamap 8100 in hypertensive group were lower(mean difference ; 9.05mmHg) than the Mercury type. Mean readings for diastolic pressure with the Dinamap 8100 in normotensive group were lower (mean difference ; 7.46mmHg) than the Mercury type. Mean readings for diastolic pressure with the Dinamap 8100 in hypertensive group were lower(mean difference ; 9.03mmHg) than the Mercury type. We have found that blood pressure readings with the Dinamap 8100 were lower than those with the Mercury type. we are using the Mercury type in clinics, although it has observer bias and terminal digit preference. But the Dinamap 8100 is readily portable, simple to use, and capable of preventing observer bias and terminal digit preference. The Dinamap 8100 is acceptable for blood pressure determination in subjects who are normotensive or hypertensive ones.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.438-445
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to develop a measurement model based on PLS (Partial least square) method for blood pressures. Measurement system for blood pressure signals consisted of pressure sensor, va interface and embedded module. A mercury sphygmomanometer was connected with the measurement system through 3-way stopcock and used as reference of blood pressures. The blood pressure signals of 20 subjects were measured and tests were repeated 5 times per each subject. Total of 100 data were divided into a calibration set and a prediction set. The PLS models were developed to determine the systolic and the diastolic blood pressures. The PLS models were evaluated by the standard methods of the British Hypertension Society (BHS) protocol and the American Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI). The results of the PLS models were compared with those of MAA (maximum amplitude algorithm). The measured blood pressures with PLS method were highly correlated to those with a mercury sphygmomanometer in the systolic ($R^2=0.85$) and the diastolic blood pressure ($R^2=0.84$). The results showed that the PLS models were the effective tools for blood pressure measurements with high accuracy, and satisfied the standards of the BHS protocol and the AAMI.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.227-236
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• 2019

In this study, we develop a Korotkoff sound based automatic blood pressure measurement device including sensor, hardware, and analysis algorithm. PVDF-based sensor pattern was developed to function as a vibration sensor to detect of Korotkoff sounds, and the film's output was connected to an impedance-matching circuit. An algorithm for determining starting and ending points of the Korotkoff sounds was established, and clinical data from subjects were acquired and analyzed to find the relationship between the values obtained by the auscultatory method and from the developed device. The results from 86 out of 90 systolic measurements and 84 out of 90 diastolic measurements indicate that the developed device pass the validation criteria of the international protocol. Correlation coefficients for the values obtained by the auscultatory method and from the developed device were 0.982 and 0.980 for systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respectively. Blood pressure measurements based on Korotkoff sound signals obtained by using the developed PVDF film-based sensor module are accurate and highly correlated with measurements obtained by the traditional auscultatory method.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.724-733
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• 1993

In order to investigate the relationships of obesity in childhood to plasma lipid, blood pressure and blood glucose concentration, we selected 21 subjects for the moderate obese group(MO), 9 for mild obese group(MI), and 19 for the control group(C) among children aged 10~12. While the level of plasma triglyceride and VLDL-cholesterol of the MO group was much higher than that of group C, a significantly lower percentage of HDL-cholesterol was found in the MO compared to the percentage found in group C. Also the level of the total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol of the MI group as well as the MO was much higher than that of C. The elevated total-cholesterol level of the Mi group was due to increased LDL-cholesterol and that of the MO was due to increases in both VLDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol. As the result of these differences, the atherogenic index of the MO was significantly higher than that of C. The incidence of hypercholesterolemia( 200mg/dl) of the MI and MO was 60.0% and 77.8% respectively, All of the physical parameters and indexes except height were positively correlated with plasma lipid levels, systolic blood pressure, and blood glucose concentration. The analyses of the correlated with plasma lipid levels, systolic blood pressure, and blood glucose concentration. The analyses of the correlation indicated that central fat to peripheral fat ratio and waist to thigh girth ratio seemed to be closely associated to plasma lipid levels and atherogenic index. The MO had significantly higher systolic blood pressure than C and significantly higher blood glucose concentration was found in both MI and MO than in C. These results confirmed that obesity in childhood may be relevant to chronic metabolic diseases such as abnormal lipid metabolism, atherosclerosis, high blood pressure and diabetes mellitus.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.276-282
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• 2017

Perioperative hypertension is a phenomenon in which a surgical patient's blood pressure temporarily increases throughout the preoperative and postoperative periods and remains high until the patient's condition stabilizes. This phenomenon requires immediate treatment not only because it is observed in a majority of patients who are not diagnosed with high blood pressure, but also because occurs in patients with underlying essential hypertension who show a sharp increase in their blood pressure. The most common complication following facelift surgery is hematoma, and the most critical risk factor that causes hematoma is elevated systolic blood pressure. In general, a systolic blood pressure goal of <150 mm Hg and a diastolic blood pressure goal of >65 mm Hg are recommended. This article discusses the causes of increased blood pressure and the treatment methods for perioperative hypertension during the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative periods, in order to find ways to maintain normal blood pressure in patients during surgery. Further, in this paper, we review the causes of perioperative hypertension, such as anxiety, epinephrine, pain, and postoperative nausea and vomiting. The treatment methods for perioperative hypertension are analyzed according to the following 3 operative periods, with a review of the characteristics and interactions of each drug: preoperative antihypertensive medicine (atenolol, clonidine, and nifedipine), intraoperative intravenous (IV) hypnotics (propofol, midazolam, ketamine, and dexmedetomidine), and postoperative antiemetic medicine (metoclopramide and ondansetron). This article focuses on the knowledge necessary to safely apply local anesthesia with IV hypnotics during facelift surgery without the assistance of an anesthesiologist.