• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2012

The reconstruction of surfaces from unorganized point clouds can provide very useful information for construction managers. Although point clouds are generally created using 3D scanners, they can also be generated via the structure-from-motion technique using a sequence of images. Here we report a novel surface reconstruction technique for modeling and quantifying earthworks that can be used for preliminary planning, project updates and estimating of earthwork quantities, as well as embedded planning systems in construction equipment. The application of structure-from-motion techniques in earth works is examined and its advantages and limitations identified. Data from 23 earthwork excavation construction sites were collected and analyzed. 3D surface reconstructions during the construction phase were compared to the original land form. Similar experiments were conducted with piles of earth and the results analyzed to determine appropriate ranges of use for structure-from-motion surface reconstructions in earthwork applications. The technique was found to be most suited to pile of materials with volumes less than 2000 m3. Piles up to 10 m in height and with base areas up to $300m^2$ were also successfully reconstructed. These results should be of interest to contractors seeking to utilize new technology to optimize operational efficiency.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.273-278
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• 2014

일련의 국부영역으로부터 이차미분값을 획득하여 전체 형상을 복원하는 측정법을 제안하였다. 측정시 기울기가 제거된 국부형상에 대해 곡률과 이차미분이 동일시 되는 점을 이용하여, 3개의 이차미분값으로부터 직교하는 2방향을 따라 3차원형상을 복원할 수 있는 알고리즘을 구현하였다. 임의로 발생시킨 Zernike다항식의 계수로 자유곡면형상을 생성시키고, 구현된 알고리즘을 적용함으로써 검증과정을 수행하였다. 적용한 결과 최대 0.8 mm Sag를 갖는 직경 200 mm영역의 자유곡면형상에 대해 RMS 19 nm 형상복원오차를 갖고 복원됨을 확인하였다. 측정오차에 대한 복원오차 민감도를 진단하기 위해 SNR(Signal-to-Noise Ratio) 16의 가우시언 랜덤 노이즈를 부여한 후, 복원되는 형상의 오차를 진단한 결과, 197 nm의 형상복원오차가 발생함을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.1445-1456
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• 2018

Environment perception and three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction tasks are used to provide unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) with driving awareness interfaces. The speed of obstacle segmentation and surrounding terrain reconstruction crucially influences decision making in UGVs. To increase the processing speed of environment information analysis, we develop a CPU-GPU hybrid system of automatic environment perception and 3D terrain reconstruction based on the integration of multiple sensors. The system consists of three functional modules, namely, multi-sensor data collection and pre-processing, environment perception, and 3D reconstruction. To integrate individual datasets collected from different sensors, the pre-processing function registers the sensed LiDAR (light detection and ranging) point clouds, video sequences, and motion information into a global terrain model after filtering redundant and noise data according to the redundancy removal principle. In the environment perception module, the registered discrete points are clustered into ground surface and individual objects by using a ground segmentation method and a connected component labeling algorithm. The estimated ground surface and non-ground objects indicate the terrain to be traversed and obstacles in the environment, thus creating driving awareness. The 3D reconstruction module calibrates the projection matrix between the mounted LiDAR and cameras to map the local point clouds onto the captured video images. Texture meshes and color particle models are used to reconstruct the ground surface and objects of the 3D terrain model, respectively. To accelerate the proposed system, we apply the GPU parallel computation method to implement the applied computer graphics and image processing algorithms in parallel.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2011년도 정기 학술대회
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• pp.273-276
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• 2011

표면의 물성은 표면효과를 고려한 나노 스케일의 구조물의 기계적 거동 해석에 있어서 필수적인 요소이다. 이러한 해석을 위한 방법론 중 surface relaxation model을 이용하여 박막의 표면 물성을 계산하는 방법은 이미 FCC 모델에서는 검증된 바 있으나, 동일한 방법론을 diamond 구조를 가지는 실리콘에 일괄적으로 적용할 수는 없다. 이는 FCC 구조를 갖는 금속과는 달리 실리콘이 공유결합 물질이라는 점과, 박막표면에서 다양한 surface reconstruction이 가능하다는 점, 그리고 실리콘의 diamond lattice가 FCC lattice에 비해 추가적인 자유도가 존재한다는 점으로부터 기인한다. 본 논문에서는 이와 같은 조건을 고려하여 Si 박막의 표면 물성을 해석하기 위한 surface relaxation 모델을 제시한다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.31-49
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• 2012

