• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.235-247
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• 2020

The Mutual Financial Cooperatives(MFCs) in Korea need to make efforts to increase efficiency and productivity in order to secure stable and sustainable growth and competitiveness. Therefore, this study analyzes the efficiency and productivity of MFCs from 2012 to 2018 and suggests some implications. The methodology employed is a Dynamic-Network Slacks-Based Measure(DNSBM) Model. The findings from an empirical study include that first, on average efficiency scores of the institutions, NH(0.225) showed the highest overall efficiency, and followed by SH(0.128) and MG(0.126). After 2015, most of the MFCs' efficiency scores had risen until to 2018. Second, in divisional analysis, the inefficiency in creating the high profitability-stage had been greater than establishing-funds-stage. Third, in projection analysis of Division 2, the inefficiency of the output factors such as interest income and operating income was severe. Fourth, the results from the Malmquist Productivity Index analysis of Division 1 of the fist-stage illustrate that all three MFCs showed minus catch-up effects. Also, a soundness from reducing bad loans and expansion of loans in combination with generating various ways of creating profits besides the interest income is urgently needed for Korean MFCs.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.114-122
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• 2015

Soybean is very useful crop to supply vegetable protein for human. However, cultivation arear of this economically important crop is gradually diminished in upland field. Hence, cultivation area of soybean is increased in paddy field. During the growth duration of soybean, excessive moisture injury is serious problem for sustainable production and supply. We investigated protein expression according to different period of seed soaking and germination after seed soaking. For comparison on expression of protein according to different condition, we performed two-dimensional electrophoresis. After electrophoresis analysis, we selected differentially expressed protein spots according to different condition such as soaking period and germination after soaking to identify protein function by using MALDI-TOF. Results revealed that pattern of expression of protein according to soaking period and germination after soaking were generally not different in major spots. However, degree of expression of protein in some protein spots was increased in accordance with decrease of soaking period. Especially, in Hwangkeum-Kong, Danyeop-Kon, and Pecking, the degree of expression of protein was remarkably increased for 4 days after soaking. But, according to germination after soaking, degree of expression of protein in germinated seeds of all cultivars was higher than un-germinated seeds. In results of MALDI-TOF analysis, specific proteins were identified by different soaking period such as Allergen Gly m Bd 28K, P24 oleosin isoform B. Also, in accordance with germination, degree of protein expression of the related protein, Gibberellin was increased in un-germinated seeds of Iksan-Kong. In ungerminated seeds of Sinpaldal-kong, proteins were identified as down-regulated by soaking such as ATP binding and Inhibitor II', proteinase.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.57-84
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• 2013

New product development(NPD) is imperative management activity for growth and survival of the firm. In the context of the small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs), the firm became further dependent upon NPD with the increasing turbulence in environments. This research suggests the role of entrepreneurship orientation(EO) and absorptive capacity(ACAP) that affect the success rate of NPD in SMEs. Although each of them has been highlighted as critical resources in the aspect of the sustainable competitive advantage, the relationship and the effect between EO and ACAP have received scant attention. Based on the sample of 261 Korean SMEs, this study examines the direct/indirect effect of EO and ACAP on NPD performance. While innovativeness of EO has the direct effect on NPD performance, both risk-taking and proactiveness of EO show no significance. While realized ACAP has the positive influence on NPD performance, potential ACAP shows no significant influence. In addition, we found that the impact of innovativeness on NPD performance was being partially mediated by ACAP whereas the relationship between proactiveness and NPD performance being fully mediated by ACAP. These findings would provide generic insights that both exploration and exploitation regarding knowledge and resources in SMEs are necessary in order to increase NPD performance and two activities have to align with EO.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.243-248
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the ability for weed control of the shoot extract of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) and developing a sustainable weed management in organic farming. When the dried shoot powder was mixed with soil and treated with 2 cm above the soil surface, the germination for Echinochloa crus-galli, Digitaria cilialis, Abutilon theophrasti and Amaranthus retroflexus was inhibited maxium 40%. The growth inhibition of germinated seedlings in the A. theophrasti and A. retroflexus was maxium 30% while it was less than 30% in the E. crus-galli and D. cilialis. Shoot extracts at rates above $25mg\;ml^{-1}$ was effective to inhibit germination of D. cilialis, A. theophrasti and A. retroflexus. The shoot extract concentration required for 50% of germination inhibition was $60mg\;ml^{-1}$ in the E. crus-galli, while it was less than $10mg\;ml^{-1}$ in the D. cilialis, A. theophrasti and A. retroflexus. For the foliar application, 11 adjuvants were tested at 0.5% and DOS70, TM15 and TDE7 were most effective adjuvants for the shoot extracts. DOS70 was most effective and provided up to 60% of weed control efficacy for the tested four weed species. Though herbicidal efficacy of sorghum shoot was not enough to give a proper weed control, it can be expected that long term use of sorghum shoots can provide gradual decrease in weed seeds and weed density.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.183-194
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• 2014

