• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.29-43
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• 2012

This study evaluated 23 botanic gardens and arboretums under two main categories including professional group and operational group. As for professional group, the main difference between the functions of botanic gardens and arboretums was analyzed. In the case of operational group compared professional group respectively, on categories including importance of function and implementation, seeking to provide fundamental data of botanic gardens and arboretums by enhancing the quality of visitors and examining functional differences. The result of a difference in arboretums' function between professional and operational groups, the study analyzed the importance of botanic gardens and arboretums in terms of detailed categories such as research, education, collection, display, retention, and service for visitors. As a result, professional group showed retention 4.32>education 4.11>research 4.09>service for visitors 4.05, and operational group showed retention 3.70>service 3.52>education 3.41>research 3.37, indicating that both groups had retention as the most selected answer. Looking closely at the functions of the currently implemented detailed categories of botanic gardens and arboretums, such as research, education, collection, display, retention, and service for visitors, the study showed that 91.3% selected rare species and individual multiplication for research function, 78.3% chose education of natural ecosystem for children for education, 73.9% answered space for experiencing nature for display, and 73.9% also replied managon, diof rare species, reproduction, and retention of native plants' species for retention category, and service for visitors showed 95.7% for implementation. The study could not clearly point out the influence between predictors due to absence of an established comprehensive evaluation model. Also, it analyzed and reviewed comparison of functions of professional group and operational group, but in the future, it should conduct study on a systemic and objective classification of botanic gardens and arboretums to clearly examine the difference in views between groups, which also requires, at the same time, study on management policy of botanic gardens and arboretums or suggesting guidelines that suit types of forms, and also study on facilities and program development that can be applied to each class.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.246-252
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• 2011

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) models must be validated against a reference method in a representative population sample before they can be accepted as accurate and applicable. The purpose of this study was to compare the eight-electrode BIA method with DEXA as a reference method in the assessment of body composition in Korean adults and to investigate the predictive accuracy and applicability of the eight-electrode BIA model. A total of 174 apparently healthy adults participated. The study was designed as a cross-sectional study. FM, %fat, and FFM were estimated by an eight-electrode BIA model and were measured by DEXA. Correlations between BIA_%fat and DEXA_%fat were 0.956 for men and 0.960 for women with a total error of 2.1%fat in men and 2.3%fat in women. The mean difference between BIA_%fat and DEXA_%fat was small but significant (P < 0.05), which resulted in an overestimation of $1.2{\pm}2.2$%fat (95% CI: -3.2-6.2%fat) in men and an underestimation of $-2.0{\pm}2.4$%fat (95% CI: -2.3-7.1%fat) in women. In the Bland-Altman analysis, the %fat of 86.3% of men was accurately estimated and the %fat of 66.0% of women was accurately estimated to within 3.5%fat. The BIA had good agreement for prediction of %fat in Korean adults. However, the eight-electrode BIA had small, but systemic, errors of %fat in the predictive accuracy for individual estimation. The total errors led to an overestimation of %fat in lean men and an underestimation of %fat in obese women.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.64 no.4
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• pp.383-389
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• 2021

