• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.133-145
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• 1998

The purposes of this study were to assess current status of respirator usage among workers in the small-scale industries and to identify those factors causing respirator wearers not to continuously wear respirators during work. Total 168 workers participated voluntarily in the survey. In order to cover all possible reasons, though not exclusive, 33 diverse questions were developed based upon the results in the published literatures and from researchers' own experience. The most common type of respirator worn was the disposable single-use respirator(42%). However, masks made of gauze, which should not be considered as a respirator, were widely used (38%). Only 28% of respondents indicated they wear respirators continuously during work. The major reasons for removing respirators include, in descending order of frequency, difficulty in breathing (46%), sweating (39%), bothered by frequent removal (21%), inadequate mask size (19%) and hot air temperature inside the respirator (19%), etc. In addition, minor reasons including mask design, administrative, and personal reasons were also identified. These reasons should be considered in a well designed respirator program in order to improve workers' acceptance and usage of respirators.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.318-323
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• 1997

In order to assess the effect of solar exposure on pulmonary functions and evaporative losses from skin and pulmonary surfaces, in six healthy Sahiwal (S) and six Sahiwal ${\times}$ Holstein ($S{\times}H$) cattle were exposed to direct sun during summer. Breed differences were observed during exposure. Increase in sweating rate was higher in crossbreds (222%) than in Sahiwal (125%). Pre-exposure (ambient temperature, $32.6{\pm}0.85^\circ}C$, solar radiation, $0.9cal\;cm^{-2}min^{-1}$) evaporative loss from skin accounted for about 90% of the losses and remaining losses were contributed by pulmonary surfaces in Sahiwal. The contribution of evaporation through skin increased to 92% (ambient temperature $39.4{\pm}0.68^\circ}C$, solar radiation, $1.35cal\;cm^{-2}min^{-1}$). In crossbreds 80% of the evaporative losses were through skin before exposure which increased to 87% after exposure to solar radiations. Rectal temperature increase was higher in crossbreds ($1.5^{\circ}C$) than in Sahiwal ($0.8^{\circ}C$). With the increase in pulmonary evaporative losses, respiratory frequency increased to 2 fold in Sahiwal and pulmonary ventilation increased 1.6 times the resting value in Sahiwal due to solar exposure. In $S{\times}H$ crossbreds the respiratory frequency increased 3.5 times and pulmonary ventilation increased only to 1.8 times due to decrease in tidal volume. There was about 2 fold increase in alveolar ventilation in both the breeds, the increase in dead space ventilation was more in crossbreds than in Sahiwal. Behavioral symptoms exhibited by animals after exposure were profuse salivation, open mouth panting, tongue protrusion and general restlessness.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.151-163
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• 2016

Objectives : Shanghanlon is based on the Hwangjenaegyeong(黃帝內經)'s theory. Therefore, the contents of the Naegyeong can interpret Shanghanlon's provision, Chengwuji(成無己) followed the same way. Therefore, I studied the relationship between the symptom of Shanghanlon and the defensive Gi(衛氣), I try to prove that the Naegyeong is the theoretical basis of Shanghanlon. Methods : Naegyeong explains that defensive Gi protects the outer parts of the body, and runs the outer parts of the body. So I will explain the spontaneous sweating(自汗) aversion to cold(惡寒) pain(痛症) fever(發熱) difficulty of urination(小便不利) using the function of defensive Gi. Results & Conclusions : The defensive Gi and the nutrient Gi(營氣) run together, if the defensive Gi is weak, can not protect the nutrient Gi. If the defensive Gi does not perform the function of inducing astringency(固攝), the symptom of spontaneous sweating appears. If aversion to cold is caused by the weak of defensive Gi, we use the treatment of warming the Yang(溫陽). If aversion to cold is caused by the defensive Gi can not run, we use the treatment of activating the Yang(通陽). If the Gi and Blood(氣血) is not feeding properly, the pain occurs. In this case, we use the treatment of activating the Yang(通陽). The fever is caused by the stagnation of defensive Gi. If the defensive Gi is weak, the symptom of difficulty of urination appears.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.94-97
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• 1996

