• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 1993

This study was carried on the preferences for food intake pattern of Korean industrial workers. The survey was conducted from Feb 17, to March 31, 1992 by questionnaires which was composed of 21 items. The subjects of this study were composed of 426 clerical workers, and 439 physical workers. The results were obtained as follows. 1. In the educational background, clerical workers was almost of highschool or collage graduates, and physical workers was almost of highschool graduates. Marginal food cost of per person for lunch a day was from 500 Won to 1,000 Won. They replied that amount of staple food and side dishes were appropriate, and the type of preferable foods was Korean style cooked rice. Also it was known that physical workers thought their nutritive condition more badly than that of clerical workers. So the physical workers considered their health very much when they had meal. It was represented that unbalanced diet, without diet and drinking alcohol effected badly to food intake and taste of food was the most important point in food intake. 2. Preferences for staple foods; Cooked rice was preferred the most by the subjects. Cooked rice with redbean was preferred by clerical workers and cooked rice with soybean was preferred by physical workers and cooked rice with soybean was preferred by physical workers. Also clerical and physical workers liked Kalkooksoo (hot noodle), Nangmyun (cold noodle), bread, vegetable bread and disliked Sphagetti, Ramyun (Instant noodle) in same rate. In the next, cooked rice covered with raw fish pieces (Sushi) was preferred by clerical workers and Mandu-kook was preferred by physical workers. Also they disliked Curriedrice and Hashrice in same pattern. 3. Preference for side-dishes; The Acceptances for side-dishes were high soybean paste soup (clerical workers:43.7%, physical workers:34.4%), Kim chi stew, fried potatoes, crab steaming (37.8%, 36.9%), broiled fish (34.6%, 33.9%), fried green pepper, Ham, Chinese cabbage Kim chi, and pickled garlic by clerical and physical workers all together. But in clerical workers, Wooghugi beef-rib tang, Deodeok muchim, spinach namul, beef jangjeorim, fried shrimp were shown to have high preference in physical workers, beef-rib tang, wild onion and shepherd's purses muchim, soybean sprout, fish jeorim, fried sweet potatoes were high preference. 4. Preference of Snacks; The preferences for snacks were high in strawberry (clerical:36.3%, physical:34.3%), milk (49.9%, 44.4%), waxy rice Doek (30.7%, 30.2%), coffee (40.1%, 38.9%) by two groups in same order.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.27-31
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• 1980

제주도에서 즐겨 먹어온 전통적인 수산식품중의 하나인 옥돔, Eranchiostegus japonicus japonicus, 건조중의 유리아미노산을 분석한 결과 생원료와 건조옥돔에서 17종의 유리아미노산을 분리 고정할 수 있었다. 생원료의 유리아미노산 조성을 보면 함량이 많은 것은 lysine, alanine, threonine, arginine이고 그 다음이 taurine, serine, proline, glycine, glutamic acid, leucine이고 valine, methionine, tyrosine, isoleucine, phenylalanine은 함량이 적었고 특히 aspartic acid와 histidine은 그 함량이 제일 적었다. 옥돔건조중 유리아미노산 조성에는 변화가 없었다. 그리고 건조중 유리아미노산 총량은 생원료에 비하여 $40\%$ 증가하였다. 건조옥돔에는 전체 유리아미노산중 lysine이 $18.4\%$, alanine 이 $14.7\%$, glutamic acid가 $8.8\%$, arginine이 $7.3\%$로서 이들4종 아미노산이 전 유리아미노산의 $48.4\%$를 차지하였다. 또 건조중 특히 많이 증가한 아미노산은 aspartic acid와 glutamic acid로 각각 2.9배, 2.1배 증가하였으나 taurine과 histidine은 $48\%,\;44\%$씩 감소하였다. 건조옥돔의 유리아미노산 중에는 좋은 맞을 가진 glutamic acid, 단맛을 가진 lysine, alanine이 많이 함유되어 있고 또 TMAO도 많이 함유되어 있으므로 이들이 복합적으로 건조옥돔의 독특한 맛에 중요한 구실을 할 것으로 생각되어진다.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.415-430
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• 2000

