• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.69-92
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• 2001

The purposes of this study were to offer foundation making more certain standards of musculoskeletal disorder diagnosis, We researched musculoskeletal symptoms degrees, frequencies, and cares and then examined relation between musculoskeletal symptoms and diagnosis of musculoskeletal conditions using moire topography among workers at an automobile manufacturing plant. Therefore we propose the possibility of moire topography as diagnosing utilities of musculoskeletal disorders. Methods: This study was to examine the general characteristics, complaints of musculoskeletal symptoms, and work-related musculoskeletal disorder rates of cervicobrachial and lumbar area by survey among 435 workers at an automobile manufacturing plant and then to show each frequency and percentage, In the diagnosis using moire topography, we studied pain control necessity of cervicobrachial and lumbar area, 435 subjects were classified by 5 levels: A(no symptoms), B(need management), C(need treatment) and then more divided by B1(light symptoms)/B2(heavy symptoms), C1(light symptoms)/C2(heavy symptoms), And musculoskeletal areas were divided by 2 parts, cervicobrachial area(neck, shoulder, arm&elbow, and wrist&hand) and lumbar area, Then, frequency and percentage of each musculoskeletal areas(cervicobrachial and lumbar area) were appeared. At last, Pearson's chi-square test analysis was utilized to observe the relation between diagnosis using moire topography and general characteristics and the relation between diagnosis using moire topography and work-related complaint of musculoskeletal symptoms of cervicobrachial and lumbar area, Results: The subjects employed for this research were categorized into; by gender, all of them were males(l00%): by age, under 35 years 12 %, 36-40 years 56.3%, 41-45 years 26.3 %, and above 46 years 5.3% with 36-40 years accounting for most of it. By living location, owned houses represented 69.7%, rented houses 23.4%, monthly-rented 1.6%, the others 5.3%; by education, middle school and lower represented 3.0%, high school 89.4%, and junior college and higher 7.6% with high school occupying most of the group. By marital status, married represented 95.2%, unmarried 4.1%, and the others 0.7% with most of them married; by alcohol, drinking represented 81.8% and non-drinking 18.2%; by smoking status, smoking represented 53.6%, non-smoking 46.4% with no big difference between them. By working time(hours/week), below 50 represented 26.9%, 50-60 67.6%, above 60 5.5%; by working time(hours/day), below 9 represented 21.6%, 10-12 73.1%, above 13 5.3%; by job tenure(years), below 10 represented 25.1%, 11-15 54.3%, 16-20 15.2%, above 21 5.5%. By personal income per year, below 30 million won represented 11.0%, 30-40 84.8%, above 40 4.1%; by sleeping hours, below 6 hours represented 26.7%, 7-8 hours 69.9%, above 9 hours 3.4%. Complaint rates of musculoskeletal symptoms and work-related musculoskeletal disorder rates were 63.9% and 54.9% with shoulder area occupying most of both them. By pain degree of musculoskeletal symptoms, shoulder area represented $2.73{\pm}0.84$, lumbar area $2.66{\pm}0.86$, wrist and hand area $2.59{\pm}0.86$, neck area $2.55{\pm}0.74$, and arm and elbow area $2.48{\pm}0.71$. By cares about musculoskeletal symptoms, taking medication or care represented 34.4%-46.7%, absence or leave 15.4%-28.7%, and job transfer 6.3%-11.5%. So experienced cases more than one thing among cares about musculoskeletal symptoms represented 39.6%-54%. In the diagnosis using moire topography, pain control necessity of cervicobrachial area was shown below; A(no symptoms) 20.7%, B1(need management/light symptoms) 64.6%, B2(need management/heavy symptoms) 11.5%, C1(need treatment/light symptoms) 3.0%, C2(need treatment/heavy symptoms) 0.2%. By lumbar area, A(no symptoms) 8.7%, B1(need management/light symptoms) 52.2%, B2(need management/heavy symptoms) 30.3%, C1(need treatment/light symptoms) 8.7%, C2(need treatment/heavy symptoms) was none. In the relation between pain control necessity and general characteristics, age(P=0.013), education(P=0.000), and job tenure(P=0.012) with pain control necessity showed differences with significance. The relation between pain control necessity and complaint of musculoskeletal symptoms of cervicobrachial and lumbar area showed no difference with significance; in cervicobrachial area represented P=0.708, lumbar area P=0.318 Conclusions: This study for musculoskeletal symptoms on workers at automobile manufacturing plant showed that complaint rates of musculoskeletal symptoms for cervicobrachial and lumbar area were so high, 63.9%. But Pearson's chi-square test analysis was utilized to study the relation between musculoskeletal symptoms and the diagnosis using moire topography, showed no differences with significance. They have no differences with significance, but the prevalence rates of diagnosis using moire topography for cervicobrachial and lumbar area were more higher than complaint rates of musculoskeletal symptoms; complaint rates of musculoskeletal symptoms were 52.4%, 34.5% and the diagnosis using moire topography were 79.3%, 91.3% for cervicobrachial and lumbar area. The results of this study indicate that the diagnosis using moire topography can find weak musculoskeletal disorders that an individual can not feel, not be judged work-related musculoskeletal disease. Therefore, this study has an important meaning that diagnosis using moire topography can predict and control own physical condition complete musculoskeletal disorders beforehand, since oriental medicine theory considers that prevention is important.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.671-681
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was to evaluate the association between perceived oral health and perceived oral symptoms among adults in Daegu. Methods : All 437 subjects aged 18 or more selected convenience sampling were surveyed cross-sectionally via the self-administrated questionnaire. The questionnaire was measured perceived oral symptoms and perceived oral health, and also obtained socio-demographic characteristics, oral health behaviors. To assess the crude associations, bivariate analysis were applied. For the adjusted association between perceived oral health and perceived oral symptoms, multivariate linear regression multiple regression analysis was conducted. Results : 33.2% of the adults rated their perceived oral health was good, and 30.9% as poor. Older age, low education, had peridontal disease was negatively perceived their oral health(p<0.05). As oral symptoms were more frequently perceived, the perceived oral health were negative. Among the factors of perceived oral symptoms, trouble biting/chewing, poor periodontal status, trouble of appearance of teeth were positively associated with the perceived oral health after adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics, oral health behaviors in the regression model. Age, education, income, recent dental treatment, and all perceived oral symptoms showed the highest impact of association with perceived oral health in the baseline-category logit model. Conclusions : Perceived oral health are significantly associated with perceived oral symptoms among adults in Daegu. The findings of this study will be helpful to design plans of oral health promotion in welfare institutions to increase the oral health related quality of life among the adults.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.136-143
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to analyze relationship between the role conflict and self-reported climacteric symptoms in the middle-aged industrial female workers. The data were collected by self-reported questionnaire from Nov. 1 to Nov. 30, 1996. The subjects were 201 women whose age, between 40 and 59 years. The analysis of data was t-test, ANOVA, $Scheff{\grave{e}}$ test, Pearson correlation coefficient analysis, Stepwise multiple regression analysis. The results were as follows : 1. 54.8% of the respondents had their climacteric symptom in middle life. 2. Age and religion affected significantly self-reported climacteric symptoms(F=4.2, P=.007 ; t=-2.1, P=0.42). 3. A comparison between two groups, with high and low rate of self-reported climacteric symptoms, indicated that for middle-aged industrial female workers when role conflict is high, climacteric symptoms is high(t=7.8, P=.000). 4. The relationship between self-reported climacteric symptoms and role conflict was positively significant(r=.5, P=.000). 5. The role conflict as a spouse affected significantly self-reported climacteric symptoms(F=52.6, P=.000). Role conflict the role as a spouse was explained 21% of self-reported climacteric symptoms. In conclusion, role conflict is the dominant factor in influencing self-reported climacteric symptoms.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.295-309
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• 1999

