• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.18-28
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• 2006

무딘 물체 주위의 고마하수 유동의 수치해석은 여러 문제점을 지니고 있으며, 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위한 다양한 해석 기법이 제시되어왔다. 그러나 20년 이상된 수치 기법과 비교할 때 현장 경험의 부족, 그리고 특별한 응용을 위하여 기존의 코드를 수정하는 번거로움 등으로 인해 새로운 기법들은 한정된 응용 분야에서만 이용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 지난 25년간 가장 널리 이용되고 있고 여러 상용코드에도 적용된 Roe의 FDS 수치해법을 이용하여 알고리듬이나 전산유체해석 코드의 수정 없이 3차원 고마하수 유동 해석의 문제점을 극복하는 방안을 살펴보았다. 매우 큰 마하수에서도 엔트로피 수정을 통하여 Riemann 해법들의 문제점으로 잘 알려진 carbuncle 현상이 해결 가능함을 보였으며, 비물리적 해의 문제도 초기조건의 간단한 수정으로 엔트로피 수정이나 격자 형상에 관계없이 해결할 수 있었다.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.109-114
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and indications of the modified Essex-Lopresti reduction in calcaneal fractures. Materials and Methods: We reviewed retrospectively 41 cases of displaced intraarticular calcaneal fractures. The fracture was reduced with Essex-Lopresti technique with modification in compression of the lateral wall with the specially designed compression device instead of the operator's hands. We evaluated the results of treatment by AOFAS scale and the radiographic parameters including the Bohler's angle, calcaneal width, calcaneofibular distance and the congruency of the posterior facet. Results: Boler's angle was restored from 11 to 29.6 degrees on average, heel width was reduced to 112% of contralateral value, the calcaneofibular gap was restored up to 87.9% of contralateral side, and the articular surface of the posterior facet was restored less than 2 mm of step off and less than 2 mm of gap. AOFAS scale averaged 87 points. The quality of reduction was best in Sander's type II fractures. Small sized fragments in type III fractures could not be reduced. The results were better when the reductions were performed within 24 hours of injury. Conclusion: The modified Essex-Lopresti reduction was less invasive, easy to perform, and the results of treatment were similar to those of open reduction; it seemed to be a reasonable alternative for the selected intraarticular calcaneal fractures.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.327-336
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• 2002

Disinfection process in water treatment plants (WTPs) is one of the most important step in order to inactivate waterborne disease. However, what is the necessary disinfection in WTPs was not properly established in Korea. This study was conducted to evaluate disinfection performance in nationwide water treatment plants (n=474). Disinfection requirement based on the SWTR (Surface Water Treatment Rule) of the U.S. (1-log Giardia removal) was chosen in estimating the compliance. The scope of unit process for evaluating disinfection performance includes postdisinfection process in clearwells, pipeline, and storage tank. The worst water quality condition in individual WTPs was applied for the disinfection performance evaluation. The major results are as follows. First, it was appeared that 184 WTPs (39 %) provided insufficient disinfection performance. Disinfection performance was significantly improved during past 2 years. The ratio of the number of WTPs providing insufficient disinfection performance in 1999 and 2001 was 78 % and 41 %, respectively. One of major factors for this improvement was due to the improvement of $T_{10}/T$ value in clearwell, as a result of modification of clearwell facility. Second, if disinfection criteria is 3-log Giardia inactivation at worst water quality condition, then 19 % of all WTPs can not meet this disinfection criteria. And if disinfection criteria is strengthened to 4-log Giardia inactivation, then 58 % of all WTPs can not meet this disinfection criteria. Since disinfection criteria is decided by contamination level of Giardia in source water, it also needs the investigation of Giardia occurrence in source water.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.118-126
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• 1998