From March 10 to April 3, 1999. questionnaires were sent to 157 students at an university located in Hongsong. South Choongchung Province in order to find out their eating habits and exercise patterns. The analysis of the questionnaires collected reveals the followings. 1. Eating Habits 1) 76 out of total 157 respondents (48.4%) said that they skipped breakfast. The significant difference was shown in the frequency of breakfast eating based on respondents' sex. Male students had higher rate of going without breakfast (73.92%) than their female counterparts (28.41%). 2) Most respondents finished eating their meals within 20 minutes. with 58.5% spending 10 to 20 minutes. followed by 28.0% taking less than 10 minutes. 3) With respect to the frequency of eating snacks. 1 to 2 times per day came on top with 63.7%. Significant difference was shown based on sex. with male students having more frequent snacks than female students. 40.1% of those surveyed said they ate snacks because they were either bored or hungry, respectively, 67.5% took snacks after school followed by 23.6% who had snacks after dinner. 4) Concerning the frequency of taking food. 1 to 2 times per week recorded the highest mark for beta-carotine. fruits. fish. beans. milk. seaweeds and fries. As for vegetables. 6 to 7 times a week received the highest points. Males showed significantly higher frequency of taking fruits than females. while the opposite was true for beans. 5) More than 50% of the respondents chose rice and fruits as the food they could eat really well. All those surveyed ate fruits and vegetables. More than 10% of students said they did not eat donut. chocolate. candies. fries. coke and clear carbonated beverage. milk. ham and sausage. The food that revealed significant difference based on sex included ramyon, coke and clear carbonated beverages, ham and sausage, yogurt and milk, with males showing greater preference than their female counterparts. 6) The most preferred by respondents was spicy taste (49.04%), followed by sour (36.31%), sweet (25.48%), and salty tastes(21.1%). Those surveyed shunned sweet taste the most (21.02%), followed by sour (14.65%), spicy (8.92%), salty (5.10%) tastes. 2. Workout Patterns 1) 14.01% of the respondents said they took exercise. Based on sex, males showed significantly higher rate of 21.74% than 7.95% of females. Those who took exercise did so mostly three times a week. With regard to the time spent on workout. 'within 2 hours' received the highest points. Soccer was found to be the most popular sport among the respondents. The above analysis demonstrated that the students surveyed selected relatively sound answers in the categories of the food preference and taste. However. some skipped breakfast and liked eating snacks. and most did not take exercise, which may raise health problems including the weight increase. Therefore, ways should be devised to tackle such problems to ensure healthy lives.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.392-402
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to compare the eating habit, food intake frequency and preferred food and taste of juvenile delinquents (100 numbers) and male high school students (100 numbers), using questionnaires from August to October 2004. 1) It was shown that the juvenile delinquents took more unbalanced diet (p<0.05), smoking (p<0.001) and drinking (p<0.001) than general students, while general students had more eating between meals (p<0.01). 2) The intake of food was a significant difference in white rices (p<0.01), bibimbab (p<0.001), kimbab (p<0.001), fried rice (p<0.001), ramen (p<0.001), jajangmyun (p<0.001), jambong (p<0.001), hamburger (p<0.001), pizza (p<0.001) and breads (p<0.05). The juvenile delinquents took more major food than that of general students in all the items except for white rice. It was observed, then, that the juvenile delinquents showed more intake of such subsidiary foods as bulgoki (p<0.001), roasted thin pork chops (p<0.001), grilled pork belly (p<0.001), pork cutlet (p<0.01), sweet and sour pork (p<0.001), chicken with ginseng (p<0.001), fried chicken (p<0.001), kimchi pot stew (p<0.01) and zucchini (p<0.05) than general students, with general students taking more kimchi (p<0.01) and fried or boiled soybean curd (p<0.01). The intake of dessert was a significant difference in yogurt (p<0.01), orange juice (p<0.001), cola (p<0.001), soft drinks (p<0.001), ion drinks (p<0.001), coffee (p<0.001), apple (p<0.01), banana (p<0.001), orange (p<0.001), cake (p<0.001), hot dog (p<0.001), ddokbokgi (p<0.01), mandu (p<0.001), fried fish paste (p<0.05), steamed korean sausage (p<0.001), fried foods (p<0.05), hem & sausage (p<0.001), cheese (p<0.001), ice-cream (p<0.001), candy (p<0.01), chocolate (p<0.001), mayonnaise (p<0.05), jam (p<0.01) and butter & margarine (p<0.01). Then, the juvenile delinquents were shown to entirely have more intake of all the desserts than those of general students. 3) Regarding preference of foods, it was shown that the juvenile delinquents preferred cereals (p<0.05), grilled pork belly (p<0.001), chicken with ginseng (p<0.01), anchovies and small fish (p<0.05), chicken with ginseng (p<0.05), seasoned spinach (p<0.001), seasoned zucchini (p<0.001), milk (p<0.05), coffee (p<0.001) and butter & margarine (p<0.05) while general students did egg (p<0.01), soybean sprout soup (p<0.001), boiled or fried potato (p<0.05), seasoned soybean sprout (p<0.05), boiled or fried soybean curd (p<0.01), fried foods (p<0.01) and snack (p<0.05). For their preference of tastes, hot taste (p<0.01) was higher in the juvenile delinquents. 4) Under general environments there was a change of the difference in their behaviour of pork cutlet (p<0.01) intake in accordance with other family and of milk (p<0.001) and butter & margarine (p<0.05) preference in accordance with growth in a big city between the two groups.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.264-273
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• 2012