Two hundred and eighty eight patients suffering from excessive sweating of palms, soles and axillae etc., visited our Neuro-Pain clinic from November 1991 to March 1996. The sex ratio was 1:1.2. the third decade of age was the major age group. the onset time of hyperhidrosis was prepubertal period (in 95.1% of them). the provocative factors fo excessive sweating were tension and stress from interpersonal relationship. they had the family history (30.9%) and the past history treated with herb medication (56.9%), medicine (30.6%), operation (1.4%), and no treatment (39.6%). We treated 113 patients by sympathetic ganglion block with pure alcohol. the average times of thoracic sympathetic ganglion block were 2.1 (left), 2.4 (right) and those of lumbar sympathetic ganglion block were 1.2 (left), 1.6 (right). Average admission period was 14.7 days. Recurrence rare was 7.1%. Most longstanding effective period was 45 months. We conclude from our results that sympathetic ganglion block is one of the most effective treatments for hyperhidrosis owing to its simple technique and low recurrence rate.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.281-289
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• 2005

Objective : Pheochromocytoma may arise within the adrenal medulla, or in other locations, where symptheic ganglia or chromaffin tissues are known to exist. Approximately 0.1 % of hypertensive patients have Pheochromocytoma, This study is to report the clinical effects of ShiHo-GuiZhiTang on pateints who have suffered from such symptoms of Pheochromocytoma as sweating, hypertention, Indigestion, anxiety neurosis, nausea, headache, and epigastric discomfort. Method : ShiHo-GuiZhiTang was used for a patient who had suffered from symptoms of Pheochromocytoma which was diagnosed as Banpeubanri-jueng of soyang disease in Sanghan-Ron. Result : In treating the patient with symptoms of Pheochromocytoma with ShiHo-GuiZhiTang, results were good. Conclusion : The results of this study suggest that ShiHo-GuiZhiTang is effective for such symptoms of Pheochromocytoma as sweating, hypertention, Indigestion, anxiety neurosis, nausea, headache, and epigastric discomfort.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.81-86
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• 1999

Background: Essential hyperhidrosis is a condition with excessive sweating, which may be localized in any parts of the body. Thoracic sympathectomy has been a surgical procedure for the management of hyperhidrosis. Methods: We studied 30 ASA I and II patients suffering from severe hyperhidrosis. Bilateral upper thoracoscopic sympathectomy of $T_{2-4}$ was performed in 30 patients under general anesthesia. Anesthesia was induced with 2.5% thiopental sodium 5 mg/kg and succinylcholine chloride 1 mg/kg and was maintained with enflurane 1~2 Vol% and $N_2O-O_2$ mixture adjusted to maintain $SpO_2$ greater than 96%. During anesthesia, invasive arterial pressure, heart rate, EKG, $SpO_2$ and capnography were monitored. Skin temperature was measured with thermister probes attached to the index finger of each hand. An increase in temperature after cautery confirmed success of the sympathectomy. Results: There were 14 men and 16 women whose ages ranged from 16 to 46 years old (mean age 22.2). Of these patients, 13 patients had complained of palm-sole hyperhidrosis, 9 of palm-sole-axilla hyperhidrosis, 4 of palm-sole-face hyperhidrosis and 4 of palm-sole-axilla-face hyperhidrosis. The provocative factors of excessive sweating were tension and stress from interpersonal relationships. There was positive familial history in 37%. The most common complication was compensatory hyperhidrosis in 23 patients comprising 76%. Other complication included peumothorax (4 patients), hemothorax (1 patient), ipsilateral Horner's syndrome (1 patient) and paresthesia of right arm (1 patient). The degree of satisfaction was graded as good, fair and poor with 15, 12 and 3 patients, respectively. Conclusions: Thoracoscopic sympathectomy with VATS is an efficient, safe and minimally invasive surgical procedure for essential hyperhidrosis.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.75-92
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• 2020

