• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2000년도 추계학술발표대회 및 bio-venture fair
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• pp.703-706
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• 2000

We constructed a biospecific affinity surface using hyper-branched dendrimers on gold for biospecific recognition, and characterized the resulting surfaces by using confocal fluorescence microscopy. The dendrimer monolayer was firstly constructed on the mercaptoundecanoic acid SAM/Au with pentafluorophenyl ester activation and further functionalized with sulfo-NHS-biotin, an activated ester of biotin. To confirm the formation of biospecific affinity surface, FITC(fluorescein isothiocyanate)-labeled avidin was loaded onto the biotinylated dendrimer monolayer, and fluorescence images of the bound avidins were investigated with a confocal microscope. The constructed biospecific affinity surface showed a much more dense and uniform fluorescence compared to those from poly-L-lysine- and cystamine SAM-based affinity surfaces. For the dependency on the concentration of added FITC-labeled avidin on the affinity surface, derived fluorescence could be detectable from as low as $1{\mu}g/ml$, and intensified up to $50{\mu}g/ml$. Further reaction of FITC-labeled avidin layer with TMR(tetramethylrhodamine)-biocytins resulted in the efficient FRET(fluorescence resonance energy transfer) phenomenon. As an extension of the study, we attempted a patterning of the affinity surfaces on gold by microcontact printing. Fluorescence of the patterned surface demonstrated that FITC-labeled avidin molecules were specifically bound to the biotinylated patches.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회논문집B
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• pp.373-378
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• 2000

An experimental investigation on the incipience of nucleate boiling in forced flow of water is performed as a verification and extension of previous analysis. The effects of the subcooling, Reynolds number and surface curvature on the onset of nucleate boiling(ONB) in a concentric annulus flow channel with smooth inner heating surface is investigated experimentaly. Through flow visualization, the boiling phenomenon was observed directly and the experimental results were examined to find ONB heat flux. The results show that the variation of heat flux at ONB is increased linearly as the Reynolds number and subcooling are increased. The effect of surface curvature is very great specially for a small radius when radius of the inner heating tube is increased, the heat flux at ONB is almost inversely increased for the range of this investigation. It is found that the effect of convex surface curvature on ONB heat flux is very significant for a small radius.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2000년도 추계학술발표대회 및 bio-venture fair
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• pp.52-55
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• 2000

Structually organized mono- and multilayers were developed on gold for the catalytic and affinity biosensing using hyper-branched dendrimers. For the catalytic biosensing interface, a new approach to construct a multilayered enzyme film on the electrode surface was developed. The film was prepared by layer-by-layer depositions of dendrimers and periodate-oxidized glucose oxidase. The voltammograms obtained from the GOx/dendrimer multilayered electrodes revealed that bioelectrocatalytic response is directly correlated to the number of deposited bilayers. From the analysis of voltammetric and ellipsometric signals, the coverage of active enzyme per layer during the layering steps was estimated, demonstrating the spatially-ordered multilayer formation. As an extension of the study, dendrimers having various degrees of ferrocenyl modification were prepared and used. The resulting electrodes were electrochemically characterized, and the density of ferrocenyl groups, active enzyme coverage, and sensitivity were estimated. For the affinity-sensing surrface, a biosensor system based on avidin-biotin interaction was developed. As the building block of affinity monolayer, G4 dendrimer having partial ferrocenyl-tethered surface groups was prepared and used. And the biotinylated and electroactive dendritic monolayer was used for the affinity-sensing surface interacting with avidin. Electrochemical characterization of the resulting biosensor was conducted using free enzyme in electrolyte in terms of degree of surface coverage with avidin and subsequent surface shielding.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.196-201
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• 2015

