• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.177-184
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• 2020

Background & objective: The Korean government has expanded its benefit coverage to enhance patients' access to orphan drugs and cancer medicines. However, the number of new drugs whose indications were not applied to reimbursement in health insurance was increased. This study aimed to understand the perspectives of experts and various stakeholders on the introduction of a new funding program for cancer treatment and orphan drugs. Methods: We conducted email surveys comprising 19 questions, from September 9 to 26, 2016. We distributed questionnaires to members of the Pharmaceutical Benefit Appraisal Committee and Cancer Assessment Committee. We also conducted a qualitative study through group interviews with stakeholders, including pharmaceutical companies and some patient groups for diseases. Results: A total of 35 survey respondents recommended the introduction of a funding program for orphan drugs, whereas 66% recommended the launch of funding for anticancer drugs. In addition, most pharmaceutical companies and patient groups recommended the introduction of new funding programs targeting patients with cancer and rare diseases. However, some participants asserted that it would be more appropriate to modify the existing reimbursement scheme than launch new funding. Conclusion: This study concluded that introducing new funding needs a social consensus to relieve financial hardships at the patient level.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.28-38
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• 2015

This study was conducted by extending Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior(TPB) model in analyzing physician's observance behavior of National Health Insurance review standards. An extended TPB model was proposed by including 'background knowledge'and 'dorganizational commitment'in original model to predict physician's review standards observance behavior. Surveys for data collection were carried out on the physicians who were working in a general hospital, clinics, specialized hospitals, local medical centers and long term care hospitals located in Daegu and Kyoung-Buk province in Korea. Two hundreds twenty copies of questionnaires were distributed and 166 physicians responded. Data were analyzed using a structural equation model. The results show that an affirmative attitude and subjective norms have significant positive effects on physicians' behavior of observing review standards. However, the effect of perceived behavioral control on intention to behavior is not significant. The organizational commitment and background knowledge have a positive effect on the intention of observance of review standards. In conclusion, because physician's observance behaviors are affected by background knowledge and organizational commitment as well as attitudes, subjective norms, hospital managements should establish a communication system to share information on the review standards among physicians and provide appropriate measures to increase physician's organizational commitment.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-19
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• 2020

Purpose - This study is to classify quality characteristics of online environment-friendly agricultural products shopping malls into 6 categories and to empirically test their relationship with customer trust, perceived manageability, perceived utility and purchase intention. Research design, data, and methodology - This study targeted adults who have purchased ecofriendly agricultural production online malls for 4 weeks from September 3 to September 30, 2019. The survey type used was a structuralized self-report survey questionnaire made to meet the research purpose in 2019 as the time range. Out of 800 questionnaires, 500 copies are used after excluding surveys with insincere responses. Results - First, results to hypothesis 1, which was about independent variables and customer trust. Analysis showed that health, familiarity, platform reputation, reviews and product quality were found to have significant effect on customer trust; the hypothesis was adopted. On the other hand, system security did not affect customer trust significantly; it was rejected. Second, customer trust was shown to have significant effect on perceived manageability and perceived utility, so the hypothesis was adopted. Third, the hypothesis that perceived manageability moves onto perceived utility was adopted. Moreover, the hypothesis that perceived manageability moves onto purchase intention and the hypothesis that perceived utility moves onto purchase intention were adopted as well. Conclusions - Furthermore, the results of the study imply that it's imperative for online environment-friendly agricultural products shopping malls to consider their characteristics as the means to increase purchase intention of customers.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.984-991
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• 2022

The use of the sustainability rating systems in infrastructure construction projects is not as common in comparison to building construction projects. While the sustainability rating systems share some commonalities, they differ from one another in certain ways. Thus, project teams cannot make reliable decisions when choosing the best sustainability rating tools for a given infrastructure projects. The Department of Transportation (DOT) in several states are developing its own rating system to address the infrastructure sustainability, but not in the case of California. Therefore, this paper presents the statistical results on the important sustainability determinants that affects the success of meeting sustainability goals of infrastructure construction projects. The authors conducted an online survey using the structured questionnaires. The categories considered include site, water/wastewater, energy, materials/resources, environmental, and others. The statistical analyses such as Kruskal-Wallis and ANOVA are conducted using a total of 25 valid and complete data out of 59 surveys collected. The results demonstrate several factors under each of six major sustainable categories have received higher ranks than other factors. The results also show that a statistically significant difference can be found from water, energy, and environmental categories against the other category based on the pairwise comparisons.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.59-71
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• 2023

