• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.8-14
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• 2009

In the research field of speech recognition, pinpointing the endpoints of speech utterance even with the presence of background noise is of great importance. These noise present during recording introduce disturbances which complicates matters since what we just want is to get the stationary parameters corresponding to each speech section. One major cause of error in automatic recognition of isolated words is the inaccurate detection of the beginning and end boundaries of the test and reference templates, thus the necessity to find an effective method in removing the unnecessary regions of a speech signal. The conventional methods for speech endpoint detection are based on two linear time-domain measurements: the short-time energy, and short-time zero-crossing rate. They perform well for clean speech but their precision is not guaranteed if there is noise present, since the high energy and zero-crossing rate of the noise is mistaken as a part of the speech uttered. This paper proposes a novel approach in finding an apparent threshold between noise and speech based on Lyapunov Exponents (LEs). This proposed method adopts the nonlinear features to analyze the chaos characteristics of the speech signal instead of depending on the unreliable factor-energy. The excellent performance of this approach compared with the conventional methods lies in the fact that it detects the endpoints as a nonlinearity of speech signal, which we believe is an important characteristic and has been neglected by the conventional methods. The proposed method extracts the features based only on the time-domain waveform of the speech signal illustrating its low complexity. Simulations done showed the effective performance of the Proposed method in a noisy environment with an average recognition rate of up 92.85% for unspecified person.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.47-61
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• 2001

The study was carried out to suggest the development scheme of Forestry Association by the method of member's consciousness inclination analysis. The results are as follows ; 1. Most of Association members perceived the necessity for re-education about cooperative association, especially the research suitable to the characteristics of Korea Forestry. 2. 59.9% of members had negative response against revision of Forestry Association Law, and 39.5% of members had negative opinion about taking exclusive charge of forest working by Forestry Association, noting the need of immediate publicity activities for those charges. 3. Large number of members pointed out that the most serious problems for the management of private forest were the budgetary deficit and the lack of joint marketing system of forest products. 25.9% of members had complaints about the management of their own forests after joining the association. 4. 34.0% of members opposed Proxy Management and 48.8% of members wanted Portion Consignment System. 5. The analysis noted that due to increase of the aged in rural communities, it is necessary to establish Forestry Working Corps, which is under the control of the Government and Forestry Association to supply forestry labor in a appropriate time. 6. Most of Association members liked establishment of Special Association for each forest products.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.43-52
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• 2009

The realistic problem about the dental hygiene education in our country is what the correlation between theoretical education and clinical education is short, and what the systematically clinical-practice education is failing to be realized. In order to solve this problem, the aim is to introduce preceptor and to present necessity in order to apply preceptor to the practice education for dental hygiene department. 1. What is the largest in the difference between the observation experience and the performance experience by element in clinical-performance activity is the patience-care service sphere(P < .001). 2. A hospital with the highest observation-practice experience level in children with the observation experience by hospital was in order of K hospital, Y hospital, H hospital, B hospital, and A hospital(P < .001, P < .01). 3. A hospital was the highest in the difference of the performance-practice experience level by hospital. And, the next was in order of H hospital, Y hospital, K hospital, and B hospital(P < .001, P < .01). 4. As for recognition on importance of clinical-practice activity in dental hygienists, the dental hygienists with more than the third year were indicated to be the highest than the dental hygienists with less than the 3rd year among 58 dental hygienists. Given seeing the results of this study, the more systematic and educational clinical-practice environment will need to be improved by suggesting a role of preceptor and to seek for a plan for application in the clinical-practice education.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.69-80
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• 2015

