• 재활복지
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.115-139
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the awareness and demands from assistive technology professionals on the service and propose practical methods for AAC service. This study selected subjects who are experts working in 10 assistive technology centers and survey was conducted among 69 assistive technology professionals. Results from this study are presented as follows. First, many assistive technology professionals learned AAC through school course. Second, there was a significant difference in the presence of using AAC experience regarding their general awareness of the understanding and interests on AAC. Third, many responders said that it is significant to provide AAC information and extend supports for AAC users and providers. They added that demands of AAC will grow in the future and engineering-based ACC instruments will take up the most market. This study will enable AAC service to offer basic data to establish more efficient supportive direction for AAC users and providers of the assistive technology center.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.1-16
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• 2017

Objective : The study was for researching the activation methods about Korean overall medical crops business from 2010 to 2016. In addition, it was to be given to examining complement points and improving methods to the changeable domestic market of medical crops caused by a considerable export-import amount of them. Methods : By examining and analyzing data for the trend of medical crops production and their export-import trend from 2010 to 2015, I found it valuable to use it as the basic resources for researching the urgent problem of medical crops' business and its improvement. Results : 1. As surveying the trend of the domestic medical crops over the recent six years, I found that the export amount of them has drastically decreased, while the import amount has increased. And so, the prices of the domestic medical crops and their production are unstable. 2. By developing standardized medical crops which a trading counterpart country could prefer, we have to promote the export competitiveness. 3. We should reinforce an origin mark and geographical mark practice for domestic herbal materials and expand GMP. 4. We should prepare a standardization of herbal medicines by setting up an independent governmental department. Conclusion : 1. The government should present an appropriate supply-demand amount of the medical crops depending on the domestic needs and the export-import transactions. 2. There should be an institutional supportive system which is able to guarantee stable incomes of farmers through contract cultivation. 3. We should develop high value standardized medical crops.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.269-278
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• 2022

Purpose: This study analyzed the retention factors of Korean community health practitioners who sustained over 20 years based on a multi-dimensional framework. This study suggests global implications for nurses working in rural or remote areas, even during a worldwide pandemic. Methods: The participants were 16 Korean community health practitioners who worked in rural or remote locations for over 20 years. This study identified nurses' key retention factors contributing to long service in rural and remote areas. This is a qualitative study based on the narrative method and analysis was conducted using grounded theory. A semi-structured questionnaire was conducted based on the following: the life flow of the participants' first experience, episodes during the work experience, and reflections on the past 20 years. Results: First, personal 'financial needs' and 'callings' were motivation-related causal conditions. The adaptation of environment-work-community was the contextual condition leading to intervening conditions, building coping strategies by encountering a lifetime crisis. The consequences of 'transition' and 'maturation' naturally occurred with chronological changes. The unique factors were related to the 'external changes' in the Korean primary health system, which improved the participants' social status and welfare. Conclusion: Considering multi-dimensional retention factors was critical, including chronological (i.e., historical changes) and external factors (i.e., healthcare systems), to be supportive synchronously for rural nurses. Without this, the individuals working in the rural areas could be victimized by insecurity and self-commitment. Furthermore, considering the global pandemic, the retention of nurses is crucial to prevent the severity of isolation in rural and remote areas.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.22-39
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• 1997

