• 한국버섯학회지
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.140-144
• /
• 2023

본 연구는 길항성 미생물, Bacillus subtilis BSM320을 이용한 표고 푸른곰팡이병의 생물학적 방제를 목적으로 하였다. B. subtilis BSM320는 표고 톱밥배지 에서 분리된 T. hazianum을 포함한 3 Trichoderma 분리균주 대해 균사 생장을 억제하는 항균 활성을 나타냈다. B. subtilis BSM320은 1% glucose를 포함하는 LeCSMS물 추출물(LeCSMS WE)에서 4.2 × 10⁹±113.7 cfu/mL 세균수로 고밀도 배양 되었으며 상용배지 Lurina-Bertani broth 배지보다 높은 세균 밀도를 보였다. B. subtilis BSM320의 LeCSMS WE 배양액은 표고 자실체에 약해 없이 표고 톱밥 배지에 발생하는 푸른곰팡이병에 대하여 75%의 방제효과를 보였다. 그 결과는 LeCSMS 물 추출물 배양 B. subtilis BSM320는 표고 푸른곰팡이병의 생물학적 방제에 활용할 수 있는 것을 시사한다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.88-94
• /
• 2016

The study was carried out to examine the anti-obesity effects of 40% ethanol extract from green tea seed (GS) and quantitative determination of caffeine as its major compound. The specificity was satisfied with retention time and UV spectrum by analysis of caffeine using HPLC and comparison with standard compound. It showed a high linearity in the calibration curve with a coefficient of correlation (R²) of 0.9974. The amount of caffeine in GS was about 4.649 mg/g (0.465%) in the three times analysis, and relative standard deviation (RSD) was less than 0.452% by the validated method. The anti-obesity effects of GS were evaluated by using Oil Red O staining in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and body weight, visceral fat and lipid profiles in high fat diet (HFD)-induced C57BL/6 obese mice. Our results indicated that treatment with GS dose-dependently decreased lipid accumulation contents (p<0.001). Moreover, after oral administration for 30 days feeding with HFD-induced obses mice, GS (100 and 300 mg/kg/day) produced a significant decrease in serum total cholesterol (TC), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and visceral fat. Thus, the result of this study indicate that the GS may be a useful resource for the management of obesity.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.16.1-16.19
• /
• 2023

Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine is the only licensed vaccine for tuberculosis (TB) prevention. Previously, our group demonstrated the vaccine potential of Rv0351 and Rv3628 against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection by directing Th1-biased CD4⁺ T cells co-expressing IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 in the lungs. Here, we assessed immunogenicity and vaccine potential of the combined Ags (Rv0351/Rv3628) formulated in different adjuvants as subunit booster in BCG-primed mice against hypervirulent clinical Mtb strain K (Mtb K). Compared to BCG-only or subunit-only vaccine, BCG prime and subunit boost regimen exhibited significantly enhanced Th1 response. Next, we evaluated the immunogenicity to the combined Ags when formulated with four different types of monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL)-based adjuvants: 1) dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DDA), MPL, and trehalose dicorynomycolate (TDM) in liposome form (DMT), 2) MPL and Poly I:C in liposome form (MP), 3) MPL, Poly I:C, and QS21 in liposome form (MPQ), and 4) MPL and Poly I:C in squalene emulsion form (MPS). MPQ and MPS displayed greater adjuvancity in Th1 induction than DMT or MP did. Especially, BCG prime and subunit-MPS boost regimen significantly reduced the bacterial loads and pulmonary inflammation against Mtb K infection when compared to BCG-only vaccine at a chronic stage of TB disease. Collectively, our findings highlighted the importance of adjuvant components and formulation to induce the enhanced protection with an optimal Th1 response.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제44권2호
• /
• pp.362-372
• /
• 2020