Discussions for water resources vulnerability and index development with sustainable concept are actively being made in recent years. Based on such index, water resources vulnerability of present and future is determined and diagnosed. This study calculated the water resources vulnerability rankings by 152 nations, using indicator related to water resources assessment that can be obtained from World Bank, VRI (Vulnerability Resilience Indicator), ESI (Environmental Sustainability Index). In order to quantitatively assess of water resources vulnerability based on this indicator, TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) technique was applied to index water vulnerability and to determine the rankings by nations. As a results, South Korea was ranked as the 88th among the 152 nations including Korea. Among the continents, Oceania was the least vulnerable and Afirica was the most vulnerable in continents. WUnited State, Japan, Korea and China were vulnerable in order among the major countries. Therefore, water resources vulnerability rankings by nations in this study helps us to better understand the situation of South Korea and provide the data for water resources planning and measure.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.125-135
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• 2011

Automobile-oriented urban transport system, continued from the past in Korea, is giving rise to inefficiency and social costs in transport sector. With revitalizing usage of bicycle, human-powered transport mode, it is possible to enhance sustainable green growth, improvement of the city-competitiveness, and the quality of life. In this study, the possibility of bicycle usage promotion in Korean cities is examined at 7 points of views. As a result, though the bicycle usage is low now, we figured that there are many positive signs to increase bicycle usage in Korea. Also, we draw a diverse key policies for building green urban transport system that bicycle have a most important role on transport system. So policies to promote bicycle usage are reviewed to analyze on bicycle-oriented 5 cities, in which have high bicycle mode share. By this review, this study could draw 41 key effective policies to 3 aspects (bicycle infrastructure, safety and promotion, and policy sustainability). In addition to, importance of 21 key effective policies about bicycle infrastructure is suggested as considering city's characteristics.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.79-92
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• 2006

Environmental capacity assessment of Busan city was conducted to provide basis for planning on sustainable development and growth of the city. Using Onish model, assessment was carried out on amenities and service facilities for the citizens of Busan city. Ecological Footprint model was used to judge if the city exceeds the its environmental capacity and to estimate the extent of the excess if it exists. The analysis using Onish model revealed that the citizens of Busan city are generally well supported by the infrastructure and service facilities of the city. Water treatment and supply facilities have enough capabilities to support the city, whereas the relatively low rate of sanitary sewer supply (78%) suggests the need for further improvement in the wastewater area. The capacities of sanitary landfills are found sufficient enough to support the city for the next 10 years. The high value for the line length served per capita in the subway sector hints on certain inconvenience of commuters. All the air quality indicators meet the Korean and WHO standards except for $NO_2$. The ecological footprint model analysis produced EF indicators for Busan city of 3.04 ha/person and 2.54 ha/person for the years of 1993 and 2003, respectively. The decrease of the indicator from 1993 to 2003 is mainly due to the incorporation of Gijang area by Busan city in 1995, suggesting the importance of the ecologically productive area in the evaluation using this model. The analysis on the ecological deficit that is based on ecologically productive land shows that the consumption by Busan city exceeds its ecologically available production by 19,600% as of 2003. The area needed to support the consumption of Busan city in 2003 is 123 times as large as the present area of Busan city, which is substantially lower than the multiplier (742) obtained for Seoul city in 1997 but is higher than those observed for Chongju city (71 in 1999) and Ulsan city (39 in 2001).