Objectives: The new educational system emphasizes acquisition of clinical competency by the time of graduation from Korean medicine colleges that allow Korean medicine doctors to immediately perform clinical tasks. This study investigated awareness of competency-based education in Korean medicine hospital residents who must simultaneously undergo training and assist medical students in clinical practice. Methods: This was a qualitative research that was conducted using focus group interviews (FGIs) to investigate the awareness of demands for improvement in competency-based Korean medicine education in Korean medicine hospital. To apply the principles and procedures of FGIs, a semi-structured questionnaire was developed. Data analysis was conducted using the five steps of framework analysis. Results: According to contents analysis, first competency-based education that reflects actual clinical practice tasks is needed. Second, sufficient basic skill mastery education must be reinforced. Third, an intermediate curriculum that mediates clinical practice and basic education is needed. Fourth, the Objective Structured Clinical Examination and Clinical Performance Examination must be expanded to prepare for the Korean medicine doctor practical test. Conclusions: Korean medicine residents reported the gap between clinical practice and use of knowledge and skills acquired in the curriculum while acting as direct observers and educations of clinical clerkship in hospitals. Based on this exploratory study it is necessary to conduct research on the educational competency of Korean medicine residents who play an important role as educational leaders in Korean medicine clinical practice training.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.517-524
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• 2020

The study examines factors affecting apartment prices in the real estate market of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The study uses primary data based on surveys of customers who have traded successfully, and collects transaction data from real estate trading companies that are the top investors in Ho Chi Minh City real estate market. The collected data include 384 observations in a total of 24 districts, detailing that each district surveyed on a minimum of four projects, each project carried out a survey on a minimum of four apartments. The survey collected 339 valid questionnaires for analysis and model testing. This study employs multivariate regression with the data of 339 observations. The research results reveal that five significant factors affect positively the price of apartments in Ho Chi Minh City - apartment area, toilet and bedroom, apartment floor, reference price, and apartment interior. Besides, there are three significant factors affecting negatively the price of apartments - next price trend, distance to city center, and potential building. From the results, the research proposes solutions in the pricing of apartments in the real estate market in Ho Chi Minh City - better information system, a real estate transaction index, and stricter management of small brokerage activities.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.207-214
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• 2016

Purpose: To validate the Korean Version of the Jefferson Empathy Scale for Health professionals (K-JSE-HP) in a sample of Korean nurses. Methods: Internal consistency reliability, construct and criterion validity were calculated using SPSS (22.0) and AMOS (22.0). Data were collected from 253 nurses (230 women, 23 men) working at one university hospital in Seoul, South Korea. Results: The Korean version of JSE-HP showed reliable internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha for the total scale of .89, and .74~.84 for subscales. The model of three subscales for the K-JSE-HP was validated by confirmatory factor analysis (${\chi}^2=864.60$, Q=6.55, p<.001, CFI=.94, NNFI=.92). Criterion validity compared to the Interpersonal Reaction Index (IRI) showed significant correlation. Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrate that the Korean JSE-HP shows satisfactory construct and criterion validity and reliability. It is a useful tool to measure Korean nurses' empathy.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.357-365
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate predictors of emotional labor and resilience on clinical competence in nursing students. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was distributed to 120 nursing students. Structured questionnaires addressing emotional labor, resilience, and clinical competence were employed. Descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and regression were used to analyze the data. Results: A total of 116 surveys were analyzed. Satisfaction of clinical practice and major showed statistically significant differences in clinical competence (F=6.59, p=.002; F=11.32, p<.001, respectively). Clinical competence was positively associated with resilience (r=.67, p<.001). Regression analyses showed that satisfaction of clinical practice and major, and resilience were statistically significant in predicting clinical competence with the explanatory power of 46.4% (F=20.91, p<.001). Conclusion: The results showed that resilience was the critical predictor of clinical competence in nursing students. It is therefore necessary to develop resilience programs to help improve clinical competence in nursing students.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.315-323
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was performed to compare mothers' health promotion behaviors between those who have a disabled child and those who have a healthy child. Method: The participants were 243 mothers from 24 Daycare Centers for Children with Disabilities and 310 mothers from 5 child daycare centers. Mothers with preschool children completed self-report questionnaires, asking about health behaviors for preschool children. Data from these surveys was analyzed using the ANOVA, t-test, and $x^2$-test with the SPSS 15.0 Win program. Result: Mothers with disabled children showed less health promotion behaviors than the mothers' of children without disabilities. Two sub-categories, activity-exercise and health perception-health management pattern, showed significant differences between the two groups. In addition, mothers' health behaviors for disabled children were significantly different according to the children's age, mothers' employed status, and number of children in the family. Conclusion: These results suggest that mothers with disabled preschool children are likely to practice less health promotion behaviors with their children compared to others. These findings suggest that health promotion support programs for mothers with disabled children should be developed and offered. For effective intervention, pediatric nurses also need to be involved in the health of disabled children.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.49-59
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• 2009

This study examined the programs of public library and the spaces for them in Seoul and Gyunggi area. The examination was performed by making field surveys on 12 sample public libraries and posing user questionnaires on 4 libraries out of the sample. The data from the questionnaire survey were processed and analyzed with SPSS 14.0. The results are as follows: First, according to the arrangement of the furniture, the space usages for the programs in public libraries are divided into four classes, one-way exposure: free of furniture: two-way exposure. The one-way exposure has been the most common though the furniture arrangement varies with the characteristics of a program. Second, language or information technology related programs are the most frequently attended programs in public libraries. Lastly, the space usage for the reading education programs has had the highest level of the user satisfaction measurement while the user satisfaction is lower in those for general culture programs and health care programs.