• 한국압력기기공학회 논문집
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.100-109
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• 2020

Pipelines subjected to ground movement would be easily exposed to large-scale deformation. Since such deformations may cause the pipeline failure, it is important to ensure the safety of pipelines in various operation conditions. However, crack in weld metal have been considered as one of the main causes that can deteriorate the structural integrity of the pipeline. For this reason, the structural integrity of the pipe containing the crack in the weld should be obtained. In order to assess cracked pipe, J-integral and crack-tip opening displacement(CTOD) have been applied widely as the elastic-plastic fracture mechanics parameters representing crack driving force. In this study, engineering solutions to calculate the J-integral and CTOD of pipes with a circumferential outer surface crack in the weld are proposed. For this purpose, 3-dimensional elastic-plastic finite element(FE) analyses have been performed considering the effect of overmatch and width of weld. The shape of the weld was simplified to I-groove, and axial displacement was employed as for loading condition. Based on FE results, the effects of crack size, material properties and width of weldment on J-integral and CTOD were investigated. Additionally, the J-integral and CTOD for I-groove were compared with those for V-groove to examine the effects of the weld shape, and a proportionality coefficient of J-integral and CTOD was calculated from the results of this paper.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.509-517
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• 2022

도시의 대형화로 인해 도심지 지하공간은 점점 고밀화되어 가고 있으며, 지하공간 활용에 대한 수요 또한 급격히 증가하고 있다. 도심지에서는 상부뿐만 아니라 지중에도 통신, 교통 등을 위한 지중 구조물 또한 존재하고 있다. 이러한 도심지의 지중에 신설 구조물을 시공할 경우, 상부 및 지중에 존재하는 인접 구조물과의 상호거동에 대한 이해가 필수적이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 기존 군말뚝 및 운영중 터널에 인접하여 터널이 신설될 경우 침하와 지중의 전단변형을 유한요소해석을 통해 분석한다. 운영 중 터널-말뚝 간의 이격거리, 말뚝 개수, 말뚝 중심간격 등이 변수로 고려되었으며, 수치해석을 통해 말뚝 및 인접 지반 침하를 비교한 결과, 말뚝의 중심간격보다 군말뚝-신설 터널 수직이격거리 및 운영중 터널-신설 터널 간의 수평이격거리가 침하에 더 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 구조물 간의 이격거리 증가에 따라 신설 터널 굴착에 따른 전단변형률이 미치는 영향이 감소되는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.24-33
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• 2017

국내 도시철도 지하역사는 주로 개착식 공법으로 건설되었으며, 1970~80년대에 건설된 지하역사는 내진설계가 반영되지 않았다. 한반도 뿐 만 아니라, 전 세계적으로 지진 발생빈도는 증가하고 있는 추세이며, 내진설계가 적용되지 않은 기존 지하역사에 지진이 발생될 경우 막대한 인명 및 재산피해가 우려된다. 본 연구에서는 내진보강이 된 지하역사의 지반-구조물 상호작용과 보강효과를 검토하기 위해, Kobe 지진파 및 Northridge 지진파를 1/60축소모형에 적용하여 원심모형실험을 수행하였다. 내진보강은 주 부재인 기둥, 측벽, 슬래브의 강성을 증가시켜 내진보강 전후를 비교 검토하였다. 현장 조건에 따른 모형 지반을 모사하기 위해 공진주시험을 통해 실제 깊이 및 밀도에 따른 전단파 속도의 변화를 모사하였다. 지반과 구조물은 비교적으로 유사한 거동을 하였으며, 지표면으로 가까워질수록 상대변위가 증가하였다. 또한, 내진 보강전후의 지하역사 구조물의 슬래브에 비해 기둥과 측벽에서 상대변위와 모멘트 구조 거동을 통해 내진 보강 효과를 확인할 수 있었으며, 단주기인 Northridge지진파에 비해 Kobe지진파에서 구조물의 변형이 크게 발생하는 것을 통해 지진파는 주요 설계인자임을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.5-12
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• 2013