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of rehabilitation education on the reduction of the stress of family members who have patients suffering from stroke and to find a new way to nurse the patients and their family. Subjects & Methods: The subjects were sixty-one family members with the patients who had been hospotalized in K hospital of oriental medicine from september the 9th, 1996 to september the fourteen, 1996. This study was performed by simulated control group pretest-posttest design; pretest was done on the control group through a questionnaire, counselling and observation while posttest was done on the experimental group 1-2 days after systemic rehabilitation education. To teach the patients and their family, the amended version of a book written by Lee Hae-jin was used as a tool for systemic rehabilitation education. As a method to estimate ADL score, modified Kang's method was applied and ADL score was measured by well-trained technician. As for the tool to estimate the degree of family stress, Choi's method adjusted to this study was applied. In the analysis of the data, social property of the patient and the characteristic of the disease were surveyed in $X^2$ examination to confirm the consistency between the experimental group and the control group. The diffrence in the degree of the stress, which is a dependent factor, was examined by t-test. The difference in ADL score between the experimental group and the control group was examined by t-test. The difference in the degree of the stress according to the general feature of the family with stroke patient, social property of the patients and the characteristic of the disease were surveyed by F examination. The difference in family stress according to the degree of ADL was surveyed by F examination. RESULTS: 1. After hypothetically-examined systemic rehabilitation education, the total of the score of family stress surveyed in 34 items of three domains was compared between the experimental group and the control group. There was no statistically significant difference between two groups; mean score of experimental group=2.28, that of control group=2.93(t=.17, df=59, p=. 66). 2. In the survey on family stress in 34 items, the items over mean score 3.0 were firstly the anxiety of possible disability and relapse of the disease and secondly to watch the patient's suffering without doing anything in the domain of the change of the disease and the difficulty in caring. And the items of the lowest stress with less than mean 2.0 score were little chance to meet the relative and friends, inconsistent treatment and attitude of the medical workers and the change of the attitude of the relative due to the patient orderly in the domain of social and personal relation and the responsibility as the family. The items which showed the difference between two groups were aggravation of neighboring patient(t=3.36, df= 59, p=.001) and the possibility of patient's death(t=2.19, df=58.38, p=.033) in the domain of the change of the disease and the difficulty in caring. 3. In the study on the stress difference according to general features of the family with the stroke patient, the score of family stress with the occupation was higher with mean 2.49 than that of the family stress without occupation with mean 2.16, but there was no significant difference. (F=5.21, df=1/59, p=.026). 4. In the study on the stress difference according to social property of the patient and the characteristic of the disease, there was significant difference in the age of the patients (F=2.98, df=3/57, p=.039). These results show that even if there is no statistically significant difference between two groups, sixteen of the experimental group are less than 3.0 in ADL score(standard 6 score)while eight of the control group are less than 3.0 and that ten of the experimental group are in the year range of 39-49 while four of the control group are in the year range of 39-49 which showed significant difference in family stress. These imply that there is a possibility that the experimental group have serious and fundamental stress resulting in high pretest stress compared with the control group. It might be due to the characteristic of simulated control group pretest-posttest design that the psychologic-supportive effect by the education was not observed. On the basis of these results, the followings are suggested. 1) A study on the nursing-mediated method to reduce the stress in the items which are not resolved by rehabilitation education, a study on nursing according to the patient's age and a study on the supportive nursing toward the family with occupation are required. 2) More than two times consecutive nursing-mediated rehabilitation education to measure the family stress is required. 3) Comprehensive and multilateral systemic education program including the instruction on western-eastern medicine, physical therapy, exercise and diet through collaboration of the experts in each field is required. 4) Family stress at home as well as in the hospital needs to be estimated and home rehabilitation and home-nursing needs to be continued.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.117-136
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• 1994

Contemporary global space economy is so dynamic that any one specific structural force can not explain the whole dynamic processes or trajectories of spatial industrial development. The major purpose of this paper is extending the traditional notion of industrial districts to functioning and development of new industrial districts with relation to the development of high technology industries. Several dynamic forces, which are dominated in new industrial districts in the modern space economy, are incorporated in the formation and dynamic aspects of new industrial districts. Even though key forces governing Marshallian industrial district are localization of small firms, division of labor between firms, constructive cooperation, and industrial atmosphere, Marshall points out a possibility of growing importance of large firms and non-local networks in the districts with changes of external environments. Some of Italian industrial districts can be regarded as Marshallian industrial districts in broader context, but the role of local authorities or institutions and local embeddedness seem to be more important in the Italian industrial districts. More critical implication form the review of Marshallian industrial districts and Italian industrial districts is that the industrial districts are not a static concept but a dynamic one: small firm based industrial districts can be regarded as only a specific feature evolved over time. Dynamic aspects of new industrial districts are resulting from coexistence of contrasting forces governing the functioning and formation of the districts in contemporary global space economy. The contrasting forces governing new industrial districts are coexistence of flexible and mass production systems, local and global networks, local and non-local embeddedness, and small and large firms. Because of these coexistence of contrasting forces, there are various types of new industrial districts. Nine types of industrial districts are identified based on local/non-local networks and intensity of networks in both suppliers and customers linkages. The different types of new industrial districts are described by differences in production systems, embeddedness, governance, cooperation and competition, and institutional factors. Out of nine types of industrial districts, four types - Marshallian; suppliers hub and spoke; customers hub and spoke; and satellite - are regarded as distinctive new industrial districts and four additional types - advanced hub and spoke types (suppliers and customers) and mature satellites (suppliers and customers) - can be evolved from the distinctive types and may be regarded as hybrid types. The last one - pioneering high technology industrial district - can be developed from the advanced hub and spoke types and this type is a most advanced modern industrial district in the era of globalization and high technology. The dynamic aspects of the districts are related with the coexistence of the contrasting forces in the contemporary global space economy. However, the development trajectory is not a natural one and not all the industrial districts can develop to the other hybrid types. Traditionally, localization of industries was developed by historical chances. In the process of high technology industrial development in contemporary global space economy, however, policy and strategies are critical for the formation and evolution of new industrial districts. It needs formation of supportive tissues of institutions for evolution of dyamic pattern of high technology related new industrial districts. Some of the original distinctive types of new industrial districts can not follow the path or trajectory suggested in this paper and may be declined without advancing, if there is no formation of supportive social structure or policy. Provision of information infrastructure and diffusion of an entrepreneurship through the positive supports of local government, public institutions, universities, trade associations and industry associations are important for the evolution of the dynamic new industrial districts. Reduction of sunk costs through the supports for training and retraining of skilled labor, the formation of flexible labor markets, and the establishment of cheap and available telecommunication networks is also regarded as a significant strategies for dynamic progress of new industrial districts in the era of high technology industrial development. In addition, development of intensive international networks in production, technology and information is important policy issue for formation and evolution of the new industrial districts which are related with high technology industrial development.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.20-46
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• 2017

