• 상하수도학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.777-782
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• 2011

The residual treatment facilities in WTP(water treatment plant) play an important role in solid-liquid separation. At present, it is difficult to solve problems related with thickening and dewatering of WTP sludge, and discharging waste water to river. The quantity of residuals generated from water treatment plants depends upon the raw water quality, dosage of chemicals used, performance of the treatment process, method of sludge removal, efficiency of sedimentation, and backwashing frequency. Sludge production by the physical separation of SS(Suspended Solid) occurs under quiescent conditions in the primary clarifier, where SSs are allowed to settle and to consolidate on the clarifier bottom. Raw primary sludge results when the settled solids are hydraulically removed from the tank. In this study, Drawing characteristics of the sludge thickening in the thickener of Water Treatment Plants was simulated by Using CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.114-119
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• 2018

Yarn dyed wastewater has to be treated prior to disposal into the water bodies due to its high content of harmful organic compounds. In this study, the performance of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal and kinetic rate constant are investigated via hybrid electrocoagulation-Fenton in a continuous system using wastewater discharged from a yarn dyed industry in Surabaya city. The wastewater was treated in a batch mode using electrocoagulation to reduce Total Suspended Solid, followed by Fenton method in a continuous system to reduce COD level. Various Fe(II) feeding modes, molar ratio of $Fe(II)/H_2O_2$, initial pH of wastewater, and flow rate are used in this study. The results show that COD removal process obeys a pseudo-first order kinetics. At $Fe(II)/H_2O_2$ ratio of 1:10, initial wastewater pH of 3.0, and feed flow rate of 30 mL/min, the COD removal efficiency was observed to be 80%, and the kinetic rate constant is $0.07046min^{-1}$. The chemical cost for the treatment estimated to be IDR 160 per L wastewater, which is cheaper than the previously reported batch system of IDR 256/L.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.273-280
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• 2006

The sludge settleability is a key factor for operating activated sludge process as well as BNR (biological nutrient removal) process, because the poor sludge settling causes an increase of suspended solid in the effluent. In order to improving the sludge settleability, a settling agent such as iron dust can be applied. In this study, the effect of sludge settleability on the performance of DNR (Daewoo nutrient removal) process was investigated with GPS-X, which is the popular wastewater treatment process model program, and the result of modeling was verified with operating lab-scale DNR process. As a result, if the sludge blanket keeps stable in the secondary settling tank, the effluent quality is similar in spite of different SVI values. And in case of the good sludge settleability, short HRT or long SRT increased the biomass concentration in the bioreactor, and improved the pollutant removal efficiency. In spite of daily influent changing, the good sludge settleability also guaranteed the stable effluent quality. And the results of the lab-scale DNR process experiment could support the simulated results.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.417-423
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• 2018

축산 지역 하류에 위치한 농업용 저수지의 강우시 유입, 유출수 분석을 통해 축산지역의 강우 유출 특성과 저류지에 의한 축산계 비점 오염물질의 저류형 시설에 의한 유출 저감 효율을 분석하였다. 급경사지에 위치한 한우 축산 지역의 비점 오염물질 유출은 주로 초기세척현상에 의해 발생됨을 알 수 있었으며 강우시의 유입수 농도는 비강우시에 비해 SS농도가 가장 높게 발생하고 있으며 T-P도 4배 이상 증가하는 양상을 보인다. 반면 총질소는 평균 30% 증가하는 것으로 나타나는데 질소항목으로 보면 질산성 질소는 거의 변화가 없는 반면에 암모니아성 질소가 2배 이상 증가하고 있다. 저류형 비점 제거시설 효율 분석 결과 비강우시 총인 제거효율이 53%로 가장 높고 부유물질은 37% 제거되고 있다. 유기물질은 10% 내외, 총질소는 5% 이내로 제거되며 부영양화로 녹조가 번성하는 하절기에는 오히려 유출수의 질소농도가 더 높아지는 경우도 빈번히 발생하고 있다. 강우시의 유입수 농도는 비강우시에 비해 SS농도가 가장 높게 발생하고 있으며 T-P도 4배 이상 증가하는 양상을 보인다. 강우시 부유물질의 제거효율은 60%로 나타나고 있으며 총인은 22% 제거되어 비강우시에 비해 제거효율은 감소하고 있다. 환경부의 비점제거시설 기준보다 9배 이상의 용량을 지니고 있지만 비점 전용 시설로 활용되지 못하는 탓에 장마철에 거의 만수 상태로 담수하여 비점제거 효율에 있어서는 충분한 효과를 보이지 못하고 있는 것으로 나타나 저수지의 용량 뿐 아니라 수문관리 등 유지관리도 비점 제거효율에 영향을 미치는 중요 인자로 분석되었다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.250-257
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• 2006

