• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.157-167
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• 2006

목적 : 인삼은 전통적으로 학습과 기억능력 증진 및 각종 질병치료에 우수한 효과가 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 인삼약침이 소음스트레스가 유발된 태아쥐의 해마 및 시상하부에서 nitric oxide synthase에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 방법 : 인삼약침이 소음스트레스에 미치는 영향을 연구하기 위하여 태아기에 소음스트레스를 유발하고 생후 4주 후 7일간 인삼약침을 투여한 후 NADPH-d 조직화학법을 시행하였다. 결과 : 소음스트레스는 태아쥐의 해마 및 시상하부에서 NOS 발현이 유의하게 증가하였다. 2. 인삼약침은 해마 CA1에서만 소음스트레스에 의해서 증가된 NOS 발현을 유의하게 억제하였다 3. 인삼약침은 시상 하부 PVN, DMH 및 LHA에서 소음스트레스에 의해서 증가된 NOS 발현을 유의하게 억제하였다. 결론 : 본 연구를 통하여 인삼약침이 소음스트레스가 유발된 태아쥐의 해마 및 시상하부에서 증가된 NOS 발현을 유의하게 억제시켜 태아의 스트레스 자극에 인삼약침치료가 유의한 효과가 있음을 확인하였다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.78-82
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• 2015

In 2011, a leaf blight disease was observed on cosmos (Cosmos bipinnatus) leaves in Nonsan, Korea. The causal pathogen was isolated and identified based on morphological and molecular approaches. Morphological characteristics of the pathogen matched well with the Alternaria cosmosa and also easily distinguishable from Alternaria zinniae reported from cosmos seeds by producing branched beak. Phylogenetically, the pathogen could not be distinguished from A. passiflorae based on the sequence analysis of a combined data set of Alt a1 and gpd genes. However, A. passiflorae was distinguished from the present species by having conidiophores with 4 to 5 conidiogenous loci. The results indicate that the present Alternaria species is A. cosmosa. Pathogenicity tests revealed that the isolate was pathogenic to the leaves of Cosmos bipinnatus. This is the first report of Alternaria blight disease caused by A. cosmosa on cosmos in Korea.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.113-122
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• 2016

Objective : This study was carried out to analyze the trends of pharmacopuncture used to treat Herpes Zoster related articles that have been published in the Korean medicine journal.Method : We studied 14 research papers treated with pharmacopuncture for Herpes Zoster in Korean medicine journal. We analyzed for type of pharmacopuncture used, treatment point and clinical type.Results : 1. The number of searched journal is 14 papers. 2. The most common clinical type is herpes zoster generalisatus. Others types are postherpetic neuralgia, ramsay hunt syndrome, herpes zoster ophthalmicus, postherpetic paralysis 3. Pharmacopunctures used to treat herpes zoster are BV, Hwangreonhaedok-tang pharmacopuncture, Ginseng Pharmacopuncture, CF, JsD, Immuno-yakchim, etc. The most frequently used type of harmacopuncture is BV. 4. The most used part as a treatment point is a-shi point.Conclusions : It is needed to improve the cure rate through a comprehensive analysis of the Herpes zoster treatments. It is necessary to comprehensively analyze the treatments to increase the cure rate of about Herpes zoster.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.21-21
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• 2007

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.10-16
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• 1994

Effects of ginsenosides on the activities of bovine liver mitochondrial matrix ALDH and membrane bound ALDH were observed in vitro and it was found that both matrix and membrane bound ALDH were stimulated appreciably. The maximum activity for the matrix AkDH was found at the concentration of ginsenoside mixture being $10^{-7}$~$10^5$% and that for the membrane bound ALDH was at $10^{-6}$~$10^{-4}$%. It was also found that Km values of both ALDHS were lowered and their maximum velocity was increased. It was realized that the bovine liver mitochondrial matrix AkDH is Quite specific for the oxidation of low aliphatic aldehydes such as acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde. Therefore the increase of Vmax/Km value of the matrix ALDH in the presence of ginsenosides suggest that ginsenosides might stimulate the ALDH activity thereby resulting in the quick removal of harmful acetaldehyde from the liver to protect its toxicity.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.458-463
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• 2009

In this study, white ginseng water extract (WGWE) solutions were analyzed to set up the functional saponin content and quality optimization condition. The highest saponin content among the total white ginseng extracts was 8.32 mg/10 ml which was extracted at $75^{\circ}C$ for 18 hours. In addition, the saponin content decreased according to the increased extraction temperature and time. The highest content of $Rb_2$ and Re was 0.89 mg/10 ml, 0.82 mg/10 ml at $75^{\circ}C$ for 18 hours which decreased according to the increased extracted temperature and time. The highest content of $Rg_3$ was 1.67 mg/10 ml at $95^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours which decreased according to the increased time. The turbidity, sweetness and reducing sugar content were increased according to the increased extracted time at $75^{\circ}C$, $85^{\circ}C$, $95^{\circ}C$, but pH were decreased according to the increased extracted time. Therefore, the most appropriate white ginseng extracting method have to extracted the proper temperature for saponin content at first time in combination with raise the temperature for taste at second time.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.504-509
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• 2015