In this paper, we propose a very efficient method which reconstructs the high resolution surface from a set of unorganized points. Our method is based on the level set method using adaptive octree. We start with the surface reconstruction model proposed in [20]. In [20], they introduced a very fast and efficient method which is different from the previous methods using the level set method. Most existing methods[21, 22] employed the time evolving process from an initial surface to point cloud. But in [20], they considered the surface reconstruction process as an elliptic problem in the narrow band including point cloud. So they could obtain very speedy method because they didn't have to limit the time evolution step by the finite speed of propagation. However, they implemented that model just on the uniform grid. So they still have the weakness that it needs so much memories because of being fulfilled only on the uniform grid. Their algorithm basically solves a large linear system of which size is the same as the number of the grid in a narrow band. Besides, it is not easy to make the width of band narrow enough since the decision of band width depends on the distribution of point data. After all, as far as it is implemented on the uniform grid, it is almost impossible to generate the surface on the high resolution because the memory requirement increases geometrically. We resolve it by adapting octree data structure[12, 11] to our problem and by introducing a new redistancing algorithm which is different from the existing one[19].

• 정보처리학회논문지A
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• 제14A권3호
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• pp.133-140
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• 2007

SWBF(shrink-wrapped boundary face) 알고리즘은 조직되지 않은 3차원 측정점으로부터 표면을 재구성하기 위해 최근에 제안된 방법이다. 본 논문에서는 SWBF 알고리즘의 표면 중복문제를 제기하고, 이를 해결하기 위한 개선된 표면 재구성 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 방법은 경계셀이 아닌 모든 셀들을 내부셀과 외부셀로 구분하고, 개선된 경계면의 정의를 이용해 초기메쉬에서 표면의 중복이 발생하지 않도록 하였다. 또한, 측정 방향에 따라 표면 샘플링의 조밀도가 차이가 나는 일반적인 3차원 스캐너로부터 추출된 데이터의 처리를 위해 셀 영상에서 2차원 연결성을 정의하여 사용하였다. 실험을 통해 제안된 방법이 SWBF 알고리즘의 표면중복문제를 극복하는데 매우 유용함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.175-180
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• 2016

광기전공학 기술이 융합된 광학계의 발달은 광학계를 구성하는 부품의 표면이 비구면 또는 자유곡면으로 진화하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 광학식 자유곡면의 국부영역으로부터 직교하는 2방향의 곡률을 정의하여 전체 형상을 복원하는 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 8.4 m 자유곡면 형상을 가진 반사거울에 구현된 알고리즘을 적용한 결과 형상 복원 최대오차 0.065 nm, 평균제곱근 오차 0.013 nm로 복원됨을 확인하였다. 프루브의 위치오차 발생에 대한 노이즈 민감도를 해석한 결과, 2 mm 오차에 대해서도 형상복원 최대오차 30 nm, 제곱평균제곱근 오차 8.7 nm로 위치 오차에 매우 둔감한 알고리즘임을 확인하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.1028-1032
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• 1995

The structure and electronic properties of the Si(100) surface is studied using the atom superposition and electron delocalization method. The energy released when the symmetric dimer surface is reconstructed to form the buckled dimer surface with p(2X2) symmetry is calculated to be 0.99 eV per dimer in the case of ideal clean surfaces. This indicates that the surface dimer buckling is intrinsic from the viewpoint of thermodynamics. The relaxation energy, when water is adsorbed on the clean symmetric dimer surface to form the buckled dimer surface, is 2.25 eV per dimer for appropriate coverages. These results show that H2O molecule could induce a reconstruction of the surface structure through adsorption. The buckling of the surface dimer is, therefore, more favorable under the existence of water vapour. This conclusion supports the recently obtained experimental observations by Chander et al.

• 공학논문집
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2006

We propose efficient methods for implementing 3-D reconstruction algorithms for Compton camera. Since reconstructing Compton scattered data involves the surface integral over the cone associated with the measurement bin, it is crucial to develop a computationally efficient surface integration method. In this work we assume that a cone is made up of a series of ellipses (or circles) stacked up one o top of the other. In order to reduce computational burden for tracing ellipses formed by the intersection of a cone and an image plane, we construct a series of imaginary planes perpendicular to the cone axis so that each plane contains a circle, not an ellipse. In this case the surface integral can be performed by adding uniform samples along each circle. The experimental results demonstrate that our method using imaginary planes significantly improves computational efficiency while keeping reconstruction accuracy.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.171-180
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• 1993

X-선 광전자 분광법(XPD)을 이용하여 GaAs(110) 절개면의 결정구조를 이해하였다. 각분해 X-선 분광법으로 GaAs(110) 면의 내각준위 Ga 및 As 3d의 스펙트럼을 얻어, 이 내각 준위의 세기 비율(intensity ratio)의 방위각과 편각에 따른 변화를 SSC(Single Scattering Cluster) 모델에서 얻은 회절패턴으로 곡선분석(fitting)하여 절개면의 재구성 구조(reconstruction geometry)를 얻었다. 이 절개면의 재구성된 값은 다른 실험의 결과와 비슷하였다.