반도체 접촉구를 메우기 위하여 소오스의 직진성을 향상시키기 위한 연구를 수행하 였다. 이온화클러스터빔 증착법을 이용하는 동시에 셀의 구조를 개선하여 직진성 향상을 도 모하였다. 중성클러스터 만으로 구리를 증착할 경우 직진성은 매우 우수하였으나 소오스의 표면 이동이 적어 박막은 주상형으로 성장하며 측벽에의 증착은 거의 일어나지 않았으며 성 장에 따라 그림자효과로 인한 단차에서의 벽개가 관찰되었다. 그러나, 가속전압을 인가하여 전하를 띤 클러스터를 형성시켜 증착하였을 때 주상형 성장 모드는 사라졌으며, 직경 0.5$\mu$ m, aspect ratio 2의 접촉구에서 완벽한 바닥면의 도포성을 나타내었고, 측벽에의 증착성도 향상되어 막의 연결성이 개선되었다. 이로써 이온화 클러스터빔 증착법이 직진성을 향상시 켜 작은 접촉구의 메움을 향상시킬수 있는 물리적 증착 방법임을 확인하였다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.138-146
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• 2007

Some biodegradable polymers and other materials such as hydrogels have shown the promising potential for surgical applications. Post surgical adhesion caused by the natural consequence of surgical wound healing results in repeated surgery and harmful effects. Recently, scientists have developed absorbable anti-adhesion barriers that can protect a tissue from adhesion in case they are in use; however, they are dissolved when no longer needed. Although these approaches have been attempted to fulfill the criteria for adhesion prevention, none can perfectly prevent adhesions in all situations. Overall, we developed a new method to fabricate an anti-adhesion membrane using biodegradable polymer and hydrogel. It employed a highly accurate three-dimensional positioning system with pressure-controlled syringe to deposit biopolymer solution. The pressure-activated microsyringe was equipped with fine-bore nozzles of various inner-diameters. This process allowed that inner and outer shapes could be controlled arbitrarily when it was applied to a surgical region with arbitrary shapes. In order to fulfill the properties of the ideal barriers f3r preventing postoperative adhesion, we adopted the pre-mentioned method combined with surface modification with the hydrogel coating by which anti-adhesion property was improved.

• 공업화학
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.104-111
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 생분해성 지방족 폴리에스터 중 비교적 고가인 poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT)와 상대적으로 저가의 생분해성 고분자인 polylactic acid (PLA)의 블렌드에 3종류의 개질제를 사용하여 그 효과를 조사하였다. 개질제로는 에폭시계의 커플링제와 diisocyanate계열의 methylenediphenyl 4,4'-diisocyanate (MDI)와 hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI)를 사용하였다. 여러 가지 조성의 블렌드에 용융흐름지수, 동적 점탄성을 조사하였다. 또한, 인장시험을 통한 기계적 물성 조사와 FE-SEM으로 시편의 파단표면을 관찰하였다. 이를 통해 PLA/PBAT 블렌드의 상용성과 개질제의 효과 및 기계적물성에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였다. 개질제로 HDI를 사용했을 때 PLA/PBAT의 인장물성이 크게 증가하였다.

• 대기
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.121-136
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• 2008

We investigate effects of vertical resolution on a parameterization of convective gravity waves (SGWDC) developed in Song and Chun (2005) through offline and online tests of the SGWDC parameterization. For offline tests, numerical simulations of the SGWDC parameterization with different number of vertical levels (L66, L117, L168, L219 and L270) from the surface to 120 km are performed for two different saturation methods. It is found that the wave momentum forcing is overestimated or underestimated in the SGWDC parameterization with different vertical resolutions, depending on the saturation methods. The increase of the vertical resolution modifies the magnitude and distribution of the wave momentum forcing in the parameterization, and this is mainly due to modification of wave saturation levels in the wave saturation processes. However the wave momentum forcing converges in the parameterizations with vertical resolutions higher than L168. For online test, the SGWDC parameterizations with vertical resolutions of L66 and L164 are implemented into a climate model with vertical resolution of L66, separately. In the L164 experiment, the wave momentum forcing decreases in the mid-latitude winter mesosphere in July and zonal mean flows are more realistically reproduced in the tropical regions compared with those in the L66 experiment. These results demonstrate that the wave momentum forcing calculated in the parameterization is sensitive to the vertical resolution, and the implementation of the SGWDC parameterization into high resolution models is required for realistic representation of the gravity wave momentum forcing in large-scale numerical models.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2012

