• Journal of the Korean Society of Floral Art and Design
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• no.43
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• pp.81-100
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• 2020

Since sustainable packaging of flower basket designs that are sold from florist shops is needed for both the seller and the buyer, studying of second packaging of flower basket design has begun. In this study, based on the survey that has been done in 2019, and the analysis of the interview that has been done in 2020, the suggestion of sustainable packaging development is the purpose. The definition of flower basket design was done and surveys of the status of domestic flower basket designs' second packaging were done in accordance with the type of basket which is an object, transportation, and characteristic of a florist shop. For sustainable packaging, based on physical theory, second packaging which depends on the packaging that includes design factor, transportation final destination has to be different. The factors to be considered as sustainable packaging are the quality of opaque paper, the necessity of first packaging, packaging structure that can fix an object, the form of second packaging influenced by types of transportation. Suggestions for packaging development included new materials for first packaging, eco-friendly objects that can be recycled and reused, structural packaging design, standardization and variability of packaging, protection of floristry which is the fundamental purpose of packaging, and brand advertisement effect. Based on the result of this study further designs of packaging will be commercialized. This study is significant for serving the opportunity of new packaging design for futuristic floristry that fit for unmanned system and studying of categories of products.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.233-259
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• 2020

Using bonded fiber-reinforced polymer laminates for strengthening wooden structural members has been shown to be an effective and economical method. In this research, properties of suitable composite materials (sika wrap), adhesives and two ways of strengthening beams exposed to bending moment are presented. Passive or slack reinforcement is one way of strengthening. The most effective way of such a strengthening was to place reinforcement laminates in the stretched part of the wooden beam (lower part in our case), in order to investigate the effectiveness of externally bonding FRP to their soffits. The model is based on equilibrium and deformations compatibility requirements in and all parts of the strengthened beam, i.e., the wooden beam, the sika wrap composite plate and the adhesive layer. The theoretical predictions are compared with other existing solutions. This research is helpful for the understanding on mechanical behaviour of the interface and design of the composite-wooden hybrid structures. The results showed that the use of the new strengthening system enhances the performance of the wooden beam when compared with the traditional strengthening system.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.27-43
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• 2023

Purpose: Changes in the employment environment in the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution are influencing various factors by the emergence of new jobs and the change in perception of job stability due to globalization of information technology and industry This study attempted to present implications by verifying the structural relationship of beauty workers' sustainable organizational commitment and the method necessary for conflict management in the industrial field due to the recent changes in the employment environment of the beauty industry in the 4th Industrial Revolution. Research design, data and methodology: This study sampled 604 beauty industry employees Frequency analysis, validity and reliability analysis, factor analysis, and path analysis were performed using SPSS WIN23.0. Results: It was found that the change in the employment environment caused by the 4th industrial revolution had a significant negative (-) effect on the job satisfaction and organizational commitment of beauty industry workers. Conclusion: This study is that changes in the employment environment negatively affect job satisfaction and organizational commitment of beauty workers. We hope to contribute to the development and growth of the beauty industry by providing basic data for the beauty tech service industry in the 4th industrial era.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.327-342
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• 2019

Rehabilitation and retrofitting of structures designed in accordance to standard design codes is an essential practice in structural engineering and design. For steel structures, one of the challenges is to strengthen the panel zone as well as its analysis in moment-resisting frames. In this research, investigations were undertaken to analyze the influence of the panel zone in the response of structural frames through a computational approach using ETABS software. Moment-resisting frames of six stories were studied in supposition of real panel zone, different values of rigid zone factor, different thickness of double plates, and both double plates and rigid zone factor together. The frames were analyzed, designed and validated in accordance to Iranian steel building code. The results of drift values for six stories building models were plotted. After verifying and comparing the results, the findings showed that the rigidity lead to reduction in drifts of frames and also as a result, lower rigidity will be used for high rise building and higher rigidity will be used for low rise building. In frames with story drifts more than the permitted rate, where the frames are considered as the weaker panel zone area, the story drifts can be limited by strengthening the panel zone with double plates. It should be noted that higher thickness of double plates and higher rigidity of panel zone will result in enhancement of the non-linear deformation rates in beam elements. The resulting deformations of the panel zone due to this modification can have significant influence on the elastic and inelastic behavior of the frames.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.1053-1063
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• 2014

This study presents a sustainable design method that optimizes the embodied energy of concrete beam based on the concept of sustainable development that effectively utilizes natural resource and energy within the range that our succeeding generation can afford to utilize. In order to get the flexural strength carrying the ultimate load, concrete beam sections are designed by optimization that consists of the embodied energy as a objective function and the requirements of design code as constrained conditions. The sustainable design can be used to minimize the embodied energy consumed in material production, construction, operation, demolition of the infrastructure. As a result of comparison of the cost and the embodied energy optimizations based on practical beam sections, it is shown that 20% embodied energy saving and 35% $CO_2$ emission saving are achieved by sacrificing 10% cost increase. The sustainable design method provides a new effective methodology that manages the strength design concept based on cost minimization together with economic feasibility and sustainability. In addition, the method is expected to be applied to more various structural design practices.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.85 no.5
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• pp.573-592
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• 2023

