• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.109-116
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• 2021

In this paper, we considered that recently 3D game characters have been almost alike realistic expression because of a great mathematical computation and efficient techniques on GPU hardware. We presented the rendering technique and analysis for 3D game characters to simulate and render mathematical approach model from recent researches to perform the game engine for the surface reflection of lighting model. We compare our approach with the existing variant rendering techniques here using Open GL shader language on game engine. The experimental result will be provided the view-dependent visual appearance of variant and effective modeling characters for realistic expression using existing methods on the GPU for effective simulations and rendering process. Since there are many operations that are used redundantly while performing mathematical operations, the necessary functions and requirements have been to compute in advance.

• 전기의세계
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.46-52
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• 1974

Generally, it has been regarded that there are two kinds of the effect of the electrodes, especially of the cathode in the gas discharge, (a) the effect caused by the difference of the cathode meterial and (b) the effect by the change of the cathode surface state even in the same meterials. Thus the two effects must be investigated independently to study the roles of the cathode in gas discharges. This paper measured sparking voltage in Rare gas (Ar, He) for the change of sparking voltage in repeating sparks and for the effect of (a) and (b) mentioned above, under the condition that the desorption of impurities from the cathod can be nigligible, and it is obtained that the correlative relations of the work function, sparking voltage and secondary coefficient are comparatively simple. In addition, the interesting character of the minimum point of the paschen's curves is found. The results were as follows; 1) The value of (pd)min with minimum pint of sparking voltage, (Vs)min, is 0.7-0.9 Torr. cm in Argon, but is 5.6-7.1 Torr. cm in Helium, and Paschen's curve in Helium shows slow curve than in Argon. 2) The minimum point of the Paschen's curve is satisfied actually Townsend's self sustaining criterion in Argon, but non-satisfaction in Helium, and the Townsend's secondary coefficient .gamma. action have compound property (.gamma.$_{i}$, .gamma.$_{p}$, .gamma.$_{m}$) in Helium. 3) The dependenting character of work function in Helium is less than in Argon. 4) The minimum point of sparking voltage increase under oxidized electrode than clear electrode in Au and Ag, but minimum point decrease in Ni and Cu.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.193-200
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• 2007

Pollen grains of seven taxa on the family Pyrolaceae, known to be distributed in Korea (Pyrola dahurica(Andreses) Kom., P. incarnata (DC.) Fisch. ex Kom., P. japonica Klenze ex Alefeld, P. minor L., P. renifolia Max., Orthilia secunda (L.) House, Chimaphila japonica Miq.), were examined by the light and the scanning electron microscope in order to evaluate their taxonomic significances. The pollen units of genus Pyrola, Orthilia, Chimaphila were tetrad, monad, polyad respectively. This characteristics was good character for delimiting the genus, and Orthilia secunda (L.) House was more proper scientific name than Pyrola secunda L. based upon this character. Pollen size, tricolporate length, surface sculpturing pattern were different slightly among the treated taxa, and surface sculpturing patterns of Pyrola dahurica, P. incarnate, P. renifolia, Chimaphiza japonica were different from previous reports. Evolutionary trends of pollen grains in Pyrolaceae were inferred from the pollen units and aperture shapes.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.65-80
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• 2010

The purpose of this paper is to investigate into the meaning of the New Brutalism sensed in the late church buildings of the Swedish architect Sigurd Lewerentz (1885-1975). St Mark's (1956-64) and St Peter's (1962-66) churches, his grand finale designs, have a unique architectural vocabulary of rough brickwork. The brick treatment is the basis on which Reyner Banham (1966) discussed him concerning the New Brutalism, and the point that this research focuses on. This paper explores the brutalist character of the buildings from two aspects - interpretational level of individual buildings and historical level of a broader view. First, the character of two churches could be interpreted with the phrase of 'play between brutality and sacredness'. The rough surface of brick and mortar in the buildings symbolises brutality and the vault of their chapels' ceiling sacredness. And the two characteristics meet and play on the rough vault surface. Second, in the historical point of view, this paper argues that the buildings made a giant leap for Swedish modern architecture, which had been at a deadlock owing to the compromising attitude of the New Empiricism since 1940s. And the Swedish New Empiricism (or the New Humanism), spread to Britain as "Welfare State architecture" after World War II, brought about reaction of the young British architects such as the Smithsons and became the background that made the new brutalist mood. However, considering that the term of the New Brutalism was first used in Sweden by Hans Asplund, Lewerentz's brutalist late churches - which seemingly had nothing to do with the British nor the Corbusian lineage - are also meaningful in that they confirmed the tendency in its homeland. In conclusion, this paper argues that St Mark's and St Peter's churches with the brutalist characteristics should be regarded as crucial buildings not only in Lewerentz's personal career but also in Swedish and international architectural history.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.6-9
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• 2021