PURPOSE. The influence of the modified process in the fiber-reinforced post and resin core foundation treatment on the fracture resistance and failure pattern of premolar was tested in this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Thirty-six human mandibular premolars were divided into 4 groups (n = 9). In group DCT, the quartz fibre post (D.T. Light-post) was cemented with resin cement (DUO-LINK) and a core foundation was formed with composite resin (LIGHT-CORE). In group DMO and DMT, resin cement (DUO-LINK) was used for post (D.T. Lightpost) cementation and core foundation; in group DMO, these procedures were performed simultaneously in one step, while DMT group was accomplished in separated two steps. In group LCT, the glass fiber post (LuxaPost) cementation and core foundation was accomplished with composite resin (LuxaCore-Dual) in separated procedures. Tooth were prepared with 2 mm ferrule and restored with nickel-chromium crowns. A static loading test was carried out and loads were applied to the buccal surface of the buccal cusp at a 45 degree inclination to the long axis of the tooth until failure occurred. The data were analyzed with MANOVA (${\alpha}$= .05). The failure pattern was observed and classified as either favorable (allowing repair) or unfavorable (not allowing repair). RESULTS. The mean fracture strength was highest in group DCT followed in descending order by groups DMO, DMT, and LCT. However, there were no significant differences in fracture strength between the groups. A higher prevalence of favorable fractures was detected in group DMT but there were no significant differences between the groups. CONCLUSION. The change of post or core foundation method does not appear to influence the fracture strength and failure patterns.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.1081-1086
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• 2008

양자 점을 이용한 QD-LED(Quantum Dot - Light Emitting Device)의 소자 제작을 하기 위해서는 양자 점의 균일한 배열이 중요하다. 핵-껍질(core-shell) 구조의 CdSe/ZnS 양자 점을 기판에 고 밀도, 고 균일도로 배열하기 위하여 두 종류의 분자 끈(molecular linker)을 사용하였고, 공정의 단순화와 비용 절감을 위하여 고분자 도장인 PDMS(polydimethylsiloxane)를 이용한 미세접촉인쇄방법으로 양자 점들을 배열하였다. $TiO_2/ITO$ 기판에 양자 점을 고정시켜주는 역할을 하는 분자 끈으로는 2-carboxyethylphosphonic acid(CAPO)를 사용하였고, 양자 점 사이의 인력을 향상시켜주는 분자 끈으로는 1,6-hexanedithiol(HDT)을 사용하였다. 양자 점들의 배열 특성을 주사전자현미경(SEM, scanning electron microscope)과 원자 힘 현미경(AFM, atomic force microscope)으로 분석하였고, 광 발광분광기(PL, photoluminescence spectroscope)로 발광특성을 측정하였다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.52-57
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 낮은 사이클 안정성을 갖는 MCMB의 단점을 향상시키기 위하여 높은 사이클 안정성과 부피팽창이 없는 장점을 갖는 물질인 $Li_4Ti_5O_{12}$를 코팅하여 core-shell 구조의 $MCMB/Li_4Ti_5O_{12}$를 합성하고 $MCMB/Li_4Ti_5O_{12}$를 음극으로, $LiMn_2O_4$, Active carbon fiber를 양극으로 사용하여 단위 셀을 제조하였다. $LiPF_6$ 염과 EC/DMC/EMC 용매를 전해질로 사용하여 제조한 하이브리드 커패시터 단위 셀로 충방전, 사이클, 순환전압전류, 임피던스 테스트를 진행하여 전기화학적 특성을 평가한 결과, MCMB-$Li_4Ti_5O_{12}/LiMn_2O_4$ 전극을 사용한 하이브리드 커패시터가 MCMB 전극의 하이브리드 커패시터 보다 좋은 충/방전 성능을 보였고, 67 Wh/kg, 781 W/kg의 에너지밀도와 출력밀도를 나타내었다.