철도노반에서 임계속도효과는 시간영역에서의 유사-공진현상으로서 차량의 주행속도와 노반표면파의 군속도대역이 중첩되면서 에너지가 증폭되는 현상을 의미한다. 과거에는 열차의 주행속도가 낮고 지반의 군속도가 높았기 때문에 문제가 되지 않았으나, 열차속도가 고속화되면서 임계속도효과가 궤도틀림에 영향을 미치는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 현재까지는 임계속도에 대하여 주로 이론적인 분석만 제시되었는데 실질적인 임계속도효과를 효율적으로 평가하기 위해서는 궤도 및 노반의 지지강성을 현장조건과 유사하게 고려하는 것이 필요하다. 그래서 본 논문에서는 유한요소해석을 이용하여 궤도 및 노반의 지지조건을 고려한 임계속도해석을 수행하였다. 궤도조건은 자갈궤도와 콘크리트궤도로 구분하였으며 노반의 지지강성은 10~300MPa범위에서의 임계속도영향을 평가하였다. 해석결과 노반의 지지강성에 따른 변형증폭을 확인하였으며, 궤도지지조건에 대한 임계속도영향도 매우 큰 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.43-56
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• 1993

The laboratory tests are performed on how the liquefaction potential of the sea dike structures on the saturated sand or silty sand seabed could be affected due to earthquake before and after construction results are given as follows ; 1. Earthquake damages to sea dike structures consist of lateral deformation, settlement, minor abnormality of the structures and differential settlement of embankments, etc. It is known that severe disasters due to this type of damages are not much documented. Because of its high relative cost of the preventive measures against this type of damages, the designing engineer has much freedom for the play of judgement and ingenuity in the selection of the construction methods, that is, by comparing the cost of the preventive design cost at a design stage to reconstruction cost after minor failure. 2. The factors controlling the liquefaction potential of the hydraulic fill structure are magnitude of earthquake(max. surface velocity), N-value(relative density), gradation, consistency(plastic limit), classification of soil(G & vs), ground water level, compaction method, volumetric shear stress and strain, effective confining stress, and primary consolidation. 3. The probability of liquefaction can be evaluated by the simple method based on SPT and CPT test results or the precise method based on laboratory test results. For sandy or silty sand seabed of the concerned area of this study, it is said that evaluation of liquefaction potential can be done by the one-dimensional analysis using some geotechnical parameters of soil such as Ip, Υt' gradation, N-value, OCR and classification of soils. 4. Based on above mentioned analysis, safety factor of liquefaction potential on the sea bed at the given site is Fs =0.84 when M = 5.23 or amax= 0.12g. With sea dike structures H = 42.5m and 35.5m on the same site Fs= 3.M~2.08 and Fs = 1.74~1.31 are obtained, respectively. local liquefaction can be expected at the toe of the sea dike constructed with hydraulic fill because of lack of constrained effective stress of the area.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.383-397
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• 2014

Information technology advances are allowing conventional surveillance systems to be combined with mobile communication technologies, creating ubiquitous monitoring systems. This paper proposes monitoring system that uses smart camera technology. We discuss the dependence of interior orientation parameters on calibration target sheets and compare the accuracy of a three-dimensional monitoring system with camera location calculated by space resectioning using a Digital Surface Model (DSM) generated from stereo images. A monitoring housing is designed to protect a camera from various weather conditions and to provide the camera for power generated from solar panel. A smart camera is installed in the monitoring housing. The smart camera is operated and controlled through an Android application. At last the accuracy of a three-dimensional monitoring system is evaluated using a DSM. The proposed system was then tested against a DSM created from ground control points determined by Global Positioning Systems (GPSs) and light detection and ranging data. The standard deviation of the differences between DSMs are less than 0.12 m. Therefore the monitoring system is appropriate for extracting the information of objects' position and deformation as well as monitoring them. Through incorporation of components, such as camera housing, a solar power supply, the smart camera the system can be used as a ubiquitous monitoring system.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.79-89
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• 1996

