International journal of advanced smart convergence

The Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication (한국인터넷방송통신학회)
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Development of an Automatic Blood Pressure Device based on Korotkoff Sounds

  • Li, Xiong (Dept of Electronic Engineering, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Im, Jae Joong (Dept of Electronic Engineering, Chonbuk National University)
  • Received : 2019.06.08
  • Accepted : 2019.06.16
  • Published : 2019.06.30
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Abstract

In this study, we develop a Korotkoff sound based automatic blood pressure measurement device including sensor, hardware, and analysis algorithm. PVDF-based sensor pattern was developed to function as a vibration sensor to detect of Korotkoff sounds, and the film's output was connected to an impedance-matching circuit. An algorithm for determining starting and ending points of the Korotkoff sounds was established, and clinical data from subjects were acquired and analyzed to find the relationship between the values obtained by the auscultatory method and from the developed device. The results from 86 out of 90 systolic measurements and 84 out of 90 diastolic measurements indicate that the developed device pass the validation criteria of the international protocol. Correlation coefficients for the values obtained by the auscultatory method and from the developed device were 0.982 and 0.980 for systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respectively. Blood pressure measurements based on Korotkoff sound signals obtained by using the developed PVDF film-based sensor module are accurate and highly correlated with measurements obtained by the traditional auscultatory method.

Keywords

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Figure 1. Sensing module (left) and schematic diagram of sensing module (right)

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Figure 2. Pulse waves before cuff inflation and without a signal filter

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Figure 4. Developed device including sensor implemented inside the cuff

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Figure 5. Korotkoff sounds (top) and the corresponding cuff pressure (bottom)

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Figure 6. Determination of systolic and diastolic pressure based on Korotkoff sounds and cuff pressure. (a) raw Korotkoff sounds, (b) square wave indicates detection of Korotkoff sound after rectification, and (c) determination of Korotkoff sounds above the preset threshold

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Figure 7. Top, Korotkoff sounds; middle, cuff pressure; bottom, pulse waves

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Figure 8. Correlation between auscultatory method and PVDF device measurements of systolic (left) and diastolic (right) blood pressures

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Figure 9. Difference values between auscultatory method and developed device for systolic (left) and diastolic (right) pressures

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Figure 10. Bland-Altman plots device for systolic (left) and diastolic (right) pressures obtained by the auscultatory method and the developed device.

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Figure 3(a). Output of sensing module with a 4th order 15Hz high-pass filter before cuff inflation

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Figure 3(b). Output of sensing module with a 4th order 25Hz high-pass filter during cuff deflation

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Figure 3(c). Output of sensing module after applying a 4th order 35Hz high-pass filter showing Korotkoff sounds

Table 1. Mean and standard deviations of blood pressures obtained by the auscultatory method and from the developed device for 10 subjects

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