Heterostructures fabricated by various combinations of van der Waals (vdW) materials enable us to investigate disorder-free physical properties and realize novel functional devices. Superconducting vdW junctions have attracted a lot of attention because of its simple structure without a barrier layer. In superconducting vdW junction, without extra fabrication effort, a natural barrier can be formed, whose character is sensitive to distance and angle of lattice between two superconducting vdW materials. Using high-quality single crystals and the dry transfer technique, we fabricated the vertically stacked NbSe₂/NbSe₂ and FeSe/FeSe vdW junctions and investigated their Josephson junction properties. We found that in the FeSe junctions, Josephson coupling is extremely sensitive to the fabrication conditions, in contrast to the NbSe₂ junctions. We attributed this distinct character of the FeSe junctions to surface instability and small Fermi surface of FeSe.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.95-100
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• 2007

In the steel & iron processing line, some characters are marked for the material management in the surface of material. This paper describes about the developed results of vision system for the recognition of material management characters, which was included in the slab image. Our vision system for the character recognition includes that CCD camera system which acquire slab image, optical transmission system which transmit captured image to the long distance, input and output system for the interface with existing system and monitoring system for the checking of recognition results. We have installed our vision system at the continuous casting line and tested. Also, we have performed inspection of durability, reliability and recognition rate. Through the testing, we have confirmed that our system have high recognition rate, 97.4%.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.7-16
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• 2017

The 3D game graphic technology has become an important factor in the contents field with the game contents development. In particular, game character technology provides a realistic technique and visual pleasure, as well as an intermediate step in the immersion of the game in which the game might create an optical illusion that enables the player to enjoy heroic adventure in the game. The high expression level of characters in 3D games is a key factor in the development process, with details and carefulness of the character setting work [3]. In this paper, we propose a character representative technique applied to mobile games using mathematical model of radiosity energy, spectral radiance model, and ray tracing model method using 3D unity game engine with sensible AI algorithm for game implementation. As a practical application to the game contents, it was found that the projection of the surface in the rendering process and the game simulation might change according to the lighting condition of the game content environment, so that the high quality of game characters was simulated.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.29-35
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• 2011

Safety and health related information for the proper use and handling of pesticides is usually printed on the surface of the pesticide products (bottle type or bag type) in the form of texts. But, the guidelines or standards for the appropriate presentation of the texts for the pesticide products are most vague or not practical. Thus, this study aimed to provide the preliminary guidelines for the text sizes based on the legibility experiments. Total twenty subjects from two age groups (young: n=10, old: n=10, five males and five females in each group) participated in the experiment. First, subjects read the text cards presented in the distance of 50cm from the eyes of the subjects. Eight different text card sets were prepared for different font type(thick gothic-type and fine gothic-type), thickness of font(plain and bold), and number of syllables (2 and 3 syllables). When subjects read the cards, the correctness of reading (correct or wrong) was recorded and the degree of discomfort (from 1: no discomfort at all to 4: can't read at all) was also evaluated for all the text sizes. Results showed that the character size should be 4 pt or larger for the young subjects to read at least one word correctly in all the text conditions. For the old subjects to read at least one word correctly, the character size should be five pt or larder. The average of the minimum character sizes for 100% correct answer is 6.1 pt for young subjects and 10.5 pt for old subjects, respectively.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.2342-2348
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• 1971

In concrete, the mater over aggregate is ever demanding each year in paralled with rapid development of Construction works from a couple of years ago. Want of most of them which is river gravel among aggregate has made us uneasy to get good gravel in quality. So far, we have counted on gravel, however, the time to turn the use of normal concrete into that of crushed concrete is closing at hand, I think. According to the results of study by Kaplan, Zeitman, Murdock, Hanada, Yamamodo, the shape of aggregate particle have a great effect on workability of concrete, as we know, is well known to the world. Crushed stone, particularly, is inconvenient to handle on account of jagged, angled particle form and rugged surface structure, give rise to inpediments in works, its unit water stands at about $15-20kg/m^3$, and w/c shows the increasing rate of approximately 5-10%, but it is unsuitable to use in terms of regidity. In order to research all of these, I have experimentalized and reviewed the physical character of aggregate and the regidity of concrete, in addition, its relative ratio of the elastic disposition as to gravel and crushed stone.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.33
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• pp.19-26
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• 2002

This study analyzed the characteristics of spatial expression in the Barcelona Pavilion to be based on tectonics. Mies pointed out the image of materiality about the material rather than the process of tectonics using the material, and he also expressed demateriality in the image of each material through the reflection. To be liberated from structural matters, the wall has been introduced. He intended to show the design plan as the independent structural system, however, the wall actually seems to be supporting the roof that shows rather clearly self-contradictory because of the expression of materiality in the material. In terms of architectural elements; wall, roof, column, floor, and so forth, tectonic expression and abstract aesthetics stands face to face, because of hiding the productional process and transforming to line and surface in the image of materiality. The interior of the glass wall seems fairly closed space from the exterior, because materiality and reflection of materials of columns and podium. The character of experiential space is inconsistent and fragmentary because of the splendid images from maternality and reflection on the wall, and collision with the reality and the image the wall reflects, even though the geometrical space of the Pavilion's plan has the mutual penetrability and organic character.