Objectives: This clinical trial is performed to investigate the effect of improving the menopausal symptoms and the safety of extract obtained from Pueraria thunbergiana Bentham and Curcuma longa L. in menopausal women Methods: This study was randomized, double blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. 110 women with menopausal symptoms were assigned to treatment group (n=55) and control group (n=55). The results of this study were evaluated through changes in Kupperman Index score, Menopause-specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (MENQOL) score, degree of hot flashes and sweating, Body Mass Index(BMI), laboratory test results including female hormones. Results: In the treatment group compared to before baseline, there was significant difference in the Kupperman Index total score, score of each item in the Kupperman Index, MENQOL total score, hot flush and sweating visual analogue scale (VAS), hot flush score, and hot flush duration at one time. However, there was also a significant change compared to baseline in the control group, there was no significant difference between the treatment group and the control group. There was no significant change in female hormone levels in both group, and there were no adverse events associated with the clinical trial product. Conclusions: This clinical trial showed that extract obtained from Pueraria thunbergiana Bentham and Curcuma longa L. was helpful in improving menopausal symptoms in menopausal women without significant side effects.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.144-152
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• 2009

1. Objective : This study aims to report symptomatic improvement of a Soyangin patient reporting general weakness, dizziness, gait disturbance, cold sensitivity, nocturnal sweating, and anorexia after treatment with Hyeongbangjihwang-tang. 2. Method : The patient's subjective and objective symptoms were observed daily, and the VAS scores for the main symptoms were recorded daily throughout the hospitalization period. 3. Result : The general condition of the patient improved by the end of the hospitalization period, where the VAS score dropped from VAS 10 to VAS 5 and the symptoms of dizziness, general weakness, cold sensitivity, and nocturnal sweating disappeared by day 4 of admission without recurrence. 4. Conclusion : Although the patient did not report diarrhea, one of the main Mangeum symptoms, the general symptoms improved with Hyeongbangjihwang-tang medication. This indicates that Hyeongbangjihwang-tang can be used to treat chief and subsidiary symptoms related to Mangeum symptomatic pattern when applied to the appropriate base and manifesting symptomology.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.194-200
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• 2007

Objectives:This study was performed to investigate the differences of the clinical feature between panic disorder with agoraphobic patients and panic disorder without agoraphobic patients. Methods:Two hundred nine patients meeting the criteria of DSM-IV panic disorder were recruited. One group was panic disorder with agoraphobia(n=78, 42 male(53.8%), mean age $37.6{\pm}9.9$ years), another was panic disorder without agoraphobia(n=131, 81 male(61.8%), mean age $40.5{\pm}10.3$ years). The numbers and frequency of panic symptoms were compared between two groups with t-test, and the logistic regression analysis were used for predicting panic disorder with agoraphobia. Results:The number of panic symptoms during panic attack was significantly higher in the group of panic disorder with agoraphobia than the group of panic disorder without agoraphobia(p<0.05).'Sweating','nausea or abdominal distress','fear of losing control of going crazy','chills or hot flushes'were more frequent in the group of panic disorder with agoraphobia(p<0.05). Among panic symptoms on logistic regression analysis,'sweating',' nausea or abdominal distress','fear of losing control or going crazy'turned out to correlate significantly with risk of development of agoraphobia in panic disorder. Conclusion:These results suggest that the frequency of some symptoms during panic attack may be a predictor of agoraphobia in patients with panic disorder.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.87-98
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• 2011

Objectives: To evaluate the clinical use of Kupperman's Index, Menopausespecific quality of life questionnaire(MENQOL), Menopause Rating Scale(MRS) by comparison with the Subjective measures of hot flush. Methods: The participants were 107 women (45-60 yr) who were not currently on hormone therapy, and had reached hot flash scores of 10 or higher. The evaluating indexes of this trial are hot flush score, hot flush VAS, Hot flush consistence time, sweating VAS, Kupperman`s Index, Menopause-specific quality of life questionnaire (MENQOL), Menopause Rating Scale(MRS). Results: 1. The hot flush score, hot flush VAS, sweating VAS were significantly correlated with each other, but the Hot flush consistence time with no special relationship was found on Subjective measures of hot flush 2. The Kupperman's Index, Menopause-specific quality of life questionnaire (MENQOL) and Menopause Rating Scale(MRS) were significantly correlated with each other. 3. There was significant correlation between Subjective measures of hot flush and Menopause-specific quality of life questionnaire(MENQOL), Thus Menopausespecific quality of life questionnaire(MENQOL) is considered the most suitable on hot flush related research. Conclusions: There was significant correlation between Subjective measures of hot flush and Menopausal scale, thus the use of various indicators are needed for the assessment of climacteric symptoms.