Background: The non-saponin fraction of Korean Red Ginseng has been reported to have many biological activities. However, the effect of this fraction on anti-diabetic activity has not been elucidated in detail. In this study, we investigated the effects of KGC05P0, a non-saponin fraction of Korean Red Ginseng, on anti-diabetic activity in vitro and in vivo. Methods: We measured the inhibition of commercially obtained α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities in vitro and measured the glucose uptake and transport rate in Caco-2 cells. C57BL/6J mice and C57BLKS/J^db/db (diabetic) mice were fed diets with or without KGC05P0 for eight weeks. To perform the experiments, the groups were divided as follows: normal control (C57BL/6J mice), db/db control (C57BLKS/J^db/db mice), positive control (inulin 400 mg/kg b.w.), low (KGC05P0 100 mg/kg b.w.), medium (KGC05P0 200 mg/kg b.w.), and high (KGC05P0 400 mg/kg b.w.). Results: KGC05P0 inhibited α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities in vitro, and decreased glucose uptake and transport rate in Caco-2 cells. In addition, KGC05P0 regulated fasting glucose level, glucose tolerance, insulin, HbA1c, carbonyl contents, and proinflammatory cytokines in blood from diabetic mice and significantly reduced urinary glucose excretion levels. Moreover, we found that KGC05P0 regulated glucose production by down-regulation of the PI3K/AKT pathway, which inhibited gluconeogenesis. Conclusion: Our study thereby demonstrated that KGC05P0 exerted anti-diabetic effects through inhibition of glucose absorption and the PI3K/AKT pathway in in vitro and in vivo models of diabetes. Our results suggest that KGC05P0 could be developed as a complementary food to help prevent T2DM and its complications.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제33권9호
• /
• pp.1206-1212
• /
• 2023

The Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays essential roles in regulating various cellular behaviors, including proliferation, survival, and differentiation [1-3]. The intracellular β-catenin level, which is regulated by a proteasomal degradation pathway, is critical to Wnt/β-catenin pathway control [4]. Normally, casein kinase 1 (CK1) and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), which form a complex with the scaffolding protein Axin and the tumor suppressor protein adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), phosphorylate β-catenin at Ser45, Thr41, Ser37, and Ser33 [5, 6]. Phosphorylated β-catenin is ubiquitinated by the β-transducin repeat-containing protein (β-TrCP), an F-box E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, and ubiquitinated β-catenin is degraded via a proteasome pathway [7, 8]. Colorectal cancer is a significant cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Abnormal up-regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is a major pathological event in intestinal epithelial cells during human colorectal cancer oncogenesis [9]. Genetic mutations in the APC gene are observed in familial adenomatous polyposis coli (FAP) and sporadic colorectal cancers [10]. In addition, mutations in the N-terminal phosphorylation motif of the β-catenin gene were found in patients with colorectal cancer [11]. These mutations cause β-catenin to accumulate in the nucleus, where it forms complexes with transcription factors of the T-cell factor/lymphocyte enhancer factor (TCF/LEF) family to stimulate the expression of β-catenin responsive genes, such as c-Myc and cyclin D1, which leads to colorectal tumorigenesis [12-14]. Therefore, downregulating β-catenin response transcription (CRT) is a potential strategy for preventing and treating colorectal cancer. Plant cytokinins are N⁶-substituted purine derivatives; they promote cell division in plants and regulate developmental pathways. Natural cytokinins are classified as isoprenoid (isopentenyladenine, zeatin, and dihydrozeatin), aromatic (benzyladenine, topolin, and methoxytopolin), or furfural (kinetin and kinetin riboside), depending on their structure [15, 16]. Kinetin riboside was identified in coconut water and is a naturally produced cytokinin that induces apoptosis and exhibits antiproliferative activity in several human cancer cell lines [17]. However, little attention has been paid to kinetin riboside's mode of action. In this study, we show that kinetin riboside exerts its cytotoxic activity against colon cancer cells by suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and promoting intracellular β-catenin degradation.

