• 조명전기설비학회논문지
• /
• 제21권10호
• /
• pp.166-175
• /
• 2007

전력 소비자들에 의한 전기품질 요구 수준이 날로 높아지고 있어 배전변압기 교체시 발생되는 정전에 의한 소비자들의 불편을 줄이기 위한 선진국형 무정전 배전변압기 교체방법이 요구되고 있다. 현재 시행되고 있는 주상변압기 무정전 교체공법은 변압기 이용률과 현장여건에 따라 1-2차를 고압 바이패스하는 방법이므로 작업공정이 불편하고, 편법작업에 의한 고장발생과 이에 따른 작업자 안전사고가 발생하는 문제점이 있어 새로운 무정전 교체방법이 절실히 요구되고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 새로운 위상변환장치를 이용한 무정전 공법을 제안한다. 제안된 무정전 공법은 기존의 고압 바이패스 작업방법에 비해 작업공정을 줄이면서 안전하고 저렴한 방법으로 변압기 교체를 할 수 있다. 그러므로 본 논문에서 제시한 공법은 배전공사 원가 절감에 따른 전기요금 하락과 무정전 전력공급으로 국민생활에 편리함을 더하고 국가 경제 발전에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국항공우주학회지
• /
• 제42권8호
• /
• pp.707-712
• /
• 2014

항공기의 연료량 지시계는 비행동안 잔여 연료량을 시현해주는 장치로 비행 중에는 정상적으로 성능을 발휘해야 한다. 한국형 기동헬기 연료량 지시계는 비행 중에 결함코드 "8888"을 시현하여 잔여 연료량을 확인하지 못해 비행안전에 영향을 끼쳤으며 고장탐구과정에서 개발과정 시 미흡하게 설계된 EMI/EMC 성능을 확인하였다. 본 논문에서는 비행 중 결함코드를 시현하는 원인인 전자기 외란에 의한 전원 불안정 및 CAN 통신 오류를 확인하고 이와 연관된 연료시스템의 개선 및 설계 적합성을 입증하였다.

• 한국항공운항학회지
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.54-62
• /
• 2008

International organizations related to air transport such as ICAO, IATA, ACI are forecasting that the number of passenger will grow about 4.4% annually up to 2015. Therefore, the innovation of given system technology and operation procedure is required in global scale to cope with the increase of air traffic demand. CNS/ATM infrastructure based on satellite is considered to play key role in order to solve the problems due to the dramatic increase of air traffic demand over the world. Free flight concept in the air transport operation has been proved with CNS/ATM infrastructure especially in USA and Europe. Therefore, it is necessary to develop key technologies to overcome technology gap and to secure international competitiveness in Korea. ADS-B is an important issue, and new element technologies should be considered as essential items which were shown in Capstone project. Nowadays, the free flight concept is combined to Air Transport Road Map such as NextGen project in USA, SESAR in Europe. In this process, free flight is included in the concepts such as ATM(Air Traffic Management), aviation security and safety, environmental protection and economy development, wide area weather variable reduction service, information integration and application between the related authorities (civil/military) etc. The purpose of research is to establish mid-term and long-term infrastructure plan and strategy for free flight realization in Korea. The analysis of action target and equipment construction status, phase construction plan of infrastructure has been performed by considering mid-term and long-term free flight plans of USA and Europe.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• 제37권1호
• /
• pp.81-90
• /
• 2015

International Seabed Authority (ISA) is currently developing rules with regard to exploitation of manganese nodules which will be contained in its first regulations governing the exploitation of deep seabed mineral resources. A stakeholder survey was conducted in the early 2014 by ISA with the aim of facilitating participation of interested entities in the development process of the rules. The stakeholders who had replied to the survey included existing contractors, sponsoring States, environmentalists, academics, and nongovernmental organizations. Opinions given by them largely reflect their own interests. This paper aims to clarify the scope of the obligations regarding the environmental protection which may be imposed on contractors under the new regulations for the exploitation of manganese nodules. To do so, it first analyses the express provisions on environmental protection applicable to deep seabed mining included in the Law of the Sea Convention, its agreement on implementation of Part XI, and the regulations on exploration for manganese nodules. Secondly, it categorizes these obligations based on the categories of international obligations suggested by Combacau and Alland. Based on the categorizations this paper concludes that, in addition to the existing duties to protect deep seabed environment within the Law of the Sea Convention system, the following new obligations could be added: conservation of exploitation sites for a limited time after the contract is ceased; taking all necessary measures for rehabilitation of destroyed ecosystems that occurredas a result of mining activities; monitoring exploitation sites for a limited period time after the contract is ceased; observing rules and standards on safety of ships and environmental protection adopted under IMO instruments; regulation on the discharge of mine tailings from the facilities used for exploitation of deep sea minerals. Lastly, this paper attempts to provide ways of reflecting national interests in terms of potential obligations which may be included in the new regulations.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.63-72
• /
• 2007