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.307-316
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• 2019

In the agricultural sector, greenhouse gas emissions vary depending on the interaction of all ecosystem changes such as soil environment, weather environment, crop growth, and anthropogenic farming activities. Agricultural sector greenhouse gas emissions resulting from many of these interactions are highly variable. Uncertainty-based evaluation that defines the interval with confidence level of greenhouse gas emission and absorption is necessary to take account of the variance characteristics of individual emissions, but research on uncertainty evaluation method is insufficient. This study aims to decide on the effect of reducing N₂O emissions from upland soils using an uncertainty-based approach. An uncertainty-based approach confirmed whether there was a difference between confidence intervals in the 5 different fertilizer treatment groups to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Unlike the statistically significant test with three repetition averages, the uncertainty-based approach method estimated in this study is able to estimate the confidence interval considering the distribution characteristics of the emissions, such as the dispersion characteristics of individual emissions. Therefore, it is considered that the reliability of emissions can be improved by statistically testing the variance characteristics of emissions such as the uncertainty-based approach. It is hoped that the direction of the uncertainty-based approach for the effect of reducing greenhouse gas emissions in agriculture will be helpful in the future development of agricultural greenhouse gas emission reduction technology, adaptation to climate change, and further development of sustainable eco-social system.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.21-39
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• 2020

The purpose of this research is to build a mid- and long-term strategic plan for strengthening the status of Gangwon Metropolitan Office of Education as public libraries with the main functions of education, knowledge and culture in the community and helping facilitate the local growth. The current status and needs of Gangwon Metropolitan Office of Education was analyzed with a review of literature and websites, various library statistics, and user surveys and professional focus group interviews conducted during November and December 2019. Based on this analysis, a mission, vision, objectives, strategies, and main tasks of Gangwon Metropolitan Office of Education were established, and 4 strategic goals and 16 major projects were drawn to strengthen the strategic basis of 22 libraries, build specialized collections with a focus on education, recreate user-friendly spaces, and promote services, distinguished from public libraries under the supervision of Gangwon local government. It was necessary for Gangwon Metropolitan Office of Education to enhance and strengthen all of Hardware, Software and Human-ware, equipped with well-organized library building and facilities, collection and services, and professional librarians. In this research, the direction of a mid- and long-term strategic plan was presented for its dynamic operation and sustainable development in the future.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.415-430
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• 2015

Since the late 1990s Vinacafe has gone through strategic changes in corporate governance and managements due to an increase in the introduction of coffee MNCs, a growth of global demands in sustainable coffee, aging coffee tree, and the deterioration of coffee production with climate changes in Vietnam. Vinacafe has attempted to cope with these kinds of changes through strategies for equitization. Therefore, the main aim of this paper is to identify strategies for enhancing the competitiveness of the Vietnamese coffee industry by investigating changes in corporate governance and processes of coffee production and distribution. The equitization of Vinacafe has led to the enhancement of coffee competitiveness in two perspectives. Firstly, as it has decentralized decision-making from headquarter, subsidiaries have become able to strength their competitiveness themselves by introducing new technologies, improving coffee quality, and encouraging the introduction of eco-friendly production methods through cooperative relationships with stakeholders involved in coffee production and distributions in Vietnam. Secondly, it has also enhanced competitiveness through the diversification and effectiveness of coffee managements by intensifying the flexibility of contract with coffee farmers and diversifying coffee sales and supply chains in Vietnam.