• Resources Recycling
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.25-33
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• 2023

With the growth of the battery industry, a rapid increase in the production and usage of lithium-ion batteries is expected, and in line with this, much interest and effort is being paid to recycle waste batteries, including production scrap. Although much effort has been made to recycle cathode material, much attention has begun to recycle anode material to secure the supply chain of critical minerals and improve recycling rates. The proximate analysis that measures the content of coal can be used to analyze graphite in anode material, but it cannot accurately analyze due to the interaction between the components of the black mass. Therefore, in this study, thermogravimetric analysis of each component of black mass was measured as the temperature increased up to 950℃ in an oxygen atmosphere. As a result, in the case of cathode material, no change in mass was measured other than a mass reduction of about 5% due to oxidation of the binder and conductive material. In the case of anode material, except for a mass reduction of about 2% due to the binder, all mass reduction were due to the graphite(fixed carbon). In addition, metal conductors (Al, Cu) were oxidized and their mass increased as the temperature increased. Thermal analysis results of mixed samples of cathode/anode show similar results to the predictive values that can be calculated through each cathode and anode analysis results.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.1923-1931
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• 2014

A value creation is understood as important business strategy these days in both academics and industry. But this phenomenon is not fully understood based on systematized framework. In this paper, we summarized value research trend based on exploratory research and inductive reasoning by exploring both international and domestic journals. And we built a research framework that can analyze value creation between supplier and customer. Value research prior to 2004 is primarily divided into values of goods or services and relationship values. After 2004, service-dominant (SD) logic has been outlined. There are other research trends to see the relationship value in terms of relationship benefits and relationship in the network or supply chain. 4 critical resource types (financial resource, knowledge resource, efficiency resource, and intellectual resource) and 5 competence types (relational capability, collaboration capability, innovation capability, managing capability) are constructed as principal factors for value creation from inductive reasoning based upon a resource-based view (RBV) and a competence-based view (CBV). The research framework was built based on 4 resources and 4 competences.

• IE interfaces
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.52-63
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• 2012

Up-to-date enlargement of the scale of global outsourcing has brought about the need of systematic and efficient tools for competitive supplier discovery located in various areas. A web-based business supporting system, referred to as Excellent Manufacturer Scouting System(EMSS), is being developed to serve core business functions including supplier discovery, negotiation, and collaboration between overseas buyers and domestic suppliers throughout the process of supply chain formation. In this paper, a supplier assessment model devoted to evaluation of core manufacturing capability is proposed by targeting small and medium sized mold companies. The assessment model will eventually be loaded to EMSS. Even if many well-designed models for supplier assessment have been presented in literature, most of them limit the evaluation criteria to somewhat general information on a given supplier, such as cost, delivery time, quality, rather than core manufacturing capability itself. This research is pioneering work on supplier assessment from the viewpoint of manufacturability. The proposed assessment model classifies assessment indices into six criteria, which have been drawn by intensive survey and analysis of the mold industry. Actual assessment indices for each criterion are also presented along with an exemplary evaluation result.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.249-255
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• 2001

Methylmalonic acidemia is a rare congenital autosomal recessive metabolic disease. It is caused by blocking in the pathways of isoleucine, valine, threonine, methionine, cholesterol and odd-chain fatty acids to succinyl CoA, resulting in the increase of L-methylmalonyl CoA and methylmalonic acid. In most cases, there are symptoms such as recurrent vomitings, lethargy and laboratory abnormalities including metabolic acidosis and hyperammonemia from the neonatal period. We had a 6-month-old infant with methylmalonyl acidemia who presented with recurrent vomiting episodes since 3 months of age, failure to thrive and developmental delay. The laboratory findings showed hyperammoninemia and ketotic metabolic acidosis. Plasma amino acid analysis showed nonspecific finding. Urine organic acid ananysis by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry detected large amount of methylmalonic acid excreted in the urine. We restrained the supply of protein in the amount of 1~1.5 g/kg of body weight a day using leucine, isoleucine and valine-r-estrained milk and administered vitamine $B_{12}$, in the amount of 1mg per day. During the follow-up in the outpatient clinic, He could control his head and showed increased muscle strength.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.7 no.10
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• pp.867-873
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to find analytic solution of determining the optimal capacity (lot-size) of multiproduct acyclic multistage production and inventory system to meet the finished product demand under the constraint of finite intermediate storage. Intermediate storage is a practical way to mitigate the material flow imbalance through the line of supply and demand chain. However, the cost of constructing and operating storage facilities is becoming substantial because of increasing land value, environmental and safety concern. Therefore, reasonable decision-making about the capacity of processes and storage units is an important subject for industries. The industrial solution for this subject is to use the classical economic lot sizing method, EOQ/EPQ(Economic Order Quantity/Economic Production Quantity) model, incorporated with practical experience. But EOQ/EPQ model is not suitable for the chemical plant design with highly interlinked processes and storage units because it is developed based on single product and single stage. This study overcomes the limitation of the classical lot sizing method. The superstructure of the plant consists of the network of serially and/or parallelly interlinked non-continuous processes and storage units. The processes transform a set of feedstock materials into another set of products with constant conversion factors. A novel production and inventory analysis method, PSW(Periodic Square Wave) model, is applied to describe the detail material flows among equipments. The objective function of this study is minimizing the total cost composed of setup and inventory holding cost. The advantage of PSW model comes from the fact that the model provides a set of simple analytic solutions in spite of realistic description of the material flows between processes and storage units. the resulting simple analytic solution can greatly enhance the proper and quick investment decision for the preliminary plant design problem confronted with economic situation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.7-14
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• 2016