아열대 채소인 모로헤이야의 남부지역 무가온 하우스 재배시 신초 다수확을 위한 적정 파종시기와 적심높이를 설정하기 위해 본 시험을 수행하였다. 모로헤이야 종자는 $10^{\circ}C$에서는 전혀 발아되지 않았으나 $18{\sim}30^{\circ}C$에서는 95.5~98.5%가 발아되었으며, $15^{\circ}C$에서는 75.0%의 발아율을 보였으나 발아세가 아주 낮았다. 또한, 4월 28일 이전 파종시 8월 하순 이후 꼬투리가 성숙되었으나, 5월 7일 이후 파종시에는 꼬투리 성숙이 이루어지지 않았다. 모로헤이야 신초의 수확량과 수확횟수는 4월 14일 파종한 경우에 가장 많았고, 상품수량도 다른 시기에 비해 14~42% 증가하였다. 한편, 지제부로부터 100cm 높이에서 적심한 후 연속 수확한 처리에서 분지수가 가장 많이 증가하였으며, 이에 따라 신초수량도 다른 높이의 적심처리에 비해 많았다. 따라서 모로헤이야를 남부지역에서 무가온 하우스 재배시 4월 중순에 파종하고 100cm 높이에서 적심하는 것이 지속적인 신초수확에 유리한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회 2002년도 Molecular and Cellular Response to Toxic Substances
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• pp.14-40
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• 2002

15-Deoxy-${\Delta}^{12, 14}$-prostaglandin $J_2$ (15-deoxy-$PGJ_2$), a naturally occurring ligand activates the peroxisome proliferator-activated $receptor-{\gamma}(PPAR-{\gamma}$). Activation of $PPAR-{\gamma}$ has been found to induce cell differentiation such as adipose cell and macrophage. Here it was investigated whether 15-deoxy-$PGJ_2$ has neuronal cell differentiation and possible underlying molecular mechanisms. Dopaminergic differentiating PC 12 cells treated with 15-deoxy-$PGJ_2$ (0.2 to 1.6 ${\mu}M$) alone showed measurable neurite extension and expression of neurofilament, markers of cell differentiation. However much greater extent of neurite extension and expression of neurofilament was observed in the presence of NGF (50 ng/ml). In parallel with its increasing effect on the neurite extension and expression of neurofilament, 15-deoxy-$PGJ_2$ enhanced NGF-induced p38 MAP kinase expression and its phosphorylation in addition to the activation of transcription factor AP-1 in a dose dependent manner. Moreover, pretreatment of SD 203580, a specific inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase inhibited the promoting effect of 15-deoxy-$PGJ_2$(0.8 ${\mu}M$) on NGF-induced neurite extension. This inhibition correlated well with the ability of SB203580 to inhibit the enhancing effect of 15-deoxy-$PGJ_2$ on the expression of p38 MAP kinase and activation of AP-1, The promoting ability of 15-deoxy-$PGJ_2$ did not occur through $PPAR-{\gamma}$, as synthetic PPAR-${\gamma}$ agonist andantagonist did not change the neurite promoting effect of 15-deoxy-PGJ$_2$. In addition, contrast to other cells (embryonic midbrain and SK-N-MC cells), $PPAR-{\gamma}$ was not expressed in PC-12 cells. Other structure related prostaglandins, PGD$_2$ and $PGE_2$ acting via a cell surface G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) did not increase basal or NGF-induced neurite extension. Moreover, GPCR (EP and DP receptor) antagonists did not alter the promoting effect of f 5-deoxy-$PGJ_2$ on neurite extension and activation of p38 MAP kinase, suggesting that the promoting effect of 15-deoxy-$PGJ_2$ may not be mediated GPCR. These data demonstrate that activation of p38 MAP kinase in conjunction with AP-1 single pathway may be important in the promoting activity of 15-deoxy-$PGJ_2$ cells.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.347-354
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• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the physical and chemical properties of soils in Saemangeum reclaimed lands. The investigated areas were total 5,020 ha which included 220 ha for Agricultural Life site, 2,450 ha for Tourism & Leisure site, 1,130 ha for Industrial & Research site, 820 ha for Bioenergy crop production site, and 400 ha for Rural City site. Soil samples consisting of the upper 20 cm from the surface were collected in every $200m{\times}500m$ of the each site in March and September, 2015. Particle size distribution of soils in the reclaimed land was 83.2% sand, 8.6% silt and 8.2% clay in average. Soil texture was distributed as 40.8% sandy soil, 35.5% loamy sand, and 19.7% sandy loam. Based on the investigation of soil chemical properties conducted in March, 2015, soil pH, electrical conductivity of a saturated soil paste extract (ECe), and exchangeable (Exch.) $K^+$ and $Mg^{2+}$ concentrations were higher than those of the optimum levels for upland soil, whereas soil organic matter content, available (Avail.) phosphate concentration, and Exch. $Ca^{2+}$ concentration were lower than those of the optimum ranges. Depending on the results of the soil chemical properties measured in September, 2015, soil pH, ECe, and Exch. $K^+$ concentration were higher than those of the optimum levels, but soil organic matter, Avail. phosphate, and Exch. $Ca^{2+}$ concentration were lower than the optimum ranges. In addition, distribution of sodic soil ranged between 41.4% and 50.0%, and saline soils were from 16.4 to 31.8%. Soils with pH values above 7.0 increased from 15.3% in March to 35.2% in September. Soils with ECe values over $4.8dS\;m^{-1}$ increased from 45.6% to 50.7%, whereas soils with the values below $2.0dS\;m^{-1}$ decreased from 42.8% to 36.9%.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.275-281
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• 2015