Obesity is associated with impaired intestinal epithelial barrier function, which contribute to host systemic inflammation and metabolic dysfunction. Korean traditional foods, fiber-rich bean products, have been various biological activities in anti-inflammatory responses, but has not reported the large intestinal health. In this study, we investigated the intestinal health promoting effect of cooked soybeans (CSB) on high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity model. SD rat were fed either a HFD or HFD supplemented with 10.6% CSB (HFD+CSB) for animal experimental period. CSB treatment significantly decreased the HFD-induced weights of body and fat. Also, CSB treatment improved HFD-reduced tight junction components (ZO-1, Claudin-1, and Occludin-1) mRNA expression in large intestine tissue. Additionally, histopathological evaluation showed that CSB treatment attenuated the HFD-increased inflammatory cells infiltration and epithelial damages in large intestine tissue. At the genus level, effects of CSB supplement not yet clear, while dietary effects showed differential abundance of several genera including Lactobacillus, Duncaniella, and Alloprevotella. NMDS analysis showed significant microbial shifts by HFD, while CSB did not shift gut microbiota. CSB increased the abundance of the genera Anaerotignum, Enterococcus, Clostridium sensu stricto, and Escherichia/Shigella by linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis, while reduced the abundance of Longicatena and Ligilactobacillus. These findings indicate that CSB supplement improves HFD-deteriorated large intestinal health by the amelioration of tight junction component, while CSB did not shift gut microbiotas.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.404-409
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to compare the biocompatibility for local irritation and bioavailability of $Gentacol^{TM}$ and $Collatamp^{TM}$, after single intramuscular loading in rats. Sixty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups; (1) any test materials were not applied into the quadriceps muscles (control group, N = 6), (2) Gentamicin was injected into the quadriceps muscles (Gentamicin group, N = 6), (3) Collatamp was applied into the quadriceps muscles (Collatamp group, N = 27), and (4) Gentacol was applied into the quadriceps muscles (Gentacol group, N = 27). The concentration of gentamicin in muscles was gradually decreased with time after loaded in the both $Gentacol^{TM}$ and $Collatamp^{TM}$ loaded regions. No detectable gentamicin was observed in the plasma of $Gentacol^{TM}$ and $Collatamp^{TM}$ loaded rats. Histologically, moderate to severe inflammatory cell infiltrations including PMN, lymphoid cells and macrophages were observed with slight to moderate edematous changes of muscle fibers after intramuscular injection of gentamicin. However, these histopathological changes of gentamicin injection induced local irritations were dramatically decreases after intramuscular loading of $Collatamp^{TM}$ and $Gentacol^{TM}$. These results suggest $Gentacol^{TM}$ may show favorable local bioavailability and induce only slight local irritations as comparable as $Collatamp^{TM}$ without systemic exposures in the condition of this experiment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.70-70
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• 2017

This study was conducted to characterize the amylose and protein contents of 4,948 rice landrace germplasm using the NIRS model developed in the previous study. The amylose contents estimated by NIRS in the standard rice were Sinseonchal (6.881%) 4.994%, Chucheong (19.731%) 18.633%, Goami (23.246%) 20.548%. Protein contents were Sinseonchal (6.890%) 6.824%, Chucheong (6.350%) 6.869%, Goami (6.777%) 7.839%. The NIRS analysis showed that 1.1-2.7%point lower in amylose and 0.4-0.6%point higher in protein than standard contents. The average amylose content of the germplasm was 20.39% with a range of 3.97-37.13%. The average protein content was 8.17% with a range of 5.20-17.45%. Amylose contents with a range of 20.06-27.02% represented 62.20% of the germplasm. Protein contents with a range of 6.78-9.75% represented 81.60% of the germplasm. Korean landrace comprised 24.9% among the 4,948 germplasm collected from 41 countries. A specific range of amylose contents showed in Korea 16.58-20.06%, in Japan 20.06-23.25%, in North Korea 23.25-27.02% and in China 27.02-37.13%. Protein contents exhibited 5.20-17.45% evenly in the whole landraces, whereas Chinese landrace particularly observed with 6.78-8.27% and 9.75-17.45%. Fifty resources were selected with low and high amylose ranging from 3.97-6.66% to 30.41-37.13% respectively. Similarly fifty resources were selected with low and high protein ranging from 5.20-6.09% to 13.21-17.45% respectively. Landraces with higher protein should be adapted to practical utilization of food sources.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.89-97
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• 2020