This study analyzes the food frequency for the elderly regarding different family types and finds the factors for nutritional risk, offers a basic reference for providing nutritional support for them. The study referred to the dietary behavioral survey data of 3,680 elderly people (1652 male and 2028 female) from 21 regions in the northern Kyeonggi province. The data was collected through the method of one-to-one interviews and was a part of the Community Health Survey for 2008 by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC). We classified family types as a household for elderly people living alone, a household of elderly people with a spouse, a household of the elderly with unmarried children and a household of the elderly with married children, and as for intakes of foods, the frequencies of taking fruits, vegetables, kimchi, rice with mixed cereals, meat, fish, bean tofu soymilk, milk and dairy products, as well as sweet beverages are calculated on a daily basis and skipped meals are calculated on a weekly basis. Elderly women showed lower income, lower education level, higher unemployment rates, and a higher rate of government healthcare subsidies than elderly men. Elderly women tend to live alone and with their children while elderly men tend to live with their spouse. In both males and females, the intake of fruits and vegetables were the least in the elderly living alone, while the elderly with married children ate the most. In both males and females, the household of the elderly living alone ate significantly less amounts of Kimchi than other family types. Elderly people living alone tended to have significantly less meat and fish, especially women. In the case of rice with mixed cereals, the elderly men living alone and the elderly men with unmarried children ate significantly less amounts than the elderly men living with a spouse. The elderly men living alone took significantly less milk and dairy products than the elderly men with unmarried children while the elderly women living with a spouse took significantly less milk and dairy products than the elderly women with married children. With regards to the frequency of meal-skipping, the elderly living alone had the highest frequency for skipping meals. From this result, having various foods is difficult for the elderly living alone. Furthermore, the elderly living with unmarried children demonstrated a low quality of dietary life compared to those of married children. Hence, it can be concluded that social support is important in order for the elderly to have a balanced diet.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.53-63
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• 1979

한국인의 식생활을 이루고 있는 주요식품 226종에 포함된 엽산치를 Lactobacillus casei 미생들을 사용하여 분석하였다. 제 1보 및 2보에서 측정된 채소류와 과실류 식품은 이 보고에서 제외되었다. 엽산치함량은 유리형 및 결합형으로 각종 식품 100g중에 포함된 ug으로 표시하였다. 각종 식품 및 각 식품군에 포함된 영산치 함량은 크게 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 각종 식품에 포참된 영산 형태에 따른 화학적 조성도 크게 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 식단 작성시 결합형의 엽산치 함량이 사용될 것이며, 저장가공 및 조리계의 파괴율을 고려해야 하겠다. 가장 풍부한 영산의 급원은 효모로 2,800.8ug 결합형으로 식품 100g중에 함유됨을 보였다. 밀린 대두, 시금치, 냉이, 소 및 돼지 같은 100ug이상 함유됨을 보였다. 그 외의 말린 두류 및 종실류, 꼭, 숙갓, 미나리, 부추, 아스파라가스, 계란노른자, 소 콩팥은 50ug 이상 함유됨을 보였다. 파, 상치, 무우, 고추, 발효된 중 식품, 밀, 고구마, 느타리 버섯은 40 ug정도 함유됨을 보였다. 그외 대부분의 정제된 곡류, 전분류, 당류, 과실류, 육류, 어패류, 유류는 비교적 적게 함유됨을 보였다. 유지류, 음로 및 주류 조미료는 거의 함유량이 없음을 보였다. 저장가공 및 조리된 식품에서의 엽산치 함량은 전반적으르 크게 손실될 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.325-331
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• 2010

집합페로몬 트랩의 색깔, 설치높이 및 장소에 따른 노린재류 유인효과를 구명하였다. 톱다리개미허리노린재는 황색트랩에 가장 많이 유인되었으며, 다음은 백색>흑색>녹색>청색>갈색의 순 이었다. 트랩설치높이에 따른 톱다리개미허리노린재와 가로줄노린재의 유인은 지상 80 cm 높이에서 성별에 관계없이 가장 많았으며, 성별간에는 톱다리개미허리노린재는 40 및 80 cm에서 암컷이 수컷보다 많이 유인되었으나, 120 및 160 cm에서 유의한 차이가 없었다. 가로줄노린재는 40 및 80 cm에서 암컷이 수컷보다 많이 유인되는 경향이었으나, 120 및 160 cm에서는 오히려 수컷이 암컷보다 약간 많이 유인되는 경향이었다. 콩 및 들깨 재배포장에서 트랩설치 위치에 따른 톱다리개미허리노린재의 유인은 들깨포장에서 가장 많았으며, 콩포장과 콩들깨의 경계지점에서는 차이가 없었다. 또한 콩포장, 약용작물포장 및 단감원에서 톱다리개미허리노린재의 유인효과는 단감원에서 가장 높았으며, 콩 및 약용작물포장간에는 유의한 차이가 없었다.

• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.173-183
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• 2011

1. Gabensis 마을은 3천여명의 인구를 가진 Morobe 지역의 Wampar 지방 정부 수준 영역에서 가장 큰 마을 중 하나이다. 2. 주식은 바나나를 비롯하여 마, 카사바, 토란과 고구마가 있다. 그 외에도 마을 사람들이 그들의 생계를 보완하기 위해 야채, 코코아 가루, 코코넛, 목재, 닭고기, 생선, 돼지고기 생산 및 판매에 종사하고 있다. 3. Gabensis 마을 호수 Wanam호수의 자연적인 매력은 농촌관광 사업으로 개발 가능한 잠재력이 있다. 특히, 에코빌리지를 중심으로 지역 사회를 위한 거대한 경관농업의 가치 창조가 필요하다. 정부 서비스 제공과 개발, 교육 및 건강 문제의 일환으로 중요한 지역이다. 4. 넓은 경지면적을 지니고 있지만 경지 정리 및 수리시설 미비로 농업용수가 부족하고 농사에서도 기술수준이 낮아 농업 생산성이 떨어진다. 생산 기술만 제공되면 마가 향후 마을의 중심 작목으로 주민들의 중요한 소득원이 될 것을 기대하고 있다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.861-882
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• 2000

The seed, or grain, of modern cultivars of Lupinus angustifolius, commonly known as Australian sweet lupins (ASL), is an established feed resource for the intensive animal industries of Australia, Japan, Korea and several other countries in Asia and Europe. Since the introduction of ASL to the world marketplace about 25 years ago, researchers in many countries have found them to be a valuable component of the diet of beef and dairy cattle, sheep, pigs, poultry, finfish and crustaceans. The seed of ASL contains ~32% crude protein (CP) (~35% DM basis) and 5% oil. The main storage carbohydrates in the seed are the ${\beta}$-galactans that comprise most of the cell-wall material of the kernel and the cellulose and hemicellulose of the thick seed coats. ASL seeds contain about 40% non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) and a negligible amount of starch. This makes them an excellent ingredient for ruminant diets, as the risk of acidosis is very low. The seed of modern cultivars of domesticated Lupinus species contain negligible amounts of lectins and trypsin inhibitors so they do not require preheating before being used as an ingredient in feeds for monogastric species. They have a high digestibility coefficient for protein, >90% for most species, but a low energy digestibility, ~60%, which is mostly due to the high content of NSP. The low content of methionine (0.22%) and of lysine (1.46%) is typical of the legumes. The lysine availability for pigs is >70%. Lupin kernels contain ~39% CP (~42% DM basis), 6% oil and 30% NSP. They have a higher digestible energy for pigs and finfish and a higher metabolisable energy for poultry than whole seed. Commercial operations rarely achieve complete separation of kernel from hull and it is more likely that the kernel fraction, called splits or meats, will contain ~36% CP. The replacement of soybean meal or peas with ASL in cereal-based diets for most intensively reared animals, birds and fish is possible provided lysine, methionine and digestible energy levels are kept constant. This makes ASL economically competitive in many, but not all, circumstances.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.28-43
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• 2005

This study was conducted to illustrate standard menu items available in the school foodservice industry, and to establish higher nutritional standards in this industry. We reviewed menu items from 125 middle and high schools from the Seoul area for three months. These menus were then classified into 12 representative menu items, as follows: beef seeweed soup, egg soup, sliced rice rod soup, spaghetti, sauted squid with hot sauce, fish cutlet, simmered pork-egg in soy sauce, sweet and sour meat, sauted pork, acorn starch jelly salad, cucumber salad. And standard recipes of these 12 representative menu items were established, based on a survey from 150 dietitians who completed a questionnaire of 97 questions. According to the survey results, 89% of the dietitians answered positively('yes') about the necessity of establishing standard recipes for the school foodservice industry. 69% of the dietitians were educated standard recipes for the school foodservice, 91% will use standard recipes for the school foodservice Moreover, we discovered there was a consensus on what type of menu items should be included on the menus; demographic factors only affected a small range of recommended items. In order to confirm real application of resulted standard recipe, it is required to conduct quantity food production at real foodservice and study on more suitable standard recipe.