This study was done to Identify the relations between psychosocial factors and symptoms of patient with rheumatoid arthritis. Its subjects were 150 outpatients selected at H. Rheumatism clinic from July to August in 1998. Data were collected by means of questionnaires using interview. Those data were analyzed by Frequency, t-test, ANOVA, pearson's correlation using SPSS window 8.0. The results were as follows : 1) The level of family support was relatively high and the level of self-efficacy and performance of daily living activities were average. Among their symptoms, fatigue and pain were frequent problems. 2) Family support was different by educational level, self-efficacy and physical, psychological symptoms were different by performance of regular exercise. 3) The family support was inversely related to physical symptoms especially ADL, while it was not related to psychological symptoms except a reverse correlation between depression and anxiety, and family support. Self-efficacy held a reverse correlation with both physical and psychological symptoms. And there was a close relationship between symptoms. In conclusion it was found that the promotion of family support, self-efficacy and exercise-performance holds a key post in reducing symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.211-220
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was done to identify the relationship of trait anger, health state, physical symptoms. and general characteristics to physical symptoms and to identify factors affecting physical symptoms of elderly in urban areas. Methods: The research design for this study was a descriptive survey design using a convenience sampling. Elders (n=276), who agreed to participate in this study completed a self-reporting questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression. Results: Study participants reported low trait anger (M=18.61), physical symptoms (M=7.15), and moderate health state (M=3.30). The 45.4%of variance in physical symptoms was significantly explained by emotional function health state (${\beta}$=-.284, p=.013), which is one of the sub-domain of the elderly health state, and trait anger (${\beta}$=3.841, p<.001). Conclusion: Findings of this study provide that the most important factors in explaining physical symptoms for the elders in Korea were emotional function health state and trait anger. Based on the findings of this study, further nursing practice and nursing research for the elders with physical symptoms should be focused on emotional support.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.39-49
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• 2013