The purposes of this study are to derive supportive measures for the effective operation of vocational education and training high schools participating in the apprenticeship system (apprenticeship schools) and make policy suggestions by analyzing the need analysis and investigating the importance and the difficulty of teachers regarding the operation of those schools. To achieve these purposes, the study developed a questionnaire by deriving the areas and items for the operation of apprenticeship schools, and analyzed 121 completed questionnaires of head and senior teachers who manage the apprenticeship programs across the nation after conducting a survey. The findings of this study can be summarized as follows: First, the teachers of apprenticeship schools found all the operation areas of the schools are important but difficult. Out of the operation areas, teachers had relatively high needs for 'promotion, selection and management of enterprises', 'student management', 'development of apprenticeship programs, formation of the curriculum, and establishment of operation plans of the curriculum'. Second, the teachers found all the detailed items of the operation areas of apprenticeship schools are important but difficult generally. According to the results, it is required to relax the criteria for forming apprenticeship organizations; operate the local government-oriented apprenticeship system; establish information systems between schools and enterprises; improve the support methods of relevant agencies; and increase incentives of teachers who are in charge of apprenticeship programs. It is also necessary to operate exclusive agencies supporting for OJT; operate apprenticeship education centers of local small and medium-sized business associations; provide exclusive supervision of students; cultivate teachers who support industry-academia cooperation; and legislate on the NCS-based qualifications.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.98-120
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• 2007

This study analyzed the linkage relations of technological innovation between Daedeok Innopolis and other seven innovative clusters in industrial complexes which have played important roles as innovative centers in Korea. To begin with, we selected major technologies of Daedeok Innopolis for which the linkage with other clusters of innovative activities was analyzed quantitatively and graphically with association matrices, network analysis and dendrogram. Based on this network analysis, we analyzed the technological linkage among clusters and found the direction and strength of technological cooperation of the Daedeok Innopolis with other innovative clusters by technology field. This study analyzed the technological network between the Daedeok Innopolis and other clusters on 6 technology fields in which Daedeok has innovative capabilities. In the analysis was measured the centrality of Daedeok compared with that of other clusters in areas where Daedeok is relatively active in innovative activities. As a result, Daedeok showed the highest centrality with the active innovative activities. Except Daedeok, Banwol-Sihwa cluster showed the highest centrality in all of the 6 technology fields. Putting all the centrality of each innovative cluster and the linkage relations of Daedeok Innopolis together, it need to consider the following policy directions to strengthen the innovative linkage with other clusters. In Daedeok's main technology areas, it needs to increase the regional linkage with the clusters with relatively high centrality and relatively low linkage with Daedeok. For Changwon, Wonju and Gunsan with which Daedeok has the relatively low innovative linkage, it need to examine a new policy to improve the linkage with technologies related with the industry other clusters are nurturing. When Daedeok formulates a plan to cooperate with other clusters, it does not only have to consider the linkage relations of technological innovation analyzed in this study and but also has to examine the cooperative strategies from the comprehensive point of view considering every aspect of their strategic industries, supportive policies, industrial base and competitiveness. This study analyzed the linkage relations between regions based on the network analysis of patents only by co-invention. Consequently, it did not examine the factors inducing the co-invention, which is a limitation of the study and is to be investigated in the future. Also, the exploratory analysis on determinants of linkage intensity and the strategies to get synergy effects through solidified linkage will be the issues of further study.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.144-155
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• 2014