Objective : In order for Taekwondo athletes to perform destructive kicking performance, they are expected to have Taekwondo-specific muscle properties such as high muscle strength and power. The purpose of this study was to investigate the joint angle-dependent force-producing property of Taekwondo athletes' knee extensor muscles, which is one of the primary muscle groups involved in kicking performance. Method : Ten Taekwondo male athletes (age: $19.9{\pm}0.7yrs$, height: $180.6{\pm}6.2cm$, body mass: $75.9{\pm}8.9kg$, career: $9.2{\pm}2.9yrs$.) and 10 healthy male non-athletes (age: $26.3{\pm}2.6yrs$, height: $174.2{\pm}4.8cm$, body mass: $72.8{\pm}7.7kg$) participated in this study. Subjects performed maximum isometric knee extension at knee joint angles of $40^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$, $80^{\circ}$, and $100^{\circ}$ (the full knee extension was set to $0^{\circ}$) with the hip joint angles of $0^{\circ}$ and $80^{\circ}$ (the full extension was set to $0^{\circ}$). During the contractions, knee extension torque using an isokinetic dynamometer simultaneously with muscle activities of the rectus femoris (RF), and the vastus lateralis (VL) and vastus medialis (VM) using surface electromyography were recorded. Based on the torque values at systematically different knee-hip joint angles, the joint torque-angle relationships were established and then the optimal joint angle for the knee extensor was estimated. Results : The results of this study showed that the isometric knee extension torque values were greater for the Taekwondo athletes compared with the non-athlete group at all hip-knee joint angle combinations (p<.05). When the hip joint was set at $80^{\circ}$, the peak isometric torque was greater for the Taekwondo athletes compared with the non-athlete group ($313.61{\pm}36.79Nm$ and $221.43{\pm}35.92Nm$, respectively; p<.05) but the estimated optimum knee joint angles were similar ($62.33{\pm}5.71^{\circ}$ and $62.30{\pm}4.67^{\circ}$ for the Taekwondo athletes and non-athlete group, respectively). When the hip joint was set at $0^{\circ}$, the peak isometric torque was greater for the Taekwondo athletes compared with the non-athlete group ($296.29{\pm}45.13Nm$ and $199.58{\pm}25.23Nm$, respectively; p<.05) and the estimated optimum knee joint angle was larger for the Taekwondo athletes compared with the non-athlete group ($78.47{\pm}5.14^{\circ}$ and $67.54{\pm}5.77^{\circ}$, respectively; p<.05). Conclusion : The results of this study suggests that, compared with non-athletes, Taekwondo athletes have stronger knee extensor strength at all hip-knee joint angle combinations as well as longer optimum muscle length, which might be optimized for the event-specific required performance through prolonged training period.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.577-583
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• 2016

Small-sized persimmons produced by high crop load are better accepted in the export markets. However, maintaining high crop load frequently results in weakness of tree vigor, deterioration of fruit quality, and increase of the risks for alternate bearing. This experiment was conducted to determine the combined effects of fertilization rate and leaf-fruit (L/F) ratio on container-grown 3-year-old 'Fuyu' persimmon trees. Application of 3.6-g N, 2.1-g $P_2O_5$, 2.7-g $K_2O$, 2.7-g CaO, and 0.6-g MgO was for the control fertilization rate (CF) and that of a 3-fold CF was for the high fertilization rate (HF). Commercial fertilizers were surface-applied to a container on July 6, July 17, and August 10 in three equal aliquots. Single tree for each fertilization rate was assigned for 12 L/F ratios (5, 6.3, 7.7, 9, 10.4, 13, 15.5, 18, 21, 24, 27, and 33) mostly by fruit thinning or rarely by defoliation on July 1. HF did not affect the yield, weight and soluble solids of the fruits but decreased skin color. As L/F ratio increased, yield decreased but average weight, skin color, and soluble solids of fruits increased. With HF, N and K concentrations in leaves, fruits, and shoots increased to some extent but soluble sugars in dormant shoots decreased. Many shoots were cold-injured with low L/F ratio especially at the HF. HF did not increase number of flower buds the next spring either on a shoot or on a tree basis but increased shoot length, compared with the CF. Increasing L/F ratio markedly increased number of flower buds and shoot growth the following year at both fertilization rates. Therefore, an appropriate combination of fertilization rate and L/F ratio should be necessary to maintain stable fruit production and tree vigor at high crop load.