The objective of this study is to propose an alternative process for the small sewage treatment plants in rural communities. A biofilter has been used for biological wastewater treatment, which is becoming the alternative to the conventional activated sludge system. The proposed process used in this study, which is packed with floating media (i.e. expanded polystylene), has advantages of biofilter system and alternative flow system and they are incorporated into one process. Pilot and bench scale studies were performed using domestic wastewater. In the results of pilot plant study, it was observed that the stable effluent water quality was achieved and it met the present effluent criteria of suspended solid (SS), organic matters, T-N and T-P. In the study for determination of the cycle of backwashing, it was observed that the cycle of backwashing depended on BOD loading rates of influents. In the BOD loading rates of $0.5kg\;BOD/m^3{\cdot}day$ and $1.0kg\;BOD/m^3{\cdot}day$, the backwashing cycle of 28 hour and 16 hour were needed, respectively. The optimum backwashing time was 120~80 seconds at the media expansion rate of 50%. In the removal of SS, organic matters, T-N and T-P, SS removal was rather achieved by physical filtration than biological mechanism and the removal of organic matters except for SS, T-N and T-P were mainly rather achieved by biological mechanism than physical filtration. In bench-scale study, the effects of recirculation rate was investigated on removal of SS, TCOD, T-N and T-P. It was observed that the recirculation made removal efficiencies of SS, TCOD, T-N and T-P increased. Especially, in T-N removal, the increase of T-N removal efficiency of 40% was observed in the reicirculation rate of 1Q compared with 0Q.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.298-305
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• 2015

The Standards for Water Works issued by the Korean government prescribed the insertion of inclined plates in a clarifier to enhance the settling of the suspended solids. In this study, in order to verify the role of the inclined plates, two identical laboratory-scale rectangular clarifiers were constructed and eight inclined plates were inserted into one of the clarifiers and inflow from same source was treated in both the clarifiers. Dye tests revealed that only the front three of the seven slots received the inflow at $0.57m^3/m^2{\cdot}h$, which was the highest SOR (surface overflow rate). Three different SORs, with 12 different SS (suspended solid) concentrations at each overflow rate, were fed to both clarifiers. However, the clarifier with the inclined plates failed to show an improved removal rate for the SS. In order to enable the Boycott effect within the slot, it is suggested that each slot created by the inclined plates receives equalized inflow. Moreover, collision of the inflow with the settled sludge at the bottom of the clarifier has to be avoided. These provisions, which can maximize the Boycott effect, should be added to the Standards for Water Works endorsed by Korean government.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.295-309
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the operational characteristics of wastewater treatment using Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) with Aerobic Granular Sludge (AGS) separator in the pilot plant. Pilot plant experiments were conducted using SBR with AGS separator and pollution removal efficiencies were evaluated based on the operational condition and surface properties of AGS. The results of the operation on water quality of the effluent showed that the average concentration of total organic carbon, suspended solids, nitrogen, and phosphorus was 6.89 mg/L, 7.33 mg/L, 7.33 mg/L, and 0.2 mg/L, respectively. All these concentrations complied the effluent standard in Korea. The concentration of mixed liquor suspended solid (MLSS) fluctuated, but the AGS/MLSS ratio was constant at 86.5±1.3%. Although the AGS/MLSS ratio was constant, sludge volume index improved. These results suggested that the particle discharged fine sludge and increased the AGS praticle size in the AGS. Optical microscopy revealed the presence of dense AGS at the end of the operation, and particles of > 0.6 mm were found. Compared to those of belt-type AGS separator, the required area and power consumption of the hydrocyclone-type AGS separator were reduced by 27.5% and 83.8%, respectively.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.816-821
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• 2017

