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Sugars, Soluble Solids, and Flavor of Sweet, Super Sweet, and Waxy Corns during Grain Filling

  • Lee, Suk-Soon;Yun, Sang-Hee;Kim, Jae-Hyeun
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.44 no.3
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    • pp.267-272
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    • 1999
  • In order to determine the optimum harvest time of vegetable corns, the changes in sugars, soluble solids, and flavor of kernels of sweet (cv. ‘Golden Cross Bantam 70’), super sweet (cv. ‘Cocktail E-51’), and waxy corns (cv. ‘Chalok 2’) were observed at different ripening stages. Sucrose was a major sugar in the sweet and super sweet corns and the content increased from 15 to 21 and 27 days after silking (DAS), respectively and then decreased. Glucose and fructose contents of sweet and super sweet corns tended to decrease with kernel maturity. Total sugar content of the sweet corn analyzed by the anthrone method increased rapidly from 15 to 21 DAS, while that of the super sweet and the waxy corns increased slowly up to 24 and 26 DAS, respectively and decreased thereafter. The content of soluble solids in sweet corn was much higher than that of super sweet corn. Starch content of the sweet corn increased slowly from 15 to 33 DAS, while that of the super sweet corn increased a little rapidly from 15 to 21 DAS and then leveled off to 33 DAS. Starch content of the waxy corn increased continuously from 21 to 38 DAS. There was a positive correlation between the sum of individual sugars (sucrose, glucose, and fructose) and soluble solids in both sweet and super sweet corns, while the content of soluble solids was not related to the sum of individual sugars or total sugars. The flavor rate of sweet and super sweet corns maintained high between 21 and 27 DAS and that of waxy corn decreased from 24 to 33 DAS. The optimum harvest time for sweet, super sweet, and waxy corns was thought to be 21 to 24 DAS considering sugar and starch contents, flavor, and marketing.

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The Nonlinear Equalizer for Super-RENS Read-out Signals using an Asymmetric Waveform Model (비대칭 신호 모델을 이용한 super-RENS 신호에서의 비선형 등화기)

  • Moon, Woosik;Park, Sehwang;Lee, Jieun;Im, Sungbin
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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    • v.51 no.5
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    • pp.70-75
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    • 2014
  • Super-resolution near-field structure (super-RENS) read-out samples are affected by a nonlinear and noncausal channel, which results in inter-symbol interference (ISI). In this study, we investigate asymmetry or domain bloom in super-RENS in terms of equalization. Domain bloom is caused by writing process in optical recording. We assume in this work that the asymmetry symbol conversion scheme is to generate asymmetric symbols, and then a linear finite impulse response filter can model the read-out channel. For equalizing this overall nonlinear channel, the read-out signals are deconvolved with the finite impulse response filter and its output is decided based on the decision rule table that is developed from the asymmetry symbol conversion scheme. The proposed equalizer is investigated with the simulations and the real super-RENS samples in terms of raw bit error rate.

Neural Networks-Based Nonlinear Equalizer for Super-RENS Discs (Super-RENS 디스크를 위한 신경망 기반의 비선형 등화기)

  • Seo, Man-Jung;Im, Sung-Bin
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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    • v.45 no.12
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    • pp.90-96
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    • 2008
  • Recently, various recording technologies are studied for optical data storage. After standardization of BD (Blu-ray Disc) and HD-DVD (High-Definition Digital Versatile Disc), the industry is looking for a suitable technology for next generation optical data storage. Super-RENS (Super-Resolution Near Field Structure) technique, which is capable of compatibility with other systems, is one of next optical data storage. In this paper, we proposed a neural network-based nonlinear equalizer (NNEQ) for Super-RENS discs. To mitigate the nonlinear ISI (Inter-Symbol Interference), we applied NARX (Nonlinear AutoRegressive eXogenous) which is a kind of neural networks. Its validity is tested with the RF signal samples obtained from a Super-RENS disc. The performance of the proposed equalizer is superior to the one without equalization and that of the Limit-EQ in terms of BER (Bit Error Rate).

