• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.195-211
• /
• 2021

This paper measures the economic impacts of the U.S. port investment strategies coping with the Panama Canal expansion. Using secondary import data, negative and positive estimates of the impacts were presented in this study. Reduced port activities into the West Coast Customs Districts negatively affect transportation and warehousing industries, among other effects. Still, they have simultaneous positive effects in other states from increased imports resulting from modal shifts and changes in the entry port located in the South and East coasts. This study applied the supply-driven National Interstate Economic Model that measures all interstate trade among the U.S. states to divert foreign imports from 15 Pacific Rim countries. For this purpose, the following assumption was adopted: larger ships using the canal will lead to a redirection of seaborne trade among U.S. (and other) ports and result in secondary effects, e.g., using different freight modes and regional growth spillovers. This study also accounted for the entry point change and significant port investments for foreign trade under alternative scenarios. The choice of ports for international trade depends on decisions about how to minimize multimodal delivery costs. The total direct reduction of transportation and warehousing activities associated with foreign imports in the West Coast ports was estimated at $3.3 billion, leading to total negative effects of $5.8 billion. Total positive impacts from the shift of transportation modes with the choice of an entry port and new warehousing activities for foreign imports in the selected 12 states varied. As expected, states that involved an entry port had the most prominent benefits, but Texas, New York, and New Jersey may be benefited through all the port enhancement projects in the U.S. Also, except for Transportation and Postal, and Warehousing industries, Construction is another dominant positive affected industry of the Canal expansion in the U.S.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.309-315
• /
• 2014

Summer cabbages in an alpine area are very sensitive to the fluctuations in supply and demand. Yield variability due to weather conditions dictates the market fluctuations of cabbage price. This study reports an empirical relationship based on weather conditions to estimate the growth and harvestable biomass of cabbages, factors that are critical for supply of summer cabbages. Based on experimental results testing sowing date effects over the two years from 1997 to 1998, a logistic equation was parameterized to predict leaf area expansion of summer cabbages. This logistic model for leaf area expansion was then combined with an empirical allometric relationship to predict total biomass. The final equation for estimating fresh weight accumulation of Chinese cabbage is given by: $$Fresh\;weight=3500/(1+{\exp}(5.175-1.153{\times}(6/(1+{\exp}(6.367-0.0064{\times}PHU)))))$$ Where PHU is potential heat units ($^{\circ}C$). The model performance was tested using weather data from 2003 to 2006 to predict fresh harvestable biomass. Overall the model performance was satisfactory with the correlation efficient ranging between 0.89 and 0.94 for each year.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.31-50
• /
• 1992

The aim of this paper is to define major factors influencing land development of each of major uses (residential, commercial, industrial) in the process of rapid urban expansion. The main hypothesis of this study is that land use changing patterns are directed by supply side of land managed to public policies rather than demand side. The graphic analysis is applied to relationships between urban growth and land development process of each use and between land development project managed to public policies and land development process. Public and land development projects and zonning protection seem to be major roles of land supply and main determinants of urban spatial structure. Location factors for land development of each uses are selected in 23 variables. Factor analysis is applied to test correlation between variables in 1971 and 1981. Factor structure between two years is similar, but progressive processing of functional separation is derived such as intensive land use is grouped, different location between residential and industrial use is deep. Dependent variables are standardized to logarithm of land development of each use per unit vacant land in two periods, between 1971 and 1980 year and between 1981 year. Correlation analysis between 6 dependent variables and 23 location factors in each years are applied. Major factors of each use are selected in criteria such as high correlation with dependent variables, low correlation between independent variables and common application in two periods. As the result, major factors for residential land development are Land Readjustment Project (LRP), percent of total zoned area in residential zone, residential floor space density per available area, percent of total area in industrial use; for commercial development is distance to CBD, percent of total area in commercial use, residential floor space density per available area in each year, and volumn rate of industrial use; for industrial use is percent of total area of industrial use is percent of total area of industrial use, Industrial Estate Project (IES), LRP, and distance from CBD. Land development pattern of each use between two periods are slightly different. So 6 equation is derived from appling backward method of regession. Adjusted multiple R squares of all is more than 0.5 and those equation is statistically significant and valuable to assist urban land use forecasting.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.173-198
• /
• 2018

