• 한국주거학회논문집
• /
• 제27권6호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2016

This study is focusing on Territoriality which is supposed to be one of the most important elements to activate open spaces in apartment communities. Case analysis with onsite visit is selected as the research method of this study targeting 6 apartment complexes in Bukgu and Gwangsangu, Gwangju city which accommodate over 500 households up to 800 households, which show high occupancy ratio and which were built after 2006 to minimize the physical environment variable. The result of this study is concluded as follows. First, we need the elements which can induce various action and the use of floor surface in color, pattern, and material should be considered in the stance of pedestrian for easy recognition of Territoriality change. Second, To secure the view, we should consider to plant shrubs or to plant trees wider apart. In most cases, enclosure is secured by using trees of Vertical Boundary for safety and comfort, but overuse in some cases make residents feel fear of enclosed spaces and insecurity. Third, Various and harmonious design elements can be recommended to increase aesthetic impression, to induce positive response for design, and to be used consistently. Finally, Unique space using notable landmark or design elements should be considered.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.18-23
• /
• 2006

Purpose: We reviewed the clinical finding of malignant melanoma of the foot in korean because it's advanced stage and extended lesion at diagnosis. Materials and Methods: Retrospective study was enforced about the 11 cases who has diagnosed to malignant melanoma of the foot from February 1995 to March 2004. The mean follow up period was 61 months. In this study we used age, sex, site, depth, histology, clinical stage, precursor lesion, misdiagnosis, interval to diagnosis, survival time, survival. Results: Average age was 58 years and number of female was six. Common site of involvement were heel of plantar surface (6 cases) and subungual area (2 cases). Depths of involvement were 0.3 to 10 mm, most common histological type was acral lentiginous melanoma (7 cases), stage 5 according to classification of Clark were 5 cases and stage 2 or more according to clinical staging were 8 cases. precursor lesion were benign melanocytic nevi (2 cases) and ill defined (9 cases). Chief complaint were increasing of size, color change, pain and ulceration. Conclusion: Malignant melanoma of the foot usually arise at nonvisible area and is easy to be misdiagnosed or delayed treatment. So it is hard to early diagnosis and have poor prognosis. So we need education and effort to early detection and diagnosis.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• 제42권3호
• /
• pp.129-135
• /
• 2012

In this study, the changes in hair quality before and after Magic straight perm have been evaluated through a hair damage measurement method. For this, a healthy high school student's (age18 years) wavy hair was selected and permed on the left and right sides. Then, the changes caused by physical methods which were applied during the fl at iron-based Magic straight perm were evaluated based on the hair damage measurement method before and after the Magic straight perm. According to the protein release test after the Magic straight perm, 1.26% in average and 0.14% was observed in Cool Magic straight perm sample. In a field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) test, saw teeth-shaped partial desquamation of cuticle cells and impurities were observed in the warm-treated hair sample. In atomic force microscope (AFM), line-profile is a method to represent roughness data on hair. According to analysis on 3-dimensional (3D) images, the hair with Cool Magic straight perm was lower than the hair with Warm Magic perm in terms of the color change of 3D images. In addition, vertical changes were observed in the hair with Cool Magic perm. As a result, irregular surface roughness was observed. This study proposed a method to minimize hair damage by cooling down the heat with the cool hair straightener as soon as the Warm Magic was finished.

• 펄프종이기술
• /
• 제48권1호
• /
• pp.134-141
• /
• 2016

Dampening in printing is not only used with plain water but also used with various substances like dampening additive, in order to improve the wetting property by lowering the surface tension and to control material for modifing the ink transfer characteristic with proper emulsification. We have studied the printing quality according to these, looking into interrelationship among the dampening solution's pH, electrical conductivity and IPA content, prescribing the proper usage and minimum usage of fountain solution and dampening additive. In this study, it shows good result when mixing at the 7 wt% dampening with additive solution, which is result from the color density of printed sheets in accordance with the change of dampening solution condition. And the printed density value calculated 1 hour after printing, it shows relatively safe value at the etch liquid 4 wt% and IPA addition 2 wt%. The dry down at this test showed similar results regardless of various dampening conditions on coated paper, but in case of uncoated paper, the dry down showed a quite gap of different due to the fast penetration to the paper.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.63-69
• /
• 2004

It is of great interest to enhance mixing performance in a microchannel in which the flow is usually characterized as a low Reynolds number (Re) so that good mixing is quite difficult to be achieved in this laminar flow regime. In this regard, we present a new chaotic passive micromixer, named Barrier Embedded Micromixer (BEM), of which the mixing mechanism is based on chaotic flows. In BEM, chaotic flow is induced by periodic perturbation of the velocity field due to periodically inserted barriers along the channel wall while a helical type of flow is obtained by slanted grooves on the bottom surface of the channel in the pressure driven flow. To experimentally compare the mixing performance, a T-microchannel and a microchannel with only slanted grooves were also fabricated. All microchannels were made of PDMS (Polydimethylsiloxane) from SU-8 masters that were fabricated by conventional photolithography. Mixing performance was experimentally characterized with respect to an average mixing intensity by means of color change of phenolphthalein as pH indicator. It was found that mixing efficiency decreases as Re increases for all three micromixers. Experimental results obviously indicate that BEM has better mixing performance than the other two. Chaotic mixing mechanism, suggested in this study, can be easily applied to integrated microfluidic systems , such as Micro-Total-Analysis-System, Lab-on-a-chip and so on.