This study was carried out to examine a novel inactivated Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) vaccine candidate for protection of mice against salmonellosis by immunization of BALB/c mice using various type adjuvant. The novel type-inactivated vaccine candidate was constructed by adding Chlorhexidine digluconate solution. BALB/c mice were divided into 6 groups of 15 mice apiece. The mice were intramuscularly (IM) primed at 6 weeks of age and were IM boosted 8 weeks of age. Groups A and B mice were injected with sterile phosphate-buffered saline as controls; group C mice were inoculated with 5×10⁸ cells/100 µL of formalin-inactivated S. Typhimurium cells and adjuvant ISA70; groups D~F mice were immunized with 5×10⁸ cells/100 µL of the inactivated vaccine candidate and adjuvant ISA70, adjuvant IMS1313 and adjuvant IMS1313 containing 30 ㎍/mL of GI24, respectively. All mice (except group A mice) were orally challenged with a virulent S. Typhimurium strain at 10 weeks of age. Mice from groups C-F had significantly increased IgG levels compared to control groups (A-B) mice. The levels of splenocyte IFN-γ and IL-4 in mice of all groups were measured by ELISA, resulting in increased immunity in group F mice compared to those of groups A-E mice. These data suggested that systemic and cell-mediated immune responses were highly induced by IM immunization with the vaccine candidate and adjuvant IMS1313 containing GI24. Furthermore, clinical signs such as death were observed in only 20% of group F mice after virulent Salmonella strain challenge, however, groups B and C (100%), and groups D and E (60%) mice died. This data suggested that mice immunized by intramuscular prime and booster with this vaccine candidate and adjuvant IMS1313 containing GI24 effectively protected mice from salmonellosis.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.210-222
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• 2000

Background: Endothelin(ET) is the most potent vasoconstrictor and bronchoconstrictor. The plasma ET-1 level is elevated in patients with acute pulmonary thromboembolism(APTE). This finding suggest that ET-1 may be an important mediator in the cardiopulmonary derangement of APTE. But whether ET-1 is a pathogenic mediator or a simple marker of APTE is not known. The role of ET-1 in the pathogenesis of cardiopulmonary dysfunction in APTE(delete) was investigated through an evaluation of the effects of $ET_A$-receptor antagonist on APTE. The increase in local levels of preproET-1 mRNA and ET-1 peptide in the embolized lung was also demonstrated. Methods: In a canine autologous blood clot pulmonary embolism model, $ET_A$-receptor antagonist(10 mg/kg intravenously, n=6) was administered one hour after the onset of the embolism. Hemodynamic measurements, blood gas tensions and plasma levels of ET-1 immunoreactivity in this treatment group were compared with those in the control group(n=5). After the experiment., preproET-1 mRNA expression(using Northern blot analysis) and the distribution of ET-1(by immunohistochemical analysis) in the lung tissues were examined. Results: The increases in pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance of the treatment group were less than those of the control group. Decrease in cardiac output was also less in the treatment group. Complications such as systemic arterial hypotension and hypoxemia did not occur with the administration of $ET_A$-receptor antagonist The plasma level of ET-1 like(ED: what does 'like' mean?) immunoreactivity was increased after embolization in both groups but was significantly higher in the treatment group. The preproET-1 mRNA and ET-1 peptide expressions were increased in the embolized lung. Conclusion: ET-1 synthesis increases with embolization in the lung and may plays play an important role in the pathophysiology of cardiopulmonary derangement of APTE. Furthermore, $ET_A$-receptor antagonist attenuates cardiopulmonary alterations seen in APTE, suggesting a potential benefit of this therapy.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.450-465
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• 2017

This study was conducted to characterize the amylose and protein contents of 4,948 rice landrace germplasm using the NIRS model developed in the previous study. The average amylose content of the germplasm was 20.39% and ranged between 3.97 and 37.13%. The amylose contents in the standard rice were 4.99, 18.63 and 20.55% in Sinseonchal, Chucheong and Goami, respectively. The average protein content was 8.17% and ranged from 5.20 to 17.45%. Protein contents in Sinseonchal, Chucheong and Goami were 6.824, 6.869 and 7.839%, respectively. A total of 62% germplasm were distributed between 20.06% and 27.02% in amylose content. Germplasm of 81.60% represented protein content of 6.78-9.75%. The distinguishable ranges of amylose contents according to origin were 16.58-20.06% in Korea, 20.06-23.25% in Japan, 23.25-27.02% in North Korea, and 27.02-37.13% in China. In the protein content, approximately 30% of Chinese resources ranged from 9.75 to 17.45%, whereas less than 10% were detected in other origin accessions. Fifty resources were selected with low and high amylose ranging from 3.97-6.66% and 30.41-37.13%, respectively. Similarly, fifty resources were selected with low and high protein ranging from 5.20-6.09% and 13.21-17.45%, respectively. Landraces with higher protein could be adapted to practical utilization of food sources.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.39 no.12 s.269
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• pp.879-890
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• 2006