In this paper, we analyze the determinants of the adoption of industrial robots using the data from 42 countries, and thereby examine the factors underlying the rapid expansion of industrial robots in Korea. To this end, the industrial robot data for the years 2001-2016 were drawn from the World Robotics dataset of the International Federation of Robotics (IFR). The explanatory variables included labor market environment variables and innovation capacity variables extracted from the dataset of the relevant international organizations. For data analysis, the Arellano-Bond dynamic panel analysis was performed to control for the endogeneity problem of some explanatory variables. The empirical results confirmed the exceptionally rapid expansion of industrial robots in Korea as compared to other countries, even when considering the national income level, employment cost, and innovation capacity. This phenomenon could be attributed to both the demand-side and supply-side factors. For one thing, changes in the labor market environment, such as an increase in employment costs, have led to an increase of the corporate demand for industrial robots. For another, the supply-side factors, such as an increase in the capital intensity and innovation capacity of companies, have also contributed to the widespread adoption of industrial robots.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.64-76
• /
• 2019

Aged apartments lack parking space and are suffering from severe parking difficulties due to the increase in the supply of private cars due to the economic improvement. Efficient remodeling technology is required as a way to solve the problem of a shortage of parking spaces, but there is a lack of establishing a technology for remodeling plans that can reflect the characteristics of various parks. This study was conducted to analyze the functions of the parking lot expansion technology using the technology tree and to derive the final technology through the function deployment. As a result of functional deployment of the plan to expand the parking lot, the fifth function was deployed and a total of 22 technologies were derived. Four types of technologies are categorized, four technologies for underground expansion, 12 technologies for underground and ground expansion, two technologies for ground expansion, and four technologies for ground-based expansion. As a result of the functional deployment of the main entrance plan, the fifth function was deployed and derived with 22 technologies. The total technologies were grouped into four categories, four technologies for direct underground entry, 11 technologies for indirect underground entry, three technologies for direct access to ground, and four technologies for indirect entry to ground. Through case verification, the detailed technologies applied to the semi-industrial complex of remodeling were identified and expert surveys and interviews were conducted to verify the adequacy of the technology tree.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.121-129
• /
• 2019

We are based on the results of this study, the policy measures for improving the efficiency of supply & demand policy of public cremation facilities in six metropolitan cities in the whole nation could be suggested as follows. First, when the utilization rate of public cremation facilities by citizents out of the jurisdiction area was lower, the overall demand for cremation was high. Therefore, the supply & demand policy of public cremation facilities should be carried forward by preferentially focusing on Busan Metropolitan City(4.1%) and Daegu Metropolitan City(17.9%) with low utilization rate by citizens out of the jurisdiction area. Second, the utilization variance of public cremation facilities in the whole six metropolitan cities in the whole nation, was insignificant(1.4%). Therefore, for the efficiency of supply & demand policy of cremation facilities in those six metropolitan cities, the customized-policies considering the characteristics of each metropolitan city should be carried forward in priority. Third, on the basis of 2018, the population size of those six metropolitan cities in the whole nation is from minimum 1.15million to maximum 3.39million as a large city, and relatively, they are facing many difficulties in the expansion for supply & demand of cremation facilities. Therefore, for the smooth construction of cremation facilities, it would be necessary to enforce policies that could disperse the demand for cremation through the joint construction of cremation facilities with other local governments close to each metropolitan city.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.38 no.10
• /
• pp.865-871
• /
• 2014

This study was conducted with the aim of developing a venturi-type air supply system for a microbubble generator. In order to determine the influence of the varying geometry of the venturi tube on the flow characteristics, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was performed using the commercial CFD software ANSYS CFX-15. Furthermore, in order to elucidate the effects of variation in major design dimensions such as the air supply hole size, position of holes, and number of holes on the air supply characteristics, two-phase multiflow CFD analysis was performed. The analysis results showed that the starting point of expansion on the venturi tube with 0.75 is the best hole position and that the air supply hole size and the number of holes are linearly proportional to the amount of air.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.248-254
• /
• 2013