• 환경생물
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.101-105
• /
• 2001

The biodeterioration with blue-green algae has been studied since 1997 up to 2000 in the tomb of King Mooryong in Kongiu, Korea. Biodeterioration in the tomb initially started from the formation of micro-organismic biofilm that had been suggested to make minor changes on the stone surface. This study revealed that the biofilm formed by microorganisms could result in permanent damages on stone cultural properties. The application of a chemical, 'K2Ol', developed by the author successfully removed fouling of biofilm on the surfaces of stone cultural properties. When small pieces of granite stone were embedded in the solution to study the side effects of the chemicals for a period of three months, the mechanical stability was 0.97 compared to control and there was no change in color. Biodeterioration is one of the most harmful factors that decrease the value of stone cultural properties but it may be treated with a development of proper chemicals.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.171-178
• /
• 2009

A comparative analysis of the hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS) and UV abosrber (UVA) and their respective photostabilizing effect on wood plastic composites (WPCs) are reported in this study. The influence of accelerated weathering on the mechanical properties of the composites and the microscopic morphology of a degraded layer on the cross section and the surface were studied. UV absorbers were more efficient at preventing composite lightening than was UV stabilizer. The amount of whitening decreased with the increase of photostabilizers. With the addition of a UV absorber (Tinuvin360), the tensile modulus and strength of the composites increased slightly. However, the addition of a light stabilizer (Tinuvin770) and a UV absorber decreased the tensile modulus and strength of the composites. After 250 and 500 hr exposure, tensile modulus and strength of the un stabilized and stabilized composites decreased. The tensile strength of UV absorber (Chimassorb81)-stabilized composites was significantly greater than that of control and light stabilizer (Tinuvin770)- and UV absorber (Tinuvin360)-stabilized composites. UV absorber-stabilized samples showed less whitening and photodegradation than control and light stabilizer-stabilized samples.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.196-204
• /
• 2010

본 논문에서는 핸드폰 조립 전의 키패드의 개별버튼에 불량 검사방법을 제안한다. 제안한 알고리즘은 키패드의 영역 분할, 폰트 영역 분할, 이동 및 회전의 처리과정을 통해, 동일 색상의 검사 및 등급 분류, 폰트 검사, 스크래치 검사로 이루어져 있다. 특히, 본 논문에서 제안한 영역분할 방법은 기존의 단순 문턱치를 기반으로 키패드의 경사나 곡면 모양에 기인한 휘도 변화에 대응하기 위해, 패드 영역만을 B-spline으로 근사화하여, 각 화소마다 다른 표면 문턱치를 적용하는 방법을 제시한다. 또한, 키패드의 회전 정보를 고유치 및 고유벡터를 사용하여 매우 빠르고 효율적으로 구하는 방법을 제시한다. 실험결과 제안한 방법은 실제 인라인 공정상에 적용하여 실험결과 우수한 성능을 보여준다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한원격탐사학회 2006년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2006 PORSEC Volume I
• /
• pp.297-300
• /
• 2006

The knowledge of fuel load and composition is important for planning and managing the fire hazard and risk. However, fuel mapping is extremely difficult because fuel properties vary at spatial scales, change depending on the seasonal situations and are affected by the surrounding environment. Remote sensing has potential of reduction the uncertainty in mapping fuels and offers the best approach for improving our abilities. This paper compared the results of object-oriented classification to a pixel-based classification for fuel type map derived from Hyperion hyperspectral data that could be enable to provide this information and allow a differentiation of material due to their typical spectra. Our methodological approach for fuel type map is characterized by the result of the spectral mixture analysis (SMA) that can used to model the spectral variability in multi- or hyperspectral images and to relate the results to the physical abundance of surface constitutes represented by the spectral endmembers. Object-oriented approach was based on segment based endmember selection, while pixel-based method used standard SMA. To validate and compare, we used true-color high resolution orthoimagery

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제28권5호
• /
• pp.1069-1075
• /
• 1999

The sterilization was attempted to improve the quality deterioration of soybean paste during its storage. For this experiment, soybean paste was sterilized at 80oC for 30 minutes and stored during 6 months at 15oC and 30oC, respectively. The total approximate composition contents were moisture 52.5%, crude protein 11.94%, crude fat 2.0%, amino nitrogen 413.3mg%, sodium chloride 11.61% and ash 15.5%. According to the increase of storage period, pH was decreased gradually because of the increase of organic acids by the metabolism of microorganisms and the acid accumulation by acid forming bacteria, but titratable acidity was increased during storage. Amino nitrogen was rapidly increased for the first one or two month storage period and maintained as the same level for the rest of them. Each amino acid contents of soybean paste, which were glutamic acid, tryptophan, proline, arginine, and aspartic acid, had much higher level than others. In color changes sterilized soybean paste(SSP) was much lower than that of raw ones(RSP). Hunter L and b values on the surface of soybean paste were decreased during storage, and the decreasing levels were higher at 30oC than at 15oC. Hunter a value, however, was increased a little in the initial storage, and thereafter it was decreased. Lactic acid bacteria, yeasts, and molds were disappeared completely by the sterilization. However, the bacteria of aerobes and anaerobes were not disappeared by this processing.