• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.119-126
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• 2017

Developing the TCP/IP standard IBA which is higher organization of IETF decided to attach the TCP/IP protocol stack to small things, such as sensor. This means small object is also considered as on of the communication node, it has symbolic meaning that expand smart object has all five layer. Under this background, IoT/WoT configure the intelligent network between objects based on the internet to communication was introduced. Things has own IP address on IoT environment and are smart object that a lot of people communicate over the internet on Application Layer. In other words, IoT is that smart object are commercialized space. According to the interest of IoT, IETF establish CoAP for use as IoT protocol. CoAP is expected that standard protocols created by things is connected to the Internet protocol that can be used within a constrained environment. Accordingly, in this paper, we proposed Middleware API that can manage and collect the data of objects that connected CoAP network.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.13-25
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to show the analysis system and the expression which is applied to fashion illustration by three major components in visual sign, metaphor and metonymy. The results of this study were as follows : Firstly, metaphor in qualisign of syntactics was revealed as a color such as realistic description, a pattern such as clothing of figure. etc. Metonymy was revealed as a social and cultural background color, a concept pattern. etc. In sinsign of syntactics. metaphor was revealed as a human body, non-human body and metamorphosis human body and metonymy as a human body and non-human body. In legisign of syntactics, the metaphor by perspective was used for a fantasy of space. and the metonymy was revealed as a color perspective representation, etc. The degree of change of texture was revealed as a metaphor and metonymy of gradation. And conventional custom sign was almost revealed in metaphor. Secondly, semantics showed about fashion image as juxtaposition of two similar objects in metaphor and as real description and simplification in metonymy Alternative fashion image in semantics was presented as a object related to fashion image. Conventional symbolic sign was presented as a role to clarify a fashion message in metaphor. Thirdly, the metaphorical and metonymical expression in pragmatics were usually presented as drawing and painting.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.65 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2015

Magic realism, which originated in the culture of Central and South America, creates a fantastic fictional word by linking unrelated incidents using magical. The purpose of this study was to analyze Tarsem Singh's design characteristics that are based on magic realism in his movies, "The Cell" and "The Fall", and to highlight the artistic values appearing in the films. The research was conducted by observing the characteristics and concept of magic realism based on literature and preceding research, and discovering how Singh expressed these creatively and experimentally within the costumes in his films. The results of the study were as follows: Firstly, magical, legendary and symbolic characteristics appear within the fantasy of magical realism, and common techniques within film costuming include repetition of similar objects, solid silhouettes within scenes, and various decorative materials used for fantastic expression. Secondly, regarding ideality, the destruction of previous ideas and recreation of the present were found with materials and details used in film costuming to destroy previous ideas. Expressions of character through external decoration and depiction of living things as not living were also found. Thirdly, reiteration showed the coexistence of history and legend, reality and fantastic elements, and arrangement of opposing elements.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.39-51
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• 2010

The purpose of this article is to study students' responses to non-routine problems which are presented by using solely numerals or symbolic figures. Such figures have no mathematical meaning but just symbolical meaning. Most students understand geometric figures more concrete objects than numerals because geometric figures such as circles and squares can be visualized by the manipulatives in real life. And since students need not consider (unvisible) any operational structure of numerals when they deal with (visible) figures, problems proposed using figures are considered relatively easier to them than those proposed using numerals. Under this assumption, we analyze students' problem solving processes of numeral problems and figural problems, and then find out when students' difficulties arise in the problem solving process and how they response when they feel difficulties. From this experiment, we will suggest several comments which would be considered in the development and application of both numerical and figural problems.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.25
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• pp.111-118
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• 2000

This study examines the space composition and character of Elizabethan Theater base on the theory of drama and Shakespeares play in the english traditional theater. Contemporary multi purpose theater and public space is considered as a symbolic representation of the Elizabethan theaters organization and renaissance culture. In the historical theory, the Shakespeares theater was a common tool and best systeme in reflecting peoples lives. This role of theater as mass culture and new style of theater permanent design has get its value with the population increase and the urban centralization of the city and urban common sense. This study attempts to reevaluate the need of public space in modern society through a critical review of theater and its use as a open space design. Content analysis was used to discuss the topics of this study including the historical background of the theater, the relationship between Greek culture and modern design, and the role of scenery, auditorium and its impact on urban environment. The scope of the study is limited to the comparison of Elizabethan theater and space use program from the space critic and sociologist. Today the concept of theatrical space is altered with the advent of non-objects and multi media space. This study provides insights for the future implications of theatrical space in developing public space for its a new definition as cultural representation.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.26
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• pp.35-41
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• 2001

