• 영어영문학
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.1047-1065
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• 2010

English inversion constructions are not only hard for non-native speakers to learn but also difficult to teach mainly because of their intriguing grammatical and discourse properties. This paper addresses grammatical issues in learning or teaching the so-called 'predicate inversion (PI)' construction (e.g., Equally important in terms of forest depletion is the continuous logging of the forests). In particular, we chart the grammatical (distributional, syntactic, semantic, pragmatic) properties of the PI construction, and argue for adata-driven teaching for English grammar. To depart from the arm-chaired style of grammar teaching (relying on author-made simple sentences), our teaching method introduces a datadriven teaching. With total 25 university students in a grammar-related class, students together have analyzed the British Component of the International Corpus of English (ICE-GB), containing about one million words distributed across a variety of textual categories. We have identified total 290 PI sentences (206 from spoken and 87 from written texts). The preposed syntactic categories of the PI involve five main types: AdvP, PP, VP(ed/ing), NP, AP, and so, all of which function as the complement of the copula. In terms of discourse, we have observed, supporting Birner and Ward's (1998) observation that these preposed phrases represent more familiar information than the postposed subject. The corpus examples gave us the three possible types: The preposed element is discourse-old whereas the postposed one is discourse-new as in Putting wire mesh over a few bricks is a good idea. Both preposed and postposed elements can also be discourse new as in But a fly in the ointment is inflation. These two elements can also be discourse old as in Racing with him on the near-side is Rinus. The dominant occurrence of the PI in the spoken texts also supports the view that the balance (or scene-setting) in information structure is the main trigger for the use of the PI construction. After being exposed to the real data and in-depth syntactic as well as informationstructure analysis of the PI construction, it is proved that the class students have had a farmore clear understanding of the construction in question and have realized that grammar does not mean to live on by itself but tightly interacts with other important grammatical components such as information structure. The study directs us toward both a datadriven and interactive grammar teaching.

• 한국언어정보학회지:언어와정보
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.77-96
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• 2007

This paper investigates syntactic variations in English such as Dative Alternation, Particle Inversion, and Object Postposition (Heavy NP Shift) within the framework of Optimality Theory, and shows that the same set of morphological, informational, and processing constraints affect all these variations. In particular, it shows that the variants that used to be regarded as ungrammatical are in fact used fairly often in reality, especially when processing or informational conditions are met, and therefore, grammatical judgment may not be always categorical but sometimes gradient. It is argued that the notion of distance in constraint ranking in stochastic OT can effectively explain the gradience and variability of grammaticality in the variation phenomena.

• 대한음성학회지:말소리
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• 제63호
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• pp.23-46
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• 2007

The purpose of this paper is to compare linguistic features of meter in Amoretti and Sonnets from the Portuguese. Amoretti was composed in the 16th century and Sonnets from the Portuguese in the 19th century. Two poems are very strict in satisfying $^*<_I$(LS that makes a lexical stress matched on a strong position. But they allow a peaked monosyllabic word to be matched on a weak position only if it does not violate $^*(\dot{\sigma}\;{\sigma})$. Syntactic inversions which are found in two poems occur to satisfy metrical constraints and rhyme. Particularly, syntactic inversions for rhyme are mainly found in Amoretti, but are rare in Sonnets from the Portuguese which includes many enjambment lines. Furthermore, this paper shows that syntactic inversions can be explained by the interaction of constraints, such as metrical constraints, SCI, and Binary Foot.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2004년도 ICEIC The International Conference on Electronics Informations and Communications
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• pp.382-386
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• 2004

Recently, with the machine learning trend, most of the machine translation systems on over the world use two syntax tree sets of two relevant languages to learn syntactic tree transfer rules. However, for the English-Vietnamese language pair, this approach is impossible because until now we have not had a Vietnamese syntactic tree set which is correspondent to English one. Building of a very large correspondent Vietnamese syntactic tree set (thousands of trees) requires so much work and take the investment of specialists in linguistics. To take advantage from our available English-Vietnamese Corpus (EVC) which was tagged in word alignment, we choose the SITG (Stochastic Inversion Transduction Grammar) model to construct English- Vietnamese syntactic tree sets automatically. This model is used to parse two languages at the same time and then carry out the syntactic tree transfer. This English-Vietnamese bilingual syntactic tree set is the basic training data to carry out transferring automatically from English syntactic trees to Vietnamese ones by machine learning models. We tested the syntax analysis by comparing over 10,000 sentences in the amount of 500,000 sentences of our English-Vietnamese bilingual corpus and first stage got encouraging result $(analyzed\;about\;80\%)[5].$ We have made use the TBL algorithm (Transformation Based Learning) to carry out automatic transformations from English syntactic trees to Vietnamese ones based on that parallel syntactic tree transfer set[6].