Purpose: This study was performed in order to obtain basic data for policy development and R&D to sharpen competitiveness in domestic agricultural machinery industry by analyzing the recent status of demand and supply for tractor, rice transplanter(riding type), and combine. Methods: Basic data from 199,275 units of tractor, rice transplanter (riding type), and combine was offered by the National Agricultural Cooperative Federation and Korea Agricultural Machinery Industry Cooperative. Those agricultural machines were supplied by the government's loan support from 2003 to 2012. Results: Recent supply of tractor is only 13,000 units or so per annum, thereby being stagnated. Rice transplanter and combine in 2012 corresponded to 3,810 units and 2,490 units, respectively. The domestic market share of the imported agricultural machinery accounted for 60.0% in tractor, 99.5% in saddle rice transplanter, and 80.9% in combine, thereby having been sharply increased 33.1%p, 42.0%p and 53.6%p compared to the ones in 2003. Life spans of tractor, combine and saddle rice transplanter are 3.7, 3.7 and 4.2 years, respectively. Among the discontinued models, the one less than 300 units supplied was occupied up to 70~85%. Conclusions: The domestic demand and the export expansion are needed through developing a model of agricultural machinery of having competitiveness to domestically activate agricultural machinery industry.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.51-58
• /
• 2010

In the modernization process of the city, urbanization raised a variety of social issues. Urbanization brought noticeable changes in dwelling patterns, such as drastic changes in the housing lifestyle, that revolved around the metropolitan areas of Seoul and Busan etc. before and after the expansion of economic growth. Especially in 1985, when 23.8% of the country's population was concentrated in Seoul, the imbalance of housing supply and demand caused a vast range of housing shortage. The shortage, that resulted from public sector mishandling of natural housing demand, lead to the occurrence of private sector rental housing. The occurrence of this abnormal rental housing supply, became a major cause of Korea's typical lease system called 'Co-dwelling', where the leaseholder and tenant physically lives in the same residence. The leaseholder and tenant's 'Co-dwelling' started from partial renting of traditional Korean-style housing and transformed with the transition of dwelling form and time. However, after 1985, legalization of multi-family housing, Korean rental housing started to be planned in the beginning of it's housing construction and to be produced as an independent space with separate circulation. Also in terms of facility, it changed from partial renting of a space within the residence to an assembly of small individual spaces. However, the background of this deep-rooted 'Co-dwelling' lease system, in different forms and periods of residence, is still based on the lack of public sector rental housing supply and private sector supply of rental space to utilize extra space, 'Jeonsei' payment.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.191-198
• /
• 2019

On the basis of 2017, the cremation rate in capital area was 89.0% which was much higher than the national average cremation rate(84.6%). Due to the short supply of cremation facilities in accordance with the increased number of cremation cases every year, the demand for cremation from the residents outside of the jurisdiction area with no cremation facilities was increased, so that the residents in the jurisdiction area had difficulties in using the Online Cremation Reservation Service in Funeral Information System. Thus, this study aims to make suggestions for policies as follows.First, on the basis of 2017, the demand-supply rate of cremation facilities in Gyeonggi-do was 139.4%, which means that the demand for cremation largely exceeds the ability to supply cremation. Therefore, first, in the level of Gyeonggi-do, the expanded supply of cremation facilities should be induced by carrying forward policies such as financial support to the basic local governments installing cremation facilities and expansion of incentives support to the residents of regions attracting cremation facilities. Second, it would be necessary for the central government to expansively conduct the support standard price and government subsidy rate(70%) for the new construction of cremation facilities and the establishment of cremation furnaces. Third, there should be some policies to decrease the inflow of residents outside of the jurisdiction area by raising the fee for using cremation facilities outside of the jurisdiction area of Seoul Metropolitan City and also expanding the application of a sliding scale of cremation hours.