The present study was conducted with aim for establishing the framework of integrated veteran policy for unified Korea through the analysis of the North Korea's veteran policy. For the purpose, this study reviewed the legal system and implementation process concerning the North Korea's veteran policy and analyzed the establishment of fundamental framework of unification and the implications from the North Korea's veteran policy for unified Korea. The review of the North Korea's veteran policy covered the beginning of the North Korea's veteran policy to the present. Based on the findings of the review, this study revealed the necessity of re-establishing the principle of veteran policy in preparation for unification and proposed a plan for unified veteran policy. The results from this study are expected to be a meaningful milestone to unified veteran policy after unification. It is reasonably expected that there will remain considerable differences and conflicting factors, which could block the path to national integration, between two countries and their peoples after unification. Therefore, it is more important to make a thorough preparation and form social consensus than any other. In this respect, national policy for veterans should go back to basics and be reviewed to be ready for unification. Although different in time, the North Korea's veteran policy was and is the base of the nation's system and source engine for development every period. Re-designing the principle of veteran policy should reflect both symbols of the unified nation and the national identity, but also of socially integrated spirit. Therefore, it must include the spirit of patriotism and awareness of national security. Furthermore, as for the integration of veteran policies for unification, it is especially important for two countries to possess and share common historical consciousness. The unified veteran policy should be integrated on this base.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.203-249
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• 2009

It is the so-called Shinchon Severance Hospital Case brought to an end by the decision of the Supreme Court that opened the real discourse of withholding or withdrawing of LST (Life-Sustaining Treatment) in the legal profession as well as medical profession in Korea. Everyone has sympathy with the validity and necessity of legal regulation on withdrawing-including withholding-of LST save the requirements & procedure of withdrawing of LST. In this situation, the legislative bill of amendment to the Korean Civil Law introducing of adult guardianship was pre-announced by the Ministry of Justice on September 18th 2009. The adult guardianship is a guardianship system that supports an mentally handicapped adult to deal with his affairs by support of a guardian. The object of adult guardianship includes affairs of body or well-being as well as property of adult wards. In particular, affairs of medical matters are of importance in the duty and authority of adult guardians. So, the introduction of adult guardianship is of much importance de lege lata as well as de lege ferena in the discussion of withdrawing of LST as a medical treatment. Since the legislation on withdrawing of LST intents to protect the right of death with dignity on the basis of patients' autonomy, the ratio legis of withdrawing of LST is variant from that of adult guardianship. In this context, it seems reasonable to legislate the withdrawing of LST separately from the adultguardianship. In the meantime, the adult guardianship of the legislative bill of amendment to the Korean Civil Law is related to the withdrawing of LST, since the main purpose of adult guardianship is to protect patients' quality of lives and to regulate guardianship contracts based on patients' autonomy. In that context, it seems reasonable to incorporate the legislation of withdrawing of LST into the adult guardianship system. In the latter case, it is not easy to adopt the withdrawing of LST into the legislative bill of the Korean Civil Law for the bill is pre-announced already as previously stated. However, the legislation of withdrawing of LST is not inferior to the legislation of adult guardianship as a matter of urgency. Moreover, it is likely that the legislative bill of Amendment to the Korean Civil Law generates discrepancies in interpretation of the requirements & procedure of withdrawing of LST as the amended German Civil Law did. In short, it is desirable for the legislator to revise the legislative bill despite delay.

• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.4 no.2 s.8
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• pp.5-22
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• 2002

The considerable budgets for the 2nd-phase NGIS projects are allocated to the projects for developments of the GIS applications. Especially, the 78 local governments are major users of GIS application systems. In spite of GIS necessity in local government, whether a GIS is 'good' or bad, depends on its implementation and operation. How to implement GIS in effective wav and how to measure GIS effect for justifying GIS funding can be major concerns. Because it takes minimum 3-4 years to equal the costs and benefits of GIS, the long-terms implementation strategies for GIS project in local government are required. In order to establish a proper implementation model for the GIS application projects and to promote activities in the projects, this study considers several problems in accordance with the phases of GIS evolution and solutions of these problems. Based an the GIS auditing and consulting experience in local governments, this study constructs a GIS implementation and maintenance model in long and comprehensive perspective. This model can be a key to affective and realistic implementation for the future GIS projects.

• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2007

The necessity of future index is increasing to predict the future location of moving objects promptly for various location-based services. A representative research topic related to future index is the probability trajectory prediction technique that improves reliability using the past trajectory information of moving objects in the road network environment. However, the prediction performance of this technique is lowered by the heavy load of extensive future trajectory search in long-range future queries, and its index maintenance cost is high due to the frequent update of future trajectory. Thus, this paper proposes the Probability Cell Trajectory-Tree (PCT-Tree), a cell-based future indexing technique for efficient long-range future location prediction. The PCT-Tree reduces the size of index by rebuilding the probability of extensive past trajectories in the unit of cell, and improves the prediction performance of long-range future queries. In addition, it predicts reliable future trajectories using information on past trajectories and, by doing so, minimizes the cost of communication resulting from errors in future trajectory prediction and the cost of index rebuilding for updating future trajectories. Through experiment, we proved the superiority of the PCT-Tree over existing indexing techniques in the performance of long-range future queries.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.25-35
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• 2011

Traffic volume increases due to diversification of industry. Also, Automobile ownerships also increase steadily. It is estimated that the registered number of vehicle is expected to be 20 milion in the year 2015. These trends may result in increasing the number of woman drivers and elderly drivers. Therefore, this study aims to identify routes that reflect characteristics of each driver's preferences. A survey was conducted on different routes attributes for variances drivers. Driver types were classified by gender, age, and driving career. Accordingly, a weight for road composition attribute such as number of lanes, number of accidents, slope was estimated by using Swing Weighting technique in Multi-Attribute Utility Theory. In addition, a case study was conducted and identified weights were applied to routes. In result, drivers commonly prefer short route when they considered their routes. Also, male drivers prefer speedy and shorter route than that of female drivers. Elderly drivers prefer safe routes that represent low accidents rate. Moreover driving career under a year drivers prefer safe and easy routes. Therefore, we may conclude that the necessity of diversified route information is essential in the future car navigation system.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.74-80
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• 2014

The college student times corresponds to the stage of important transition from social aspects. Thus, this study were carried out to propose the necessity of recognizing and managing its importance by grasping family strength parts of students majored in dental hygiene that affected influences to ego-resiliency. The study was composed of 553 girl students who were studying in department of dental hygiene, 3-year system at 6 colleges. Regarding to collecting datum, it was performed from September to December 2012 through examiners' interview questionnaires. Component parts of the family strength affecting influences to confidence, interpersonal effectiveness, and optimistic attitudes that were constituents of eco-resiliency appeared to communications between family members and sharing of value system from the members. Through above results, it is judged that dialogue-promoting programs by which verbal-nonverbal transfer processes could be formed have to be made in order to strength component parts of the family strength, and programs that were able to bring up students' humanistic knowledge shall be activated in school.

• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.63-79
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• 2008

With the recent development of advanced GIS and complex spatial analysis technologies, the more sophisticated technologies are being required to support the advanced knowledge for solving geographical or spatial problems in various decision support systems. In addition, necessity for research on scientific crime investigation and forensic science is increasing particularly at law enforcement agencies and investigation institutions for efficient investigation and the prevention of crimes. There are active researches on geographic profiling to predict the base location such as criminals' residence by analyzing the spatial patterns of serial crimes. However, as previous researches on geographic profiling use simply statistical methods for spatial pattern analysis and do not apply a variety of spatial and temporal analysis technologies on serial crimes, they have the low prediction accuracy. Therefore, this paper identifies the typology the spatio-temporal patterns of serial crimes according to spatial distribution of crime sites and temporal distribution on occurrence of crimes and proposes STA-BLP(Spatio-Temporal Analysis based Base Location Prediction) algorithm which predicts the base location of serial crimes more accurately based on the patterns. STA-BLP improves the prediction accuracy by considering of the anisotropic pattern of serial crimes committed by criminals who prefer specific directions on a crime trip and the learning effect of criminals through repeated movement along the same route. In addition, it can predict base location more accurately in the serial crimes from multiple bases with the local prediction for some crime sites included in a cluster and the global prediction for all crime sites. Through a variety of experiments, we proved the superiority of the STA-BLP by comparing it with previous algorithms in terms of prediction accuracy.