하수 및 폐수 내 고농도의 인 및 부유물질 제어를 위해 개발한 일체형 완속교반/침전 그물망 압착식 섬유여과시스템을 이용하여 하수처리장의 반류수 내 부유성 고형물 및 인 처리에 적용했을 경우에 따른 성능을 검토하고자 하였다. 6가지 Mode로 실험을 하였으며, 16.7, 33.3, 41.7 및 50.0 ton/day 유량과 Al/P 몰비 2~4의 조건에서 실험을 행하였다. 응집제를 주입하였을 경우에 모두 높은 총인(T-P) 제거 효율을 보였지만 연속운전시간이 7.8 min~11.4 min으로 짧아지는 단점이 생겼다. 이를 극복하기 위해 일체형 완속교반/침전 그물망 압착식 섬유여과시스템을 응집/급속교반/공기주입/완속교반/침전공정 및 여과공정으로 진행 시 연속운전시간이 88.2 min으로 다른 모드로 운전한 결과에 비해 8~11.3배 정도 증가하였다. 역세수량율도 5.4%로 매우 낮게 나타남에 따라 이 공정이 가장 효율적인 처리방안으로 평가되었다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.194-206
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• 2003

A pilot study was performed to examine the feasibility of the pond system for further polishing of treatment wetland effluent to agricultural reuse of reclaimed water. The constructed wetland and pond system was installed in Konkuk University and the effluent from septic tank of school building was used as an influent to the wetland system. The effluent of the wetland was used as an influent to pond systems. The influent concentrations of total coliform(TC), fecal coliform (FC), and E. coli were about $10^5$MPN/100 ml, and they were reduced to less than 10,000 MPN/100 ml on average after wetland treatments, showing over 95 % removal. And they were further reduced to less than 1,000 MPN/100 ml in average, showing over 85∼93 % removal after pond treatment. Turbidity and SS were improved effectively on average and their pond effluent concentration was about 4.5 NTU and 9.8 mg/L in average, respectively Average $BOD^5$ concentrations were also reduced substantially to 9.3 mg/L with about 83 % removal rate after wetland and pond treatment systems. Nutrients removal was relatively low and removal rate for T-N and T-P was less than 43 and 44%, respectively after wetland and pond treatment. Considering stable performance and effective removal of bacterial indicators as well as other water quality parameters, low maintenance, and cost-effectiveness, pond system was thought to be an effective and feasible alternative for agricultural reuse of reclaimed water. This paper describes a preliminary result Iron pilot study and further investigations are recommended on the optimum design parameters before full scale application.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.674-681
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• 2009

Characteristics of organic matters (OM) in wastewater and the removal efficiencies were investigated using the influent and the effluent samples collected from 21 wastewater treatment plants. The OM characteristics investigated included biodegradability, humic content, specific UV absorbance (SUVA), the distribution percentage of refractory OM (R-OM), and synchronous fluorescence spectra. The types of wastewater (sewage, livestock waste/night soils, industrial waste) were easily distinguished by comparing the synchronous fluorescence spectra of the influent wastewater. The prominent peak of protein-like fluorescence (PLF) was observed for livestock waste/night soils whereas sewage exhibited a unique fluorescence peak at a wavelength of 370 nm. Irrespective of the wastewater types, the distribution percentage of R-OM increased from the influent to the effluent. Livestock waste/night soils showed the highest removal efficiency among all the three types of wastewater. There was no statistical difference of the removal efficiency between a traditional activated sludge and biological advanced treatment processes. Removal efficiency based on dissolved organic carbon DOC presented good correlations with the distribution percentage of R-OM and fulvic-like fluorescence (FLF) of the influent. The prediction for DOC removal efficiency was improved by using multiple regression analyses based on some selected OM characteristics and mixed liquid suspended solid (MLSS).