Background: The dysfunction of multiple organs is found to be caused by reactive oxygen species as a major modulator of microvascular injury after hemorrhagic shock. Hemorrhagic shock, one of many causes inducing acute lung injury, is associated with increase in alveolocapillary permeability and characterized by edema, neutrophil infiltration, and hemorrhage in the interstitial and alveolar space. Aggressive and rapid fluid resuscitation potentially might increased the risk of pulmonary dysfunction by the interstitial edema. Therefore, in order to improve the pulmonary dysfunction induced by hemorrhagic shock, the present study was attempted to investigate how to reduce the inflammatory responses and edema in lung. Material and Method: Male Sprague-Dawley rats, weight 300 to 350 gm were anesthetized with ketamine(7 mg/kg) intramuscular Hemorrhagic Shock(HS) was induced by withdrawal of 3 mL/100 g over 10 min. through right jugular vein. Mean arterial pressure was then maintained at $35{\sim}40$ mmHg by further blood withdrawal. At 60 min. after HS, the shed blood and Ringer's solution or 5% albumin was infused to restore mean carotid arterial pressure over 80 mmHg. Rats were divided into three groups according to rectal temperature level($37^{\circ}C$[normothermia] vs $33^{\circ}C$[mild hypothermia]) and resuscitation fluid(lactate Ringer's solution vs 5% albumin solution). Group I consisted of rats with the normothermia and lactate Ringer's solution infusion. Group II consisted of rats with the systemic hypothermia and lactate Ringer's solution infusion. Group III consisted of rats with the systemic hypothermia and 5% albumin solution infusion. Hemodynamic parameters(heart rate, mean carotid arterial pressure), metabolism, and pulmonary tissue damage were observed for 4 hours. Result: In all experimental groups including 6 rats in group I, totally 26 rats were alive in 3rd stage. However, bleeding volume of group I in first stage was $3.2{\pm}0.5$ mL/100 g less than those of group II($3.9{\pm}0.8$ mL/100 g) and group III($4.1{\pm}0.7$ mL/100 g). Fluid volume infused in 2nd stage was $28.6{\pm}6.0$ mL(group I), $20.6{\pm}4.0$ mL(group II) and $14.7{\pm}2.7$ mL(group III), retrospectively in which there was statistically a significance between all groups(p<0.05). Plasma potassium level was markedly elevated in comparison with other groups(II and III), whereas glucose level was obviously reduced in 2nd stage of group I. Level of interleukine-8 in group I was obviously higher than that of group II or III(p<0.05). They were $1.834{\pm}437$ pg/mL(group I), $1,006{\pm}532$ pg/mL(group II), and $764{\pm}302$ pg/mL(group III), retrospectively. In histologic score, the score of group III($1.6{\pm}0.6$) was significantly lower than that of group I($2.8{\pm}1.2$)(p<0.05). Conclusion: In pressure-controlled hemorrhagic shock model, it is suggested that hypothermia might inhibit the direct damage of ischemic tissue through reduction of basic metabolic rate in shock state compared to normothermia. It seems that hypothermia should be benefit to recovery pulmonary function by reducing replaced fluid volume, inhibiting anti-inflammatory agent(IL-8) and leukocyte infiltration in state of ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, if is considered that other changes in pulmonary damage and inflammatory responses might induce by not only kinds of fluid solutions but also hypothermia, and that the detailed evaluation should be study.