• 대한본초학회지
• /
• 제34권2호
• /
• pp.41-47
• /
• 2019

Objectives : A traditional herbal prescription, Kyung-Ok-Ko (KOK), has long been used in oriental medicine as an invigorant for age-related diseases, such as amnesia and stroke. However, the beneficial value of KOK for immune responses is largely unknown. Based on the above mentioned effects of KOK, other previous reports, and its use in traditional medicine, we hypothesized that KOK displays beneficial effects against methotrexate (MTX)-induced immune suppression. Methods : We investigated the effects of KOK (0.6 g/kg/day, oral (p.o.)) on deteriorated immunity caused by MTX (2 mg/kg/day, p.o.) in an immune suppression mouse model. MTX was fed to mice once a day for 7 days. After the immune responses of the mice deteriorated by MTX treatment, KOK in water was fed to the mice once a day for 14 days. We then measured the expression levels of various cytokines, such as T helper cell (Th1, Th2) cytokines, and the number of immune cells, such as spleen T cells, B cells, and macrophages. Results : The data showed that MTX decreased Th1 profiles (interferon $(IFN)-{\gamma}$, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-12) and the number of immune cells, and increased Th2 profiles (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13), which were normalized significantly by post-administration of KOK. However, there was no significant difference in body-weight gain between MTX- and KOK-treated mice. Conclusion : These results indicate that KOK has immune-enhancing functions and reduces immunotoxicity of MTX, suggesting that supplementation with KOK will improve immune responses clinically and be useful for the prevention of immune-related diseases.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
• /
• 제53권3호
• /
• pp.249-256
• /
• 2021

천식은 만성 염증성 기도 폐쇄 질환이다. 질병 발생 요인은 다양하며 특히, 유전적 요인과 환경적 요인이 천식 발병에 영향을 미치는 것으로 추정된다. MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase)경로는 Th1/Th2의 균형을 조절하며, 천식 발생에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 MAPK 경로를 조절하는 NDFIP2 유전자와 천식 발병과의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 193건의 천식 환자와 3,228건의 정상 대조군의 유전형 데이터를 사용하였다. 그 결과 NDFIP2 안에 있는 4개의 SNP이 천식과 유의한 상관관계와 높은 상대적 위험도를 보였다. 특히 NDFIP2의 rs2783122는 천식과 통계적으로 가장 유의한 연관성을 나타냈다(P-value=9.76×10^-6, OR=1.67, 95% CI=1.33~2.10). NDFIP2 유전자에 대한 SNP imputation 결과 16개의 SNP가 추가 발견되었으며, 모두 유의한 상관 관계와 높은 상대적 위험도를 나타냈다. 유전자형 기반 mRNA 발현 분석을 통해 rs1408049가 minor allele을 가질 경우 유전자 발현이 증가됨을 알 수 있었다. 증가된 NDFIP2 발현은 MAPK 경로를 활성화시켜 천식 발병에 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 결론적으로 NDFIP2의 다형성은 천식 발병과 관련이 있으며, 이는 한국 인구의 천식 관리에 대한 새로운 지침을 제공할 수 있다.

• 한국환경농학회지
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.155-161
• /
• 2001