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국독성학회 2002년도 Molecular and Cellular Response to Toxic Substances
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• pp.14-40
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• 2002

15-Deoxy- Δ$\^$12,14/-prostaglandin J$_2$ (15-deoxy-PGJ$_2$), a naturally occurring ligand activates the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-${\gamma}$ (PPAR-${\gamma}$). Activation of PPAR-y has been found to induce cell differentiation such as adipose cell and macrophage. Here it was investigated whether 15-deoxy-PGJ$_2$ has neuronal cell differentiation and possible underlying molecular mechanisms. Dopaminergic differentiating PC 12 cells treated with 15-deoxy-PGJ$_2$ (0.2 to 1.6 ${\mu}$M) alone showed measurable neurite extension and expression of neurofilament, markers of cell differentiation. However much greater extent of neurite extension and expression of neurofilament was observed in the presence of NGF (50 ng/$m\ell$). In parallel with its increasing effect on the neurite extension and expression of neurofilament, 15-deoxy-PGJ$_2$ enhanced NGF-induced p38 MAP kinase expression and its phosphorylation in addition to the activation of transcription factor AP-1 in a dose dependent manner. Moreover, pretreatment of SD 203580, a specific inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase inhibited the promoting effect of 15-deoxy-PGJ$_2$ (0.8 ${\mu}$M) on NGF-induced neurite extension. This inhibition correlated well with the ability of SB203580 to inhibit the enhancing effect of 15-deoxy-PGJ$_2$ on the expression of p38 MAP kinase and activation of AP-1. The promoting ability of 15-deoxy-PGJ$_2$ did not occur through PPAR-${\gamma}$, as synthetic PPAR-${\gamma}$ agonist and antagonist did not change the neurite promoting effect of 15-deoxy-PGJ$_2$. In addition, contrast to other cells (embryonic midbrain and SK-N-MC cells), PPAR-${\gamma}$ was not expressed in PC-12 cells. Other structure related prostaglandins, PGD$_2$ and PGE$_2$ acting via a cell surface G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) did not increase basal or NGF-induced neurite extension. Moreover, GPCR (EP and DP receptor) antagonists did not alter the promoting effect of 15-deoxy-PGJ$_2$ on neurite extension and activation of p38 MAP kinase, suggesting that the promoting effect of 15-deoxy-PGJ$_2$ may not be mediated GPCR. These data demonstrate that activation of p38 MAP kinase in conjunction with AP-1 signal pathway may be important in the promoting activity of 15-deoxy-PGJ$_2$ on the differentiation of PC12 cells.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2019

버들송이버섯을 봉지재배할 경우 비닐봉지(PE)에 포플러톱밥:미강:밀기울:건비지를 70:10:10:10 (v/v) 비율로 제조하여 1 kg씩 입봉하고 종균을 배지의 2%씩 접종 후 배양실 온도를 $25^{\circ}C$로 하여 배양하고 배양이 완료되면 최초 접종부위의 배지표면 높이까지 상부 비닐을 절개하여 재배를 하였다. 절개된 배지를 생육실에 입상하고 습도 99%, $CO_2$ 1,000 ppm, 1000 lx 조건에서 3일간 발이 유도 후 습도 95%, 온도 생육온도 $21^{\circ}C$ 조건으로 생육환경을 조절하면 봉지의 뚜껑을 제거한 처리구에 비해 대의 휘어짐은 적어지고 봉지 당 유효경수는 140% 증가한 28.8개, 봉지 당 수량은 29.5% 증가한 148.5 g을 수확 할 수 있다.