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms and factors related to daily activities in a representative Korean population. Methods: This study was based on the questions about musculoskeletal symptoms in the Korean General Social Survey 2010. The questionnaire about musculoskeletal symptoms was adopted from Korean Occupational Safety and Health Agency guide, and it includes general characteristics, characteristics of pain, work type, work intensity and a 12-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12). We utilized the criteria of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health to define the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms. Demographic, behavioral and socioeconomic factors were analyzed using logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms was 38.3%. The prevalence was higher in females, the elderly, those without health insurance, and those with a low income, low education, and occupations with a heavy workload. The prevalence by body part was highest in the back, shoulder, and knee, in that order. The physical component summary and mental component summary of the SF-12 decreased with increasing musculoskeletal symptoms. Conclusions: Musculoskeletal symptoms are very common in the general population, and related to various socio-demographic factors. These results suggest that active prevention and management of musculoskeletal symptoms is needed at a national level.

• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.138-149
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• 2002

During the period from may to June 2000, a questionnaire study was carried out on 65 male radiological technologist who had been engaged at VDT work, to find out correlation their symptoms to VDT syndrome factors, work environment and condition. The results were as follows : 1. The mean age was 41.0 years, the mean relay working time was 3.75 hours and the mean duration of using computer monitor was 5.9 years, the satisfactory of working was 44.6% the others 55.4%, among these, 3.1% had symptoms before using the VDT and the others had not. 2. The prevalence of symptoms was the highest on wholebody tired, followed by eye, neck, low back, in decreased order and the lowest was fatique of wrist. 3. There was not significant correlation of symptoms to age, but significant to working time, working duration. 4. There was not significant correlation of symptoms to satisfactory. 5. Working desk, monitor, illuminations, temperature, and noise were significantly related to symptoms. 6. There was significant relation of symptoms to CT, MRI workers.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.251-259
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• 2002

The purpose of the study was to investigate physical stress symptoms and health risk behaviors of adolescent athletes and high school students as a basis for providing a health promotion program of adolescent athletes. The subjects consisted of 160 male students of a physical education high school(athletes) in Kyonggi and 147 male high school students(non-athletes) in Seoul. Data was obtained from the physical stress symptoms and the health risk behaviors questionnaire. The result were as follows : 1. Physical stress symptoms didn't make significant difference between groups. GI symptom, as the subscale of physical stress symptoms of non-athletes were higher then those of athletes. The highest ranked physical stress symptoms in athletes was cardiopulmonary symptom Ⅱ(upper respiratory symptoms) and in non- athletes was central-neurological symptoms. 2. Health risk behaviors didn't make significant difference between groups. Weight control, as the subscale of health risk behaviors of athletes were higher then those of non-athletes. The highest ranked health risk behaviors in athletes was alcohol and in non-athletes was smoking. 3.There were the low positive correlation between physical stress symptoms and health risk behaviors.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.75-82
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• 1996

Object : The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes of positive stmtoms. negative symptoms, and depressive symptoms after fluoxetine trial in haloperidol-stabilized schizophrenic in-patients. Method : Fluoxetine(20mg/day) was added for 6weeks to stable doses of haloperidol given to 32 schizophrenic in-patients. The subjects was divided into positive and negative schizophrenics by PANSS. The authors checked PANSS. HRSD at baseline, the 2nd week. the 4th week, the 6th week of treatment. Result were as follows : 1) In all subjects, positive and depressive symptoms were significantly improved. 2) As time went on, positive and negative symptoms were not significantly improved in positive and negative schizophrenics. 3) As time went on, depressive symptoms were not significantly improved in positive and negative schizophrenics. Conclusion : We suggested that fluoxetine may be useful in the treatment of positive symptoms in schizophrenia and, It may be due to the effect on the serotonin system and the interaction between serotonin and dopamine system.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.308-318
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the level of emotional labor, social support, and depressive symptoms of nurses, and the relationships among them. Methods: The data were collected from 314 nurses. Surface and deep-acting scales of the Emotional Labor Scale (ELS), the personal resource questionnaire, the organizational support scale, and the Korean version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Rating Scale for Depression (CES-D) were used. Collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Scheffe test. Results: Fifty six percent of total subjects had mild or major depressive symptoms. As the level of surface-acting of ELS was higher, so was the level of depressive symptoms, while as the level of individual and organizational support was higher, the level of depressive symptoms was lower. Conclusion: It is necessary to provide organizational-level support and to manage surface-acting in order to prevent the nurses' depressive symptoms. In particular, for the nurses who show relatively higher level of depressive symptoms; who are in 20s and have short employed years or not married, it is urgently required to be provided depressive symptoms management programs that targeted for those nurses.