This study examines the space composition and character of Baroque Theater base on the theory of drama and play in the european traditional theater. Contemporary multi purpose theater and public space is considered as a symbolic representation of the baroque theater's organization. In the historical theory, baroque theater was a common tool and best systeme in reflecting people's lives. The role of theater as mass culture and new style of theater permanent design had get its value with the population increase and the urban centralization of the city and urban common sense. This study attempts to reevaluate the need of public space in modern society through a critical review of theater and its use as a open space design. Content analysis was used to discuss the topics of this study including the historical background of the theater, the relationship between renaissance culture and modern theater design, and the role of scenery, auditorium and its impact on urban environment. The scope of the study is limited to the comparison of baroque theater and space use program from the space critic and sociologist. Today the concept of theatrical space is altered with the advent of non-objects and multi media space. This study provides insights for the future implications of theatrical space in developing public space for its a new definition as cultural representation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.29-46
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• 2009

Aiming at finding symbolistic meanings and characteristics of makeup in Chinese Beijing Opera("BO"), this study formulated a theoretical framework mainly from literature in the Symbolism and symbolistically analyzed materials related to BO makeup from literature, internet web pages and illustrated news concerning performing arts. Main objects to analyze are the characteristics of four main roles in BO and the patterns, symbols, ornaments and traditions of Beijing Opera facial makeup("BOFM"). Four main roles are Sheng, Tan, Ching and Chou, categorized by gender, age, social position and personality. The result to analyze symbolistic meanings and characteristics of makeups for the roles in BO are as follows: the patterns and colors of BOFM function as explanations to help audiences understand each role's personality and dramatic situations as well as provide hints about the development and ending of an opera: that is, BO makeup is a communicative intermediary between audiences and actors in BO. It tends to follow the stereotypes, which conventionally dress and exaggerate the characters of roles, and copy the traditional Chinese perception about colors. Thus, by the metaphysical and typical expression of BOFM, Chinese people have not been pursuing the realism in opera but applying BO makeup to a mutual communication method between audiences and performing artists as to share their collective cultural heritages and spirits. Threfore, BO makeup has been an interacting language between the two entities and grown within the history of BO as a beauty art to highlight a BO by its unique systems, ornaments and beauty.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.44
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• pp.57-75
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to infer the shape and change as auspicious symbolic meaning and figures of a peony pattern. For this study. I analyzed the example of a peony pattern, which is traditional Chinese pattern appeared on a ceramic and textile. The results of this study are as following. First, a peony has particular title, such as 'the king of flowers' and 'the most beautiful woman in country and the smell in heaven' originated in a verse of a poet at Dang's Dynasty. It is reputed to be the best of all flowers, representing beauty, and a beauty. Second, the basic meaning of a peony pattern used as auspicious pattern is prosperity and it has various meanings of it's similar kind through several auspicious objects and combination. Also, it was used for the purpose of adequating the desire of man's blessing mentality. Third, four kinds of characteristics of a peony pattern are as following. 1) A peony pattern has similar shape with 'Bosanghwamoon', which was used as a pattern at formerly period of peony flowers. It was used as realistic shape gave vividness to the characteristic of peony on the shape of 'Bosanghwamoon'. 2) 8-petaled, unique leaves and veins were described in detail by vivid sketching shape of real peony flower. 3) Laying stress on the characteristics of peony flower, which is large and magnificent, several folds petals were described abundantly by exaggerated shape or a shape of big honeycomb. And unique leaves were described realistically on these. 4) It was also expressed peculiar characteristic of peony flower composed of several pieces by weakened design shape.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.44
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• pp.215-233
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• 1999

The Miaos have their own peculiar and luxurious transtional culture a they have experienced repeated fusion into and resistance againt the Han Race or the chinese in their long and old history. And the traditional culture of the Miaos is abundant and diverse in several respects. Because it has taken root in foundation of their simple and native environment. it is embracing abundant and diverse contents. They largely used as the theme of patterns factual materials such as natural objects easily accessible in the natural environment. those related to marratives reflective of ethnicity, animals and plants symbolic of auspicious omen, peace, happiness and good harrest with prosperity and abundance. And they not only crossornamented natural patterns and geometrical patterns by combining them but also geometric patterns alone. It can be seen that Miaos represented patterns with exaggerated formation, overlapping and modification and the comprehensive, fomation of natural forms, abstract formation etc. Seeing the ethnic costume of Miaos investigated in these several respects by the standard of contemporary beauty it is thought that it has the infinite possibility of being used in contemporary fashion design on account of the characteristic of almost perfect costume.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.52 no.7
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• pp.13-25
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to develope a creative expression technique in fashion illustration through analyzing applied techniques of the elements related to creative expressions in fashion illustrations. They were investigated in view of line, form, texture, color, space and the results were summarized as follows. In the creative expression using line in the fashion illustration. emotional effects of line created by specific character of mediums and duplicated lines have been applied to visualize movements of the objects. In shape, the transformed figure by destructing. covering or eliminating a part of the figure or the dress has been adapted. In texture. the invented texture reconstructed from actual texture has been applied, collage technique. computer graphic being used to give various images of texture. The creative expressions using color have been achieved by the shading. and spreading effects and the symbolic meaning of color for creating a spatiality in a picture plane and to give emotional effects and visual concentricity. In space, the color perspective together with detailed description. the combination of various points of view and liner perspective have been used to create depth and illusional space in pictorial plane.