Unlike most researches that focus on single manufacturer or single buyer, this research studies the cooperation policy for two participants of supply chain such as single vendor and single buyer. Especially, this paper deals with single vendor-single buyer integrated-production inventory problem. If the buyer orders products, then the vendor will start to make products and then the products will be shipped from the vendor to the buyer many times. The buyer is supposed to order again when the buyer's inventory level hits reorder point during the last shipment and this cycle keeps repeated. The buyer uses continuous review inventory policy and customer's demand is assumed to be probabilistic. The contribution of this paper is to present a mixed approach and derive its cost function. The existing policy assumes that the size of shipping batch from single vendor to single buyer is increasing, called Type 1, or constant, called Type 2. In mixed approach, the size of shipping batch is increasing at the beginning part of the cycle, and then its size is constant at the ending part of the cycle. The number of shipping for Type 1 and Type 2 in a cycle in mixed approach is determined to minimize total cost. The relationship between parameters, for example, the holding cost per product, the set up cost per order, and the shortage cost per item and decision variables such as order quantity, safety factor, the number of shipments, and shipment increasing factor is figured out via sensitivity analysis. Finally, it is statistically proved that the mixed approach is superior to the existing approaches.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.329-347
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• 2008

This thesis aims to contribute to upgrading its position to the biggest 8 ports in Korea by suggesting activating schemes of Kunsan Port in rapidly changing shipping environments. The research methodologies such as literature survey, O/D analysis are adopted in the study. The following several conclusions can be suggested. Firstly, in port logistics system the dredging in navigational channels and in Kumgang Dam and the incentive schemes for the shipping companies and the international freight forwarders are required. Secondly cargo inducement schemes should be introduced to induce container cargoes originated in Junbook Do Province and adjacent area etc. Thirdly the development of new shipping routes and strengthening the coastal routes among domestic sea ports. Fouthly establishing supply chain management system with adjacent Chinese Provinces such as Shandong.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.409-416
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• 2015

Purpose: This study evaluates a new banana bulk packaging method under the real transport conditions of Sri Lanka. Methods: A field evaluation of optimized 8-mm thick Styrofoam sheets used as the cushioning material was applied. A trial transport was conducted from Thambuttegama to Colombo using a medium-sized open truck, with banana leaves as the control material. Data were recorded at the farmer, transporter, retailer, and consumer stages of the supply chain. Mechanical damage, physiological loss in weight, fruit firmness, total soluble solids, ripeness index, visual quality ratings, and the physical damage index of the bananas were measured at each stage. A cost-benefit analysis was also conducted for both packaging methods. Results: The 8-mm styrofoam sheets significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the mechanical damage from 26.3% to 12.9% compared to the conventional method for long-distance transport, and the physiological loss in weight showed a decrease of 2.88%. The loss of firmness of the fruits followed a simmilar pattern for both methods until reaching the retailer, but at the consumer was significantly higher (p < 0.05) for the control. However, the physical damage index at the retail stage for the control showed symptoms of physical injury, whereas the bananas transported using the cushioning materials exhibited only minor symptoms. Further, the visual quality of the fruits after transport from the farmer to the consumer was preserved, which is one of the main factors affecting consumer preference and retail price. The proposed method increases the profit margin by 51.2% for Embul bananas owing to the reduced postharvest losses. Conclusion: The 8-mm thick Styrofoam sheets reduced the physical damage to the bananas, with the quality parameters maintained at the prefered level. Moreover, profits may be increased.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.38A no.12
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• pp.1079-1085
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• 2013

Due to the limited power supply resources, it is essential that the minimization of algorithmic operation and the reduction of the hardware logical-resources in the design of the satellite transponder. It is also required that the transponder process the signals of various bandwidth efficiently, that is suitble for the SDR-based implementation. This paper proposes a variable rate down sampler which can provide variable bandwidth and data rate for carrier, ranging and sub-band command signals respectively. The proposed down sampler can provide multiple $2^M$ decimated outputs from a single half band filter with recursive arithmetic architecture, which can minimize the hardware resources as well as the arithmetic operations. The algorithm for hardware implementation as well as the analysis for the passband flatness and aliasing is presented and varified by the FPGA implementation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.86-96
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• 2015

This study conducted empirical analysis of the association between the factors of GSCM corporation practice and social responsibility affecting environmental performance and organizational performance. Smart PLS 2.0 and SPSS 18.0 were used to examine a sample of 93 replies collected from corporations that had adopted GSCM. The results of hypothesis testing were as follows. First, social responsibility has a positive effect on the environmental performance of corporation complying with legal responsibility in environment related sectors. Second, internal environmental management and market environment have positive effects on the environmental performance. Third, corporations with a high level of environmental performance have high degrees of organizational performance. The results of this study are expected to have practical implications to corporations that will adopt GSCM in the near future.