A Study on the Types of Super Graphics - Special Reference of Functional Types and Appearance Background - (도시환경의 시각요소로서 슈퍼 그래픽 유형에 관한 연구 -기능별 분류와 발생배경을 중심으로-)

  • 나성숙
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.13-26
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    • 1985
  • ^x The enviroment defines the living conditions for people and has at the same time the possibility to create new environment. In Korea, where the rate of urbanization reached more than 50% in 1970′s the priority has been put on the economic development and administrative function. Under the circumstance, visual environmental field was dealt lightly and it resulted in undesirable environment. The techniques of Mordern Arts (Montage, Depeysment, Tromp L′oeil, P.O.P Art, etc.) helped Super Graphics appear in the urban areas. Environmental Art has been expended into the public space and people came to recognize the Arts as the "Street Art" or "Street as Gallery". Super Graphics has four types 1) Resident′s Super Graphics ; Minority groups came to maintain social equality and rights, in cooperation with each other. Such maintenance required general urbanites to form communities which gave birth to the community art, Mural Painting. 2) Environmental Super Graphics ; Beauty has come to be stressed in order to improve the quality of urban lives in the course of inescapable urban development. Instead of renewal of all established construction conservation oriented renewal was encouraged. 3) Super Graphics as Population Arts ; In the 1960′s artists repulsed the establishments in an efforts to open new phase independent from the expressional in the arts. They recognized the relationship between painting, society and the public in different angle and tried to describe all living space on canvas. 4) Super Graphics as Advertisement ; Super Graphics functions as efficient media to deliver images to the urbanites. Super Graphics as media plays the role for political propaganda and commercial advertisements according to their purposes. In Korea, especially, it is required to introduce the environmental Super Graphics. But it is desirable to introduce Super Graphics with Korean culture and sense of beauty. Designers themselves are also required to have responsibility to improve the quality of urban culture.

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Studies on In Vivo Embryo Production by FSH-P and SUPER-OV in Korean Native Cattle III. The Factors Influencing In Vivo Embryo Production on Days and Seasons of Flushing (한우에서FSH-P와SUPER-OV에 의한 체내 수정란 생산에 관한 연구 II.계절 및 채란일에 따른 체내 수정란 생산에 영향을 미치는 요인)

  • 김흥률;김덕임;박철진;김창근;정영채;이종완
    • Journal of Embryo Transfer
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.57-66
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    • 1997
  • This study was carried out to establish an effective and practical system for commercialization of embryo production techniques by analyzing several factors influencing in vivo embryo production on days and seasons of flushing in Korean native cattle. In vivo embryos were flushed 226 times from 128 donors. The results obtained for the factors influencing in vivo embryo production on days and seasons of flushing were as follows :1.The percentages of fertilized, transferable and freezable embryos by seasons were significantly different in both FSR-P and SUPER-OV(P<0.01). The percentages of them were highest in sunrrner with FS H-P and highest in autumn with SUPER -OV.2. The production of transferable and freezable embryos by flushing days was highest in 8 days with FSH-P, and there was no difference between 7 and 8 days for SUP ER-OV. 3. The failure rates of recovery were 17.0% in SUPER-OV and 21.2% in FSH-P, respectively. The donors superovulated but failed recovery were 8.5% in SUPER-OV and 12.9% in FSH-P, respectively. Nonsuperovulated donors was 8.4% and donors giving less than 2 eggs at recovery was 8.4% in both FSH -P and SUPER-OV 4. The donors returned to normal estrus after superovulation were 34.1% after 1 cycle,39.4% after 2 cycles, and 16.7% after 3 cycles by FSH-P, respectively. For SUPER-OV, they were 55.3, 33.0 and 9.6%, respectively. Generally, normal estrus after the treatment of superovulation was earlier and the occurrence of ovarian cyst was also lower in SUP ER-OV than in FSH-P.5.The percentages of blastocyst in embryos flushed at 7~8 days after estrus were 21. 9% and 54.3% in FSH -P and SUPER-OV, respectively. The development of embryos was faster in SUPER-OV than in FSH-P.(Key words : in vivo embryo, flushing days, superovulation, FSH-P, SUPER-OV)

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Modified Boost Converter for EV Using Low Voltage Super Capacitor String (낮은 전압의 Super Capacitor String 사용이 가능한 EV용 Modified Boost Converter)

  • Kong, Sung Jae;Kim, Dasom;Kim, Semin;Kang, Kyung-Soo;Roh, Chung-Wook
    • Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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    • 2016.07a
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    • pp.267-268
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    • 2016
  • 기존 EV용 모터구동 Boost Converter의 경우, 모터 기동 시 필요한 순간적인 큰 전류를 배터리에서 공급하기 때문에 배터리의 수명이 감소되는 문제점이 있다. 이를 해결하기 위해 출력 단에 Super Cap. String을 사용하여 순간적으로 필요한 큰 전류를 공급하였다. 하지만 Super Cap. String은 높은 전압을 견뎌야 하기 때문에 회로의 전체적인 부피가 커지고 원가를 증가시키는 문제점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 낮은 내압의 Super Cap. String을 사용 할 수 있는 Modified Boost Converter를 제안한다. 제안 회로는 Super Cap. String을 사용하여 배터리의 효율을 극대화 시킬 수 있으며, Super Cap. String의 직렬 연결 개수 감소로 회로의 소형화 및 원가 저감이 가능하다. 본 논문에서는 제안된 회로의 이론적 특성을 분석하고 모의실험을 통해 제안회로의 우수성을 검증하였다.