The industrial areas including large industrial complexes formed by the process of the growth-oriented industrialization in the past have been attributed to worsening the urban competitiveness of cities due to their infrastructure shortages and aging. Government-led regeneration projects for old industrial complexes have been implemented on a trial basis, but there is a problem with applying a uniform regeneration planning to all the regional industrial complexes with different circumstances and physical environments. In this context, this study diagnosed the social conditions and physical characteristics of the Sasang industrial area in the city of Busan formed by private-led projects in the past and then tried to suggest its regeneration directions. The study area was characterized as its weakening industrial function, infrastructure shortage, and increasing development pressure. Based on these regional characteristics, the regeneration directions were suggested. In the planning phase, pubic-led infrastructure expansion is first needed and urban renewal needs to be applied to some areas designated as priority maintenance areas. In the implementation phase, stepwise projects are required in the medium to long term and it is important to build upon the consensus with private companies through establishing collaborative governance.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.181-199
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• 1998

This study was designed to examine Home Nursing Care in Hospital-based and Community-based programs. This study investigates actual conditions of nursing needs and demands of clients and their family and the state of home nursing services. We hope that this study will improve upon the current home nursing care system. In Korea Home-Nursing Care programs are still developing and only now becoming a part of the health care delivery system. The data was collected by a questionaire the clients developed and modified through literature review by this writer and through 10 nurses who are members of 4 hospital and 3 community- based agencies. In this study 173 clients were selected. The study lasted from Oct. 1997 to March of 1998. The results show that the average age was 64.3, years older than most women clients (63.0%), the average age of a caregiver was 50.9 years old and most were female(77%). Two types of agency clients with a significant difference between social conditions [25.7%] used some form of insurance; 54.3% had the spouse pay expenses; pay 58.5% son and daughters of Hospital-based agencies: patients of social workers were 24.0%, the highest in the community agency. The condition of patients was 63.2% of the foley and nelaton catheter insertion at hospital based agencies. The range of nursing services offered is one of the highest among the 34 kinds of servies including nasogastric tube management basic nursing, ROM exercise, bladder irrigation, wound and sore dressing. For an effective care service factors that disturb each program such as a non-cooperatative family as well as patients themselves need to be lessened. Further more, the following must be emphasized, supportive counsel 27.0%, steady care for patient, 13.3%maintain a sense of security(11.7%), dressing sores and nutrition(10.0%). Although there were a large number of home nursing care services in the community, policy changes have gathered momentum. Fortunately, the scope and level at legal support will be increased in the future. The program should intergrate and link the district or community together. A project to develop a community based home nursing system as soon as possible should be developed. In conclusion, home nursing care nurses training curriculum should be strengthened.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.265-291
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• 2011

Changes in a drug's availability from prescription only to over-the-counter (OTC) status is of concern to physicians from both public health and individual patient perspectives. Government has generally been supportive of changes in medications from prescription(Rx) to over-the-counter (OTC) status in Korea, however, recognizing that there are both benefits and risks to any health care intervention, health care professionals are conservative in implementing changes to either the process or structure of health care. Changes in status of a drug from Rx to OTC can represent a change in both structure and process. Cost and convenience seem to be major factors in determining whether, given the choice, patients purchase a medicine over the counter or obtain it on prescription. With current arrangements, exemption from prescription charges provides an incentive to continue to obtain products on NHS prescription even when they are available over the counter. There is therefore no simple relation between the availability of over the counter medicines and the level of prescribing of deregulated products. The appropriate use of over the counter medicines-particularly those that have only recently been deregulated-places a burden of care on community pharmacists and calls for closer working relationships with general practitioners. In particular, systems for referral and for recording details of both prescribed and over the counter medicines need to be developed, and a direct route needs to be established for community pharmacists to report adverse drug reactions to over the counter products. Reclassification of prescription medicines-by making them available through pharmacies without a prescription-provides the opportunity for consumers to purchase a wider range of medicinal products without making a demand on NHS resources. There is, however, no simple relation between availability of over the counter medicines and demand for NHS prescriptions. In the late 1980s the UK government fuelled the over the counter market by making it easier to reclassify certain medicines from prescription only status to allow over the counter sale in pharmacies. To explore the influence of deregulation of medicines on NHS prescribing, this article presents analyses of consumer behaviour in using medicines and prescribers' attitudes to over the counter medication and collates findings from research. Policy makers should be aware that patients' expectations in relation to OTC medicines may be in conflict with evidence-based practice.