• 한국영어학회지:영어학
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.37-54
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 문장의 어떤 구성성분을 앞으로 이동한 후 주어-동사의 표준어순으로 나타나는 전치문과 동사-주어의 비표준어순으로 나타나는 도치문에 대하여 각각의 통사적 특징과 담화 화용론적 기능을 살펴보고, 전치문과 도치문을 비교하여 그 차이점과 공통점을 알아보았다. 다양한 구성요소의 이동에 따라 명사구 전치, 전치사구 전치, 형용사구 전치, 동사구 전치, 분사구 전치 등으로 구별되어 고려되어왔던 다양한 전치문들을 주제화라는 하나의 통합된 규칙으로 설명하였으며, 모든 전치 구성성분은 현 담화를 이전담화에 연결시키며, 이전 담화로부터 주어진 요소임과 동시에 현 담화의 틀을 제공한다는 점에서 그 문장 또는 그 담화의 주제라고 보았다. Ward(1990)가 논의한 동사구 전치의 네 가지 기능, 즉 독립적 명제확인, 양보적확인, 정도확인, 명제유보의 기능을 하나로 일반화하여 주제에 대한 논평을 첨가하는 ‘주제+논평’ 구조로 보았다. 전치와 후치를 모두 포함하고 있는 도치문에서 전치되는 요소들은 문장 또는 담화 내에서 구정보를, 후치된 성분은 신정보를 표시한다. 즉, 문장요소의 담화상의 친숙도가 이동하는 구성성분의 문장내의 위치를 결정하는데 결정적이다. 도치문에서 전치된 요소는 문장 내에서 ‘실용’, ‘연결’, ‘강조’, ‘소개’ 등의 다양한 기능을 하는데 이를 전치성분은 후치된 명사구를 이전 담화에 명시적으로 나타났거나 추론가능한 정보와 연결하는 ‘연결’기능을 하는 것으로 설명하였다. 전치문과 도치문은 이전 담화와 어떻게든 연결관계를 갖는다는 것이 공통적인데, 전치문에서 전치요소는 절대적인 구정보를 표시하나, 도치문에서는 담화상 상대적 구정보를 표시하기만 하면 된다. 이것으로 화자가 발화시 전치시키는 요소는 그 요소가 청자의 지식 내에서 어떤 정보상태에 있다고 화자가 평가하는가에 따라 전치문을 선택할지 도치문을 선택할지가 결정됨을 알 수 있다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제28권11호
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• pp.822-832
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• 2001

주어진 사례의 집합으로부터 그 사례들을 분류할 수 있는 프러스펙터 규칙 유형의 분류 규칙들을 습득하는 학습 시스템을 유전자 알고리즘을 이용하여 구현하였다. 유전자 알고리즘을 이용한 학습 시스템의 구현에서 개체 집단은 규칙 집합으로 구성되고 규칙 집합은 교배, 돌연 변이, 역치 연산자 등의 유전 연산자를 이용하여 규칙 집합내의 규칙을 교환함으로써 새로운 자식을 생성한다. 본 논문에서는 구현된 학습 환경을 분류 규칙의 구문 형태와 의미, 개체 집단의 구조 및 유전 연산자의 구현 등을 중심으로 설명한다. 효율적인 돌연변이 연산자의 구현을 위해 개발된 규칙 성능 평가 기법과 규칙생성 기법을 소개하고 분류 성능을 향상시키기 위한 기법으로 다수의 규칙 집합을 이용하여 분류 시스템을 구축하기 위한 기법을 소개한다. 본 연구를 통해 구현된 학습 시스템의 성능을 다양한 사례 집합을 이용하여 평가하고 이를 신경망, 결정 트리 등과 비교하였다.