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The Develop of Super Junction IGBT for Using Super High Voltage (대용량 전력변환용 초접합 IGBT 개발에 관한 연구)

  • Chung, Hun-Suk;Kang, Ey Goo
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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    • v.28 no.8
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    • pp.496-500
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    • 2015
  • This paper was proposed the theoretical research and optimal design 3000V super junction NPT IGBT for using electrical automotive and power conversion. Because super junction IGBT was showed ultra low on resistance, it was structure that can improve the thermal characteristics of conventional NPT IGBT. The electrical characteristics of super junction NPT IGBT were 2.52 V of on state voltage drop, 4.33 V of threshold voltage and 2,846 V breakdown voltage. We did not obtaing 3,000 V breakdown voltage but we will obtain 3,000 V breakdown voltage through improving p pillar layer. If we are carried this research, This device will be used electrical automotive, power conversiton and high speed train.

An Experimental Study on the Production and Mechanical Properties of Super-Workable Concrete (초유동 콘크리트의 제조 및 역학적 특성에 관한 실험적 연구)

  • Bae, Su-Ho;Youn, Sang-Dai;Lee, Dae-Hyoung
    • Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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    • v.40 no.6
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    • pp.104-113
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    • 1998
  • The purpose of this experimental research is to produce the super-workable concrete using ordinary portland cement, blast-furnace slag lowder, and fly ash respectively, and investigate mechanical properties of super-workable concrete. For this purpose, after production of super-workable concrete for different unit weights of binder and percentages of fine aggregate, optimum mixing proportion of them was determined, and then mechanical properties of super-workable concrete such as static modulud of elasticity as well as compressive, tensile and flexural strength were tested and analyzed. Also, the mechanical performances of super-workable concrete were compared with those of high-strength concrete has an excellent mobility, compactability and segregation-resistance, but the strength of super-workable concrete is somewhat lower than that of high-strength concrete with equal mixing proportions of concrete.

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An Experimental Study on the Mechanical Properties of Super- Workable Concrete (다짐이 필요없는 콘크리트의 역학적 특성에 관한 실험적 연구)

  • 이준구;윤상대;박광수;이성행;배수호
    • Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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    • 1997.04a
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    • pp.177-185
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    • 1997
  • The purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanical properties of super-workable concrete using O.P.C., blast-furnace slag, and fly ash respectively. For this purpose, after determining the optimum mix proportion of super-workable concrete according to unit weight of binder and percentage of fine aggregate respectively, mechanical properties of super-workable concrete such as compressive, tensile and flexural strength as well as elastic modules were tested and analyzed. Also, the mechanical performances of super-workable concrete were compared with those of high-strength concrete with equal mix proportion of concrete. As a result, super-workable concrete have an excellent mobility, placeability, and segregation-resistance, but the strength of super-workable concrete was shown to be somewhat lower than that of high-strength concrete with equal mix proportion of concrete.

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Effects of Vertical Meteorological Changes on Heating and Cooling Loads of Super Tall Buildings

  • Song, Doosam;Kim, Yang Su
    • International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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    • v.1 no.2
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    • pp.81-85
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    • 2012
  • Vertical meteorological conditions encountered by super tall buildings, such as wind speed, temperature and humidity, vary due to their height. Therefore, it is necessary to consider these environmental changes to properly estimate the heating and cooling loads, and to minimize the energy demands for HVAC in super tall buildings. This paper aims to analyze how vertical meteorological changes affect heating and cooling loads of super tall buildings by using numerical simulation. A radiosonde, which observes atmospheric parameters of upper air such as wind speed, wind direction, temperature, relative humidity and pressure, was used to provide weather data for the building load simulation. A hypothetical super tall building was used for the simulation to provide quantified characteristics of the heating and cooling loads, comparing the lower, middle and upper parts of the building. The effect of weather data on the heating and cooling loads in super tall building was also discussed.