• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.247-253
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• 2004

As a large scale port development in coastal waters proceeds step by step and populations in the vicinity of port are getting increased, the issue on "how to dispose the treated municipal water and wastewater in harbor" brings peoples′ concern. The submarine outfall system discharges the primary or secondary treated effluent at the coastline or in deep water, or between these two. The effluent, which has a density similar to that of fresh water, rises to the sea surface forming plume or jet, together with entraining the surrounding sea water and becomes very dilute. We intended in this paper to investigate the impact on dilution of effluent and the behavior of flume under the conditions of the seasonal and spatial temperature variations, which have not been noticeable in designing effective marine outfall system. To predict and analyze the behaviour and dilution characteristics of plume not just with the effluent temperature, but also with the seasonal variation of temperature of surround water and tidal changes, CORMIX(Cornell Mixing Zone Expert System)-GI have been applied. The results should be used with caution in evaluation the mixing zone characteristics of discharged water. We hope to help for the effective operation of outfall system, probable outfall design, protection of water quality, and warm water discharges from a power plant, etc.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2008년도 International Symposium on Remote Sensing
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• pp.224-227
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• 2008

Land cover and its changes, affecting multiple aspects of the environmental system such as energy balance, biogeochemical cycles, hydrological cycles and the climate system, are regarded as critical elements in global change studies. Especially in arid and semiarid regions, the observation of ecosystem that is sensitive to climate change can improve an understanding of the relationships between climate and ecosystem dynamics. The purpose of this research is analyzing the ecosystem surrounding the Gobi desert in North Asia quantitatively as well as qualitatively more concretely. We used Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) derived from SPOT-VEGETATION (VGT) sensor during 1999${\sim}$2007. Ecosystem monitoring of this area is necessary because it is a hot spot in global environment change. This study will allow predicting areas, which are prone to the rapid environmental change. Eight classes were classified and compare with MODerate resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) global land cover. The time-series analysis was carried out for these 8 classes. Class-1 and -2 have least amplitude variation with low NDVI as barren areas, while other vegetated classes increase in May and decrease in October (maximum value occurs in July and August). Although the several classes have the similar features of NDVI time-series, we detected a slight difference of inter-annual variation among these classes.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.309-319
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• 2011

In this study, we investigated the effects of Upo-swamp upon local thermal environment with nighttime cooling rate. To do this, we set up the AWS(Automatic Weather observation System) over the central part of Upo-swamp on the early October 2007. We conducted the study by comparing the AWS data with another weather data observed by several meteorological observations of the Korea Meteorological Administration located at the vicinity of Upo-swamp for one year. The air temperature of Upo-swamp was higher than that of the surrounding in cold-climate season. But it was opposite in warm-climate season. We confirmed that Upo-swamp roles to mitigate the daily and annual air temperature ranges. And the daily air temperature variation of Upo-swamp lagged behind the land one. This phenomenon represent that the heat reservoir capacity of Upo-swamp is much larger than that of the ground.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2003년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.556-563
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• 2003

This paper presents a method to investigate the characteristics of a hydrodynamic bearing of a HDD spindle motor due to elevated temperature considering the variation of the clearance as well as the lubricant viscosity. Iterative finite element analysis of the heat conduction and the thermal deformation is performed to determine the viscosity and clearance of a hydrodynamic bearing due to elevated temperature until the temperature of the bearing area converges. Proposed method is verified by comparing the calculated temperature with the measured one in elevated surrounding temperature as well as in room temperature. This research shows that elevated temperature changes the clearance as well as the lubricant viscosity of the hydrodynamic bearing of a HDD spindle motor. Once the viscosity and clearance of a hydrodynamic bearing of a HDD spindle motor are determined, finite element analysis of the Reynolds equation is performed to investigate the static and dynamic characteristics of a hydrodynamic bearing of a HDD spindle motor due to elevated temperature. It also shows that the variation of clearance due to elevated temperature is another important design consideration to affect the static and dynamic characteristics of a hydrodynamic bearing of a HDD spindle motor.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제30권6_2호
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• pp.673-680
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• 2012

Long-term GPS data analysis was performed in order to analyze the seasonal variation of tropospheric delay and the success rate of the ambiguity resolution. For this analysis, a total of 57 stations including 10 IGS stations in East Asia were processed together with double-differenced observables using Bernese GPS Software V5.0. The time span for this study ranges from 2002.0 to 2012.5 (10.5 years). The average baseline length is 339.0 km and the maximum reaches up to 2,000 km. The analysis is focused on two things: the annual variation of the tropospheric delay and the ambiguity resolution rate. The tropospheric delay is closely related to the weather condition, especially relative humidity, therefore it was estimated that the maximum would be in summer, while reaching its minimum in winter with the apparent seasonal variations. On the contrary, however, the success rate of the ambiguity resolution shows the opposite pattern: its maximum was in winter and minimum in summer. The fact seems to be induced by the surrounding conditions; that is, the trees thick with leaves near the GPS antenna interfere with GPS signals in summer. This seems to confirm partly that there is a distinct trend in the decreasing success rate since 2006 because the trees are growing every year. It is necessary to eliminate the factors that degrade the GPS quality and the tropospheric modeling for Korea needs to be studied further.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.815-821
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• 1994

이동전파신호에서의 단구간 페이딩 현상은 이동국이 이동할 때 집, 건물 등 주변 반사체와 숲과 같은 자연적 방해물에 의한 다중경로 반사파에 의하여 발생하게 된다. 본 논문에서는 대전 및 서울 지역에서 측정하여 얻은 이동전파신호의 전계강도 측적데이타를 이용하여 확률밀도함수(PDF), 레벨 교차율(LCR), 페이드의 깊이와 넓이에 대하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 평균치가 일정한 작은 구간내에서의 신호 변화에 대한 통계적 분포는 레일리 분포를 따른다. 페이트 깊이는 위치에 대한 크기의 별화는 심하나 도심지역이나 변두리지역등 지역적 특성에 따른 깊이차이는 거의 없었으며, 페이트 넓이는 주변 구조물과 지역특성에 따라 변화가 매우 심하였다. 또한 레벨 교차율은 평균치 근처에서 최대가 되는 것을 볼 수 있었다.

• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.75-80
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• 2002

Depending upon geographical features and surrounding errors in the survey field, inaccurate positioning is inevitable in a kinematic DGPs survey. Therefore, a data inaccuracy detection algorithm and an interpolation algorithm are essential to meet the requirement of a digital map. In this study, GPS characteristics are taken into account to develop the data inaccuracy detection algorithm. Then, the data interpolation algothim is obtained, based on the feature type of the survey. A digital map for 20km of a rural highway is produced by the kinematic DGPS survey and the features of interests are lines associated with the road. Since the vertical variation of GPS data is relatively higher, the trimmed mean of vertical variation is used as criteria of the inaccuracy detection. Four cases of 0.5%, 1%, 2.5% and 5% trimmings have been experimented. Criteria of four cases are 69cm, 65cm, 61cm and 42cm, respectively. For the feature of a curved line, cublic spine interpolation is used to correct the inaccurate data. When the feature is more or less a straight line, the interpolation has been done by a linear polynomial. Difference between the actual distance and the interpolated distance are few centimeters in RMS.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권10호
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• pp.3359-3366
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• 2021

An engineered barrier system (EBS) for the deep geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste (HLW) is composed of a disposal canister, buffer material, gap-filling material, and backfill material. As the buffer fills the empty space between the disposal canisters and the near-field rock mass, heat energy from the canisters is released to the surrounding buffer material. It is vital that this heat energy is rapidly dissipated to the near-field rock mass, and thus the thermal conductivity of the buffer is a key parameter to consider when evaluating the safety of the overall disposal system. Therefore, to take into consideration the sizeable amount of heat being released from such canisters, this study investigated the thermal conductivity of Korean compacted bentonites and its variation within a temperature range of 25 ℃ to 80-90 ℃. As a result, thermal conductivity increased by 5-20% as the temperature increased. Furthermore, temperature had a greater effect under higher degrees of saturation and a lower impact under higher dry densities. This study also conducted a regression analysis with 147 sets of data to estimate the thermal conductivity of the compacted bentonite considering the initial dry density, water content, and variations in temperature. Furthermore, the Kriging method was adopted to establish an uncertainty metamodel of thermal conductivity to verify the regression model. The R² value of the regression model was 0.925, and the regression model and metamodel showed similar results.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.259-274
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• 2014

2013년 8월 18일 일본의 사쿠라지마 화산에서 비교적 큰 규모의 분화가 발생하였다. 이에 본 연구에서는 천리안 위성 자료를 이용하여 화산분화 다음날 주변 지역의 화산재를 감지하였으며, 기상청 청양 지자기 관측소 자료와 함께 일본 지자기 관측소 자료를 이용하여 지자기 변동에 대해 분석하였다. 먼저, 지자기 관측 자료를 이용하여 주성분 분석을 수행하고 관측 자료의 재구성 자료를 구축하였다. 재구성된 자료는 웨이블릿 기반 셈블런스 분석을 수행하였다. 다음으로는 지자기 관측 자료의 고유값 분석을 수행하고 Kp 지수와의 웨이블릿 기반 셈블런스 필터링을 통해서 태양의 영향을 최소화하였다. 분석결과에서는 전체적으로 화산 발생 시점에서 이벤트가 발생하는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 다만, 일부 지자기 관측소의 경우 화산이 아닌 다른 영향을 받았을 가능성을 배제 할 수 없다. 이 연구에서는 국내 연구로는 드물게 화산 분화에 의한 지자기 영향을 분석하였으며 향후 지진 화산 연구에 도움이 될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2000년도 추계 학술대회지
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• pp.3-11
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• 2000

The Asian summer monsoon has a profound social and economic impact in East Asia and its surrounding countries. The monsoon is basically a response of the atmosphere to the differential heating between the land mass of the Asian continent and the adjacent oceans. The atmospheric response, however, is quite complicated due to the interactions between the atmospheric heat sources, land-sea contrast, and topography, The occurrence of extreme summertime floods in Korea, Japan, and China in 1998 and 1999 has highlighted the range of variability of the East Asian summertime monsoon circulation and spurred interest in investigating the cause of such extreme variability. While ENSO is often considered a prime mechanism responsible for the unusual hydrological disasters in East Asia, understanding of the connection between ENSO and the East Asian monsoon is hampered by their dynamic complexities. Along with a recent phenomenon of weather abnormalities observed in many parts of the globe, Korea has seen its share of increased weather abnormalities such as the record-breaking heavy rainfalls due to a series of flash floods in the summers of 1998 and 1999, following devastating Yangtze river floods in China. A clear regime shift is found in the tropospheric mean temperature in the northern hemisphere middle latitudes and the surface temperature over the Asian continent during the summer with a sudden warming since 1977. Either decadal climate variation or climate regime shift in the Asian continent is evident and may have altered the characteristics of the East Asian summer monsoon. Considering the summertime rainfall amount in Korea is overall increased lately, the 1998/99 heavy rainfalls may not be isolated episodes related only to ENSO, but could be a part of long-term climate variation. The record-breaking heavy summer rainfalls in Korea may not be direct impact of ENSO. Instead, the effects of decadal climate variation and ENSO may be coupled to each other and also to the East Asian summer monsoon system, while their individual impacts are difficult to separate.