• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 2011

Various algorithms and system development are being required to support the advanced decision making of navigation information support system because of a serious loss of lives and property accidents by officer's error like as carelessness and decision faults. Much of researchers have introduced the techniques about the systems, but they hardly consider environmental factors. In this paper, We collect the context information in order to assess the risk, which is considered the various factor of the sailing ship, then extract the features of knowledge context, which is to apply the weight of correlation coefficients among data in context information. We decide the risk after the extract features through the classification and prediction of context information, and compare the value accuracy of proposed method in order to compare efficiency of the weighted value with the non-weighted value. As a result of experience, we know that the method of weight properties effectively reflect the marine environment because the weight accurate better than the non-weighted.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.171-177
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• 2014

PWM converter trains exhibit excellent load characteristics in comparison with conventional phase-controlled trains with low power factors, as they can be operated at power factors which are close to unity by means of a voltage vector control method. However, in the case of a high track density or extended feeding, significant line losses and voltage drops can occur. Instead of operating these trains at a fixed unity power factor, this paper suggests a continuous optimal power factor control scheme for each train in an effort to minimize line losses and improve voltage drops according to varying load conditions. The proposed method utilizes the steepest descent algorithm targeting each car in the same feeding section to establish the optimized reactive power compensation levels that can minimize the reactive power loss of the feeder. The results from a simulation of a sample system show that voltage drops can be improved and line losses decreased.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.498-505
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• 2016

Background Algae have traditionally been used for promotion of hair growth. Use of hair regrowth drugs, such as minoxidil, is limited due to side effects. The aim of this study was to examine a mixture of Saccharina japonica and Undaria pinnatifida (L-U mixture) on hair growth and to compare the promoting effect of hair growth by a 3% minoxidil and a L-U mixture. Methods To evaluate the hair growth-promoting activity, saline, 50% ethanol, 3% minoxidil, and the L-U mixture were applied 2 times a day for a total of 14 days on the dorsal skin of C57BL/6 mice after depilation. Analysis was determined by using a high-resolution hair analysis system, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and H&E staining. Results On day 14, the hair growth effect of the L-U mixture was the same as that of the 3% minoxidil treatment. The L-U mixture significantly (P<0.05) stimulated hair growth-promoting genes, as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and insulin-like growth factor -1. Increase of VEGF was observed in the L-U mixture group compared with minoxidil and the negative control. In contrast, the L-U mixture suppressed the expression of transforming growth factor-${\beta}1$, which is the hair loss-related gene. In histological examination in the L-U mixture and minoxidil groups, the induction of an anagen stage of hair follicles was faster than that of control groups. Conclusions This study provides evidence that the L-U mixture can promote hair growth in mice, similar to the effect from minoxidil, and suggests that there is potential application for hair loss treatments.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.37A no.9
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• pp.728-737
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• 2012

An analytical method for identifying terrestrial broadcasting coverages is proposed for a terrestrial broadcasting transmission system adopting a hierarchical modulation technique. Bit Error Rates(BERs) are derived for hierarchically modulated non-uniform QAM constellations based on the Q-function analysis in AWGN environments. The derived BERs depend on the hierarchical modulation factor ${\alpha}$(HMF) and could be mapped to the broadcasting coverages according to the link budget analysis based on the log-distance path loss model. Finally the broadcasting coverage ratios for high priority(HP) streams and low priority(LP) streams are calculated and presented for the determination of the HMF.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.62-69
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• 2005

This paper presents the improved AC/DC PFC(Power-Factor-Correction) ZVT(Zero-Voltage-Transition) Boost Converter. The conventional AC/DC PFC ZVT Boost Converter minimizes the switching loss of the main switch within all of the load range. That is because AC/DC PFC ZVT Boost converter makes the main switch and the auxiliary switch turn on simultaneously so that it makes ZVS (Zero-Voltage-Switching) possible at the light load. However, it has two problems that ale large loss of the auxiliary switch and the increasing of the reverse current of the main switch. Therefore this research presents high efficiency to reduce the current stress of the auxiliary switch and the reverse current of main switch by adding a diode to the conventional ZVT converter. The prototype of 640[W], 100[kHz] system using MOSFET is implemented for this experimental verification.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.129-132
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• 2003

In this paper, cobalt (Co)-electrode FBAR devices fabricated on seven-layered Bragg Reflectors are presented along with their resonance characteristics. ZnO films are used as the resonating material in FBAR devices where the Co electrode is 3000${\AA}$ thick. All processes are preformed in an RF magnetron sputtering system. As a result of characterization, the resonance characteristics are observed to depend strongly on the quality of ZnO film and Bragg Reflectors. In addition, the FBAR devices with W/$SiO_2$ reflectors show good resonance characteristics in term of return loss and quality-factor (Q-factor).

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.236-247
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• 2009

In Korea, the driving system restriction criteria is strictly applied(gross weight 400kN, axial load 100kN). Especially after the Seoungsu Bridge accident, safety factor has been strictly applied. The Safety factor is applied to the cumulative results for each steps like design, construction, maintenance of the Bridge. Because of it, the bridge is undervalued compared to its capacity. So, this generates loss for both private and military sector(eg. logistical delays, structural damage, etc.). But analyzing data from many existing researches we have confirmed that the military heavy vehicle may pass through the first class bridges. In consequence, this study have focused on determining whether HETS vehicles can pass over the first class bridge, without safety issues, using MIDAS structural analysis program. The results have confirmed that the military heavy vehicle may pass over the bridge.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.174-181
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• 2017

Ferroptosis is a newly recognized type of cell death that results from iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and is different from other types of cell death, such as apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagic cell death. This type of cell death is characterized by mitochondrial shrinkage with an increased mitochondrial membrane density and outer mitochondrial membrane rupture. Ferroptosis can be induced by a loss of activity of system $X_c{^-}$ and the inhibition of glutathione peroxidase 4, followed by the accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, inactivation of the mevalonate and transsulfuration pathways is involved in the induction of ferroptosis. Moreover, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase and p53 promote ferroptosis by increasing ROS production, while heat shock protein beta-1 and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 inhibit ferroptosis by reducing iron uptake. This article outlines the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways of ferroptosis regulation, and explains the roles of ferroptosis in human disease.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.381-384
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• 2003

In this paper, cobalt (Co)-electrode FBAR devices fabricated on seven-layered Bragg Reflectors are presented along with their resonance characteristics. ZnO films are used as the resonating material in FBAR devices where the Co electrode is 3000$\AA$ thick. All processes are preformed in an RF magnetron sputtering system. As a result of characterization, the resonance characteristics are observed to depend strongly on the quality of ZnO film and Bragg Reflectors. In addition, the FBAR devices with W/SiO$_2$ reflectors show good resonance characteristics in term of return loss and quality-factor (Q-factor).

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.27 no.6B
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• pp.593-600
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• 2002

The reverse link signal power required for multimedia traffic in multipath faded single-code (SC-) and multi-code CDMA (MC-CDMA) systems is investigated. The effect of orthogonality loss among multiple spreading code channels is herein characterized by the orthogonality factor. The required signal power in both the CDMA systems is then analyzed in terms of the relative required signal power ratio of data to voice traffic. The effect of varying system parameters including spreading bandwidth, the of orthogonality factor, and the number of spreading codes are examined. Analytical results show that MC-CDMA users transmitting only a single traffic type require significantly more power than SC-CDMA users with only a single traffic type. On the other hand, MC-CDMA users transmitting multimedia traffic require power levels approximately identical to SC-CDMA users with multimedia traffic. The results can be used in the design of radio resource management (e.g., power allocation) scheme for wireless multimedia services.