교통 표지판은 먼거리에서도 교통 표지라는 것을 쉽게 판별하여 단시간 내에 그 내용을 파악할 수 있어야 한다. 교통 표지판의 도로의 안전 주행에 있어 아주 중요한 객체로 도로 상의 다른 그 무엇보다도 먼저 인간의 시선을 잡아끌어야 한다. 이에 본 논문에서는 인간의 도로 상의 어떤 물체보다도 교통 표지판에 가장 먼저 시선을 집중한다는 가정하에 주의 모듈(Attention Module)을 사용하여 교통 표지판 영역을 추출하는 시스템을 제안하고자 한다. 특히 본 논문에서는 인간의 대상(object)인식과정, 특히 색상처리과정에서 어떠한 특징들이 사용되어지는지를 기존의 정신물리학적, 생리학적 실험결과를 통해 분석하였고, 이 분석결과를 통해 얻어진 특징들을 사용하여 교통 표지판 영역을 추출하였다. 실제 도로위에서 찍은 실영상을 대상으로 실험하였으며, 실험을 통하여 평균 97.8%의 탐지율을 보임을 확인하였다.

• 지능정보연구
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.1-13
• /
• 2006

본 연구는 U-Commerce의 주요 특성이자 이슈인 Seamlessness(연결완전성)와 프라이버시가 강화된 U-Payment 메쏘드를 제안한다. 유비쿼터스 환경에서 나타나는 중요한 사용자 결제환경의 특성은, 사용자의 결제정보 생성 및 변환, 전송 등이 Seamless하게 이루어지는 것과 사용자의 결제 디바이스 기능 및 정보처리능력, 저장능력 등이 매우 강해진다는 점이다. U-Payment 환경에서 예상되는 이러한 특성은 이전의 결제방식과는 다른, 새로운 결제방식을 가능하게 할 것으로 예상되는데, 본 논문은 RFID와 사용자 단말의 강화, 금융기관 계정의 결합을 통해 사용자의 Seamless한 가치를 창출하고, 동시에 프라이버시 보호의 개선이 가능한 U-SDT(Secure Direct Transaction) 프로토콜을 시나리오와 시스템 아키텍처를 통해 설명한다. 또한 이에 수반되는 바람직한 특징으로 결제정보소유의 분리적 구조를 제시한다.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제54권4호
• /
• pp.244-251
• /
• 2010

Standardized parenteral nutrition is required to improve patient's safety, clinical appropriateness and to increase uniformity between institution and institutions. We assessed the consistency with the American society for parenteral and enteral nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.) practice guideline for PN by evaluating current practice process for parenteral nutrition formulation in inpatients pharmacies in Korea. Each question in this survey was based on 2007 A.S.P.E.N. recommendations of standard parenteral nutrition formulation, the American society of health-system pharmacists (ASHP), and the United State Pharmacopoeia (USP) Chapter 797 guideline for compounding parenteral nutritions. All 90 Korean society of hospital pharmacist (KSHP) member directors of pharmacy were requested to respond to the survey in order to compare the survey results to ASHP national survey of pharmacy practice in hospital settings (2002) in compliance with A.S.P.E.N. guideline. We had final response rate of 35.6%. 25 (100%) hospitals complied with this Garb guideline (response rate was 84.4%) which was the highest compliance. Only 17.9% of hospital pharmacies were actively involved in complications monitoring. Monitoring complications and efficacy were least in compliance with the A.S.P.E.N. guideline. 69.0% of Korean pharmacists adjusted medication dosage based on disease state or monitoring laboratory data in compliance with the A.S.P.E.N. guideline. Over 50% of the hospital pharmacies failed to provide and evaluate staff training in aseptic manipulation skills periodically. Korean hospital pharmacies need to comply with the standard practice guideline for compounding sterile preparation in order to provide better quality of parenteral nutrition service for specific patient population.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지반공학회 2010년도 춘계 학술발표회
• /
• pp.1409-1416
• /
• 2010