Paraquat와 bentazone이 횐쥐의 간조직과 NIH 3T3 섬유모세포에 미치는 독성과 그 독성에 대한 3-MC의 보상효과를 조사하기 위하여 NIH 373 섬유모세포에 적응한 후 경시적으로 MTT분석을 이용하여 세포독성을 측정하고 Sprague Dawley계 웅성 횐쥐에 paraquat와 bentazone단독 및 paraquat 및 bentazone과 3-MC를 병용투여한 후 경시적으로 관찰한 결과 paraquat와 bentazone은 NIH 3T3 섬유모세포에 대하여 $IC_{50}$값이 각각 1668.97 ${\mu}M$, 1506.97 ${\mu}M$으로 Borenfreund의 독성평가기준에 의하면 저독성이었다. Paraquat와 bentazone 단독투여군의 H&E 염색에서 3시간째에는 문맥 주위 세포들이 변성을 일으키고 별모양 세포들이 증가하였으나 12시간째에는 간소엽 전체의 세포들이 변성을 일으켰으며 48시간째에는 더욱 심한 변성이 일어났다. 특히 bentazone 투여 후 48시간째에는 핵농축현상이 뚜렷하였다. Best carmine 염색에서 glycogen 과립을 함유하는 간세포들도 3시간째에는 문맥주위의 세포들이, 12시간째에는 간소엽 전체의 간세포들이, 48시간째에는 전체의 간세포들이 함유하는 glycogen 과립량이 현저히 증가하였다. 3-MC를 paraquat와 bentazone과 동시에 투여한 군에서 3시간째와 12시간째에는 단독투여군과 유사하였으나 48시간째에는 bentazone과 3-MC 동시투여군의 문맥주위의 간세포들이 재생되는 경향이었으며 paraquat와 3-MC를 동시에 투여한 군에서는 중심정맥 주위의 세포들만이 glycogen과립을 함유하고 있어 단독 투여군과 뚜렷한 차이를 관찰할 수 있었다. 이 결론에서 3-MC는 paraquat와 bentazone에 의한 간세포의 독성을 경감시킬 수 있는 물질임을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제61권2호
• /
• pp.13.1-13.8
• /
• 2021

Mammalian reovirus (MRV) causes respiratory and intestinal disease in mammals. Although MRV isolates have been reported to circulate in several animals, there are no reports on Korean MRV isolates from wildlife. We investigated the biological and molecular characteristics of Korean MRV isolates based on the nucleotide sequence of the segment 1 gene. In total, 144 swabs from wild animals were prepared for virus isolation. Based on virus isolation with specific cytopathic effects, indirect fluorescence assays, electron microscopy, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, only one isolate was confirmed to be MRV from a Korean roe deer (Capreolus pygargus). The isolate exhibited a hemagglutination activity level of 16 units with pig erythrocytes and had a maximum viral titer of 10^5.7 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID₅₀)/mL in Vero cells at 5 days after inoculation. The nucleotide and amino-acid sequences of the partial segment S1 of the MReo2045 isolate were determined and compared with those of other MRV strains. The MReo2045 isolate had nucleotide sequences similar to MRV-3 and was most similar (96.1%) to the T3/Bat/Germany/342/08 strain, which was isolated in Germany in 2008. The MReo2045 isolate will be useful as an antigen for sero-epidemiological studies and developing diagnostic tools.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.183-190
• /
• 2009

The plasma membrane-localized BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE1 (BRI1) and BRI1-ASSOCIATED KINASE1 (BAK1) are a well-known receptor pair involved in brassinosteroids (BR) signaling in Arabidposis. The formation of a receptor complex in response to BRs and the subsequent activation of cytoplasmic domain kinase activity share mechanistic characteristics with animal receptor kinases. Here, we demonstrate that BRI1 and BAK1 are BR-dependently phosphorylated, and that phosphorylated forms of the two proteins persist for different lengths of time. Mutations of either protein abolished phosphorylation of the counterpart protein, implying transphosphorylation of the receptor kinases. To investigate the specific amino acids critical for formation of the receptor complex and activation of BAK1 kinase activity, we expressed several versions of BAK1 in yeast and plants. L32E and L46E substitutions resulted in a loss of binding of BAK1 to BRI1, and threonine T455 was essential for the kinase activity of BAK1 in yeast. Transgenic bri1 mutant plants overexpressing BAK1(L46E) displayed reduced apical dominance and seed development. In addition, transgenic wild type plants overexpressing BAK1(T455A) lost the phosphorylation activity normally exhibited in response to BL, leading to semi-dwarfism. These results suggest that BAK1 is a critical component regulating the duration of BR efficacy, even though it cannot directly bind BRs in plants.