This paper presents a careful theoretical investigation into interfacial stresses in composite aluminum-slab reinforced concrete beam bonded by a prestressed hybrid carbon-glass composite material. The model is based on equilibrium and deformations compatibility requirements in and all parts of the strengthened beam, i.e., the aluminum beam, the slab reinforced concrete, the hybrid carbon-glass composite plate and the adhesive layer. The theoretical predictions are compared with other existing solutions. Numerical results from the present analysis are presented both to demonstrate the advantages of the present solution over existing ones and to illustrate the main characteristics of interfacial stress distributions. It is shown that the stresses at the interface are influenced by the material and geometry parameters of the composite beam. This research is helpful for the understanding on mechanical behaviour of the interface and design of the hybrid structures.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.151-157
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• 2010

This study is connected with evaluation of the progressive collapse resisting capacity for sustainable RC super tall building design. As the progressive collapse is not considered in current design codes in Korea, differences between linear static and dynamic analysis based on the GSA guidelines was analyzed for better evaluation, and the analysis model of flat plate system was determined. Finally, the progressive collapse resisting capacity was evaluated for structural system of super tall building. According to this study, the results by linear dynamic analysis were underestimated than the results by linear static analysis. Thus, the dynamic coefficient value of 2 provides conservative approach. The Effective Beam Width's model, currently used in field, is useful for the analysis about lateral force, but this model does not consider the effect of load redistribution by the slab. Hence, finite element analysis considering slab element will be needed for progressive collapse resisting capacity of the flat plate system. Finally, analysis model of 80-story building designed based on KBC(Korea Building Code) shows the weakness against progressive collapse because the DCR value is over 2. Thus, the countermeasure for alternative loading path such as installment of spandrel beam and reinforcements around slab is required to prevent the progressive collapse.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.251-262
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• 2016

Tall Buildings have been one of the most prominent symbols of economic growth for nearly a century. Yet, in the aftermath of the tragedies of September 11, "signature" Tall buildings have become the focus of much debate. The structural systems today are undergoing a major evolution to address the ability of providing flexibility in the design and use of the building together with sustainability (Green) and cost-effective system. This paper describes a new invented structural system, evolutionary structural analysis and design of Tall buildings, which involves the entire analysis process, including conceptual and design stages and comparison with the existing Tall building. This study presents an new innovative structural system, Beehive (Hexagrid), for Tall buildings. The final results are achieved by modeling an 80 story Tall building with the optimized angle and topology of hexagon members by using a computer analysis, ETABS finite element analysis. The objective function of this system is to use one structural system in order to both maximize Eigen frequency for resisting dynamic responses and minimize mean compliance for static responses. Finite element analysis is carried out by using standardized materials. Optimal Hexagrid topologies with the highest stiffness are finally determined to resist both static and dynamic behaviors. Holistic design integration approaches between structures and facades to save energy for environmental control are studied. Innovative design ideas to control structural motion as well as to utilize that motion to harness energy are discussed. Considering abundant emergence of tall buildings all over the world in recent years, the importance of the studies presented in this paper cannot be overemphasized for constructing more sustainable built environments.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.432-451
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• 2019

Companies and brands that practice sustainability pay attention to New Media due to its ability to build a sustainable relationship between companies and consumers. The need for research on specific roles, characteristics, and social media effects on eco-friendly advertising has had rapid growth in marketing programs for sustainable activities especially shown through social media. Information about sustainable fashion has spread to consumers through social media, and multifarious efforts have been made to attract the attention of youth. Despite the dramatic increase in eco-friendly marketing through social media as a part of sustainability, there is a lack of research on the major influences of emotional factors such as ad color and expression in social media. In this context, it is meaningful to identify relationships between emotional responses, advertising value and consumer behavior of sustainable fashion brands in Instagram and implement a suitable advertising type (color vs expression) for consumers. We used 366 responses for the final analysis. Data were analyzed by factor analysis, structural equation modeling using SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0. The results of this study suggest that emotional responses, advertising value have a significant effect on the flow. This study expands on a previously limited research field by verifying consumer responses to image advertising on Instagram, rather than general sustainable fashion marketing. The study results also provide meaningful implications for a relation formation between customers and fashion brands vis-${\grave{a}}$-vis sustainable social media marketing.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.277-285
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• 2017

Single-storey industrial buildings are one of the most often type of structures built among various skeletal framed steel constructions. These metallic buildings offer an exceptional opportunity to minimise the material employed, contributing to a more sustainable construction. In particular, the mansard portal frame is a typology made up of broken beams that involves different lengths and discontinuous slopes. This study aims the weight reduction of the standard mansard portal frame with design purposes by means of varying four parameters: the kink position, the eaves-apex slope, the span and the columns height. In this work, we suggest some guidelines that can improve the economical competitive capabilities of their structural design. In all the cases analysed, the joints of the portal frame are placed over the theoretical non-funicular shape to uniform loads. This allows reducing the bending moment and the shear force, but increasing the axial force. In addition, the performance of mansard and typical pitched portal frames submitted to the same boundary conditions is compared in terms of efficiency in the use of steel. In the large majority of the cases, mansard typologies are lighter than the common pitched frames and, hence, more economical.