It is essential to predict a blasting-induced excavation damage zone (EDZ) beyond the proposed excavation line of a tunnel because the unwanted damage area requires extra support system for tunnel safety. Complicated blasting process which may hinder a proper characterization of the damage zone can be effectively represented by two loading mechanisms. The one is a dynamic impulsive load generating stress waves outwards immediately after detonation. The other is a gas pressure that remains for a relatively long time. Since the gas pressure reopens up the arrested cracks and continues to extend some cracks, it contributes to the final formation of EDZ induced by blasting. This paper presents the simple method to evaluate EDZ induced by gas pressure during blasting in rock. The EDZ is characterized by analyzing crack propagation from the blasthole. To do this, a model of the blasthole with a number of radial cracks of equal length in an infinite elastic plane is considered. In this model, the crack propagation is simulated by using three conditions, the crack propagation criterion, the mass conservation of the gas, and the adiabatic condition. As a result, the stress intensity factor of the crack generally decreases as crack propagates from the blasthole so that the length of the crack is determined. In addition, the effect of rock properties, initial number of cracks, and the adiabatic exponent are investigated.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• 제41권2호
• /
• pp.155-159
• /
• 2016

Background: Nuclear reactors produce a great number of antielectron neutrinos mainly from beta-decay chains of fission products. Such neutrinos have energies mostly in MeV range. We are interested in neutrinos in a region of keV, since they may take part in special weak interactions. We calculate reactor antineutrino spectra especially in the low energy region. In this work we present neutrino spectrum from a typical pressurized water reactor (PWR) reactor core. Materials and Methods: To calculate neutrino spectra, we need information about all generated nuclides that emit neutrinos. They are mainly fission fragments, reaction products and trans-uranium nuclides that undergo negative beta decay. Information in relation to trans-uranium nuclide compositions and its evolution in time (burn-up process) were provided by a reactor code MVP-BURN. We used typical PWR parameter input for MVP-BURN code and assumed the reactor to be operated continuously for 1 year (12 months) in a steady thermal power (3.4 GWth). The PWR has three fuel compositions of 2.0, 3.5 and 4.1 wt% $^{235}U$ contents. For preliminary calculation we adopted a standard burn-up chain model provided by MVP-BURN. The chain model treated 21 heavy nuclides and 50 fission products. The MVB-BURN code utilized JENDL 3.3 as nuclear data library. Results and Discussion: We confirm that the antielectron neutrino flux in the low energy region increases with burn-up of nuclear fuel. The antielectron-neutrino spectrum in low energy region is influenced by beta emitter nuclides with low Q value in beta decay (e.g. $^{241}Pu$) which is influenced by burp-up level: Low energy antielectron-neutrino spectra or emission rates increase when beta emitters with low Q value in beta decay accumulate Conclusion: Our result shows the flux of low energy reactor neutrinos increases with burn-up of nuclear fuel.

• 한국임상약학회지
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.213-220
• /
• 2010

Therapeutic duplication (TD) is a serious problem that frequently occurring primarily in the ambulatory setting in Korea. Implementation of concurrent drug utilization review (DUR) is a promising way to reduce inappropriate prescription and dispensing, and improve patient safety. This study was aimed to develop the process of DUR module of TD. Sixty-five drug ingredients classified into the drug category of the antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory drug approved in Korea (The KFDA-dess nated classification codes of 114 or 264) were reviewed for this purpose. The drug ingredients (and products) were reclassified based on WHO's Anatomical, Therapeutic and Chemical (ATC) classification system. The clinical practice guidelines, textbooks and product labels on therapeutic uses of these drugs in Korea and several fores n countries were reviewed. If the drugs were categorized into the same therapeutically duplicable class, they were defined not to be used concurrently because the concurrent use was "therapeutically duplicated (unnecessary or even harmful)". Among the studied drug products, the following 5 drug classes were considto beas "therapeutic duplication": (1), on-t tooid DURnti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs, including s Dicylates), (2),Anilidts, (3),Opioids, (4) Ergot Dk Doids and (5) 5-$HT_1$ receptor agonot s. Therefore, concurrent prescribing or dispensing of more than 2 drug ingredients any in the above same classes should be considered as TD and needed to be warrant for careful review by pharmacists before dispensing.