It is expected that the soil hehaviours in the seahed subjected to cyclic wave loads are much different from that on the ground Cyclic shear stresses developed below the ocean bed as a result of a passing wave train may progressively build up pore pressure in certain soils. Such build-up pore pressure may be developed dynamic behaviour such as liquefaction and significant deformation of the seabed. Currently available analytical and testing methods for the seabed subjected to cyclic wave loads are not general. The purpose of the study are to provide a test method in laboratory and to analyse the mechanism of wave-induced stresses and liquefactions potentials of the unsaturated silty marine sand. It is showed that the test set-up made especially for this study delivers exactly oscillatory wave pressures of the form of sine function. Laboratory test results defining the cyclic shear strength of the unsaturated porous medium that is homogenously sedimented. It is understood that the pore water pressure due to induced-waves is not accumulated as the wave number increases but reveals periodical change on the still water surface. The magnitude of the pore water pressure tends to be attenuated radically with a certain time lag under the action of both high and low waves as depth increases.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.85-94
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• 1996

For the geotechnical analysis in the construction and Deign of the coastal structures, one of the most important factors is the existence of waves. The dynamic behavior and deformation of the seabed subjected to wave load must be considered. It is expected that the soil behavior in the seabed subjected to cyclic wave load is much different from that on the ground subjected to dynamic forces such as earthquake. The purposes of this study are as follows ; Firstly, to provide a testing method to generate wave loads in the laboratory and measuring oscillatory pore water pressures in the unsaturated marine silty sand specimen, Secondly, to analyze the mechanism of wave induced pore water pressures and liquefaction potentials under the conditions in the testing. It is shown that the test set-up manufactured especially for the test is good to generate oscillatory wave pressures to the specimen with sine wave type. From the results of this study, it is understood that the pore water pressure due to induced waves is not accumulated as the wave number increases but is periodically varied with wave passage on still water surface. The magnitude of pore water pressures measured tends to be diminished radically with a certain time lag under the action of both high and low waves as depth increases.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 초청강연 및 논문집
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• pp.1250-1253
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• 2008

As a reinforcement technique, the application of removable soil nailing has been extended to solve the public grievance of typical soil nailing such as the geotechnical environmental problem and invasion of adjacent land. In the case of removable soil nailing, pullout capacity of the nail depends on the adhesive strength of a fixed socket. Because the existing fixed socket is made from a plastic product, the strength of a socket is less than a steel bar and then the yield failure by abrasion and deformation is occurred on the steel bar-socket contact surface. In this study, therefore, experimental analysis from laboratory test of a removable soil nail equipped with steel socket, improving the adhesive strength of steel bar-socket connection is performed to estimate the increase effect of pullout capacity of a soil nail.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.69-78
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• 2022

A high-resolution camera is a precise optical system. Its vibrations during transportation and launch, together with changes in temperature and gravity field in orbit, lead to different degrees of defocus of the camera. Thermal refocusing is one of the solutions to the problems related to in-orbit defocusing, but there are few relevant thermal refocusing mathematical models for systematic analysis and research. Therefore, to further research thermal refocusing systems by using the development of a high-resolution micro-nano satellite (CX6-02) super-resolution camera as an example, we established a thermal refocusing mathematical model based on the thermal elasticity theory on the basis of the secondary mirror position. The detailed design of the thermal refocusing system was carried out under the guidance of the mathematical model. Through optical-mechanical-thermal integration analysis and Zernike polynomial calculation, we found that the data error obtained was about 1%, and deformation in the secondary mirror surface conformed to the optical index, indicating the accuracy and reliability of the thermal refocusing mathematical model. In the final ground test, the thermal vacuum experimental verification data and in-orbit imaging results showed that the thermal refocusing system is consistent with the experimental data, and the performance is stable, which provides theoretical and technical support for the future development of a thermal refocusing space camera.