This research carried out to figure out the effect of the green manure crop cultivated at a preparation field and the shading net on the growth, development, and quality of ginseng. Followings are results obtained from the research. Leaf width of ginseng under the shading net of a two-layered blue and two-layered black polythylene net (TBTBPN) was good at rye and hairy vetch cultured group. Leaf length of ginseng under the shading net of a three-layered blue and one-layered black polyethylene net (TBOBPN) was good at barley and hairy vetch cultured group. Meanwhile, leaf width was good at hairy vetch cultured group. Leaf length of ginseng under a blue polyethylene sheet (BPS) was good at a barley and barley + hairy vetch cultured group, but stem length was shorter compare to other shading net cultivations. Root weight of ginseng was good under the shading net of a two-layered blue and two-layered black polyethylene net (TBTBPN) at a rye and hairy vetch cultured group, and was good under the shading net of a three-layered blue and onelayered black polyethylene net (TBOBPN) at a barley + hairy vetch cultured group, but there was no significant difference under blackout screen according to manure crop varieties. Ratio of rusty root was 10.2% at the barley cultured group under the shading net of a two-layered blue and two-layered black polyethylene net (TBTBPN), and was 23.1% at hairy vetch cultured group under shading net of a three-layered blue and one-layered black polyethylene net (TBOBPN). Ratio of rusty root was the lowest at a rye cultured group regardless the shading nets. Content of the ginsenoside was the highest at the rye cultured group under the shading net of two-layered blue and two-layered black polyethylene net (TBTBPN), was the highest at the barley cultured group under the shading net of a three-layered blue and one-layered black polyethylene net (TBOBPN), and was the highest at the rye cultured group under the blackout screen.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.324-331
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• 2013

Channels formed by the co-assembly of the KCNQ1 subunit and the mink (KCNE1) subunit underline the slowly activating delayed rectifier $K^+$ channels ($I_{Ks}$) in the heart. This $K^+$ channel is one of the main pharmacological targets for the development of drugs against cardiovascular disease. Panax ginseng has been shown to exhibit beneficial cardiovascular effects. In a previous study, we showed that ginsenoside Rg3 activates human KCNQ1 $K^+$ channel currents through interactions with the K318 and V319 residues. However, little is known about the effects of ginsenoside metabolites on KCNQ1 $K^+$ alone or the KCNQ1 + KCNE1 $K^+$ ($I_{Ks}$) channels. In the present study, we examined the effect of protopanaxatriol (PPT) and compound K (CK) on KCNQ1 $K^+$ and $I_{Ks}$ channel activity expressed in Xenopus oocytes. PPT more strongly inhibited the $I_{Ks}$ channel currents than the currents of KCNQ1 $K^+$ alone in concentration- and voltage-dependent manners. The $IC_{50}$ values on $I_{Ks}$ and KCNQ1 alone currents for PPT were $5.18{\pm}0.13$ and $10.04{\pm}0.17{\mu}M$, respectively. PPT caused a leftward shift in the activation curve of $I_{Ks}$ channel activity, but minimally affected KCNQ1 alone. CK exhibited slight inhibition on $I_{Ks}$ and KCNQ1 alone $K^+$ channel currents. These results indicate that ginsenoside metabolites show limited effects on $I_{Ks}$ channel activity, depending on the structure of the ginsenoside metabolites.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.67-76
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• 1988

With a view to making comparative study and promoting the interchange of food culture between Korea and Japan, a sensory test was given to 60 female college students (30 Koreans and as many Japanese) in order to find out differences in preference of various teas between the two nations. The findings are as follows: 1. The correlation between each specific tea and total evaluation: Significant level of high positive correlation was indicated in case of color, taste, and aftertaste by both Koreans and Japanese. In case of odor, and flavor the Koreans indicated insignificant level of nought, and the Japanese significant level of high negative correlation one. In sweetness and total evaluation the Koreans indicated positive correlation and the Japanese insignificant level of nought. 2. Comparison of preference of various teas by the Koreans and the Japanese 1) Ginseng tea A and Ginseng tea B As to Ginseng tea A and Ginseng tea B the Koreans liked odor best while the Japanese liked flavor best. In general preference the Koreans liked them better than the Japanese, and both groups indicated significant level (p <.001). 2) Black tea A: As to Black tea A the Koreans liked odor best while the Japanese taste, and in general preference the Japanese liked them better than the Koreans and both groups indicated significant level (p <.001). 3) Black tea B. As to Black tea B the Koreans liked odor best while the Japanese color, and in general preference the Japanese liked them better than the Korean and both groups indicated significant level (p <.01). 4) Coffee A. The Koreans liked odor best while the Japanese flavor, and neither of the groups indicated significant level (p <.05). 5) Coffee B. The Koreans liked color best while the Japanese flavor, and neither of the groups indicated significant level (p <.05). 6) Green tea A and Green tea B. As to Green tea A and Green tea B, the Koreans liked odor best while the Japanese taste. In general preference the Japanese liked them better than the Koreans, both indicated significant level (p <.001). 7) Malcha (a kind of traditional Green tea) Both groups liked flavor best, in general preference the Japanese liked it better than the Koreans, and both groups indicated significant level (p <.001).

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.155-161
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• 2016

A recent study reported that Pleurotus ostreatus has the potential to be used as a ${\beta}-glucan-based$ cream for supportive complementary therapy of atopic dermatitis. KH054 is a new herbal prescription consisting of P. ostreatus and Panax ginseng. The effects of atopic dermatitis-induced materials on the expression of cytokine genes in human monocytes (THP-1, EoL- 1) have been examined. Some reports demonstrated that P. ginseng augments the activity of natural killer cells, which plays an important role in innate immunity against infection and tumor development. Monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-8 have important roles in mediating the infiltration of various cells into the skin of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. The present study investigated whether KH054 on induced IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 secretion by house dust mite (Dermatophagoides pteronissinus) in THP-1 (human acute monocytic leukemia) and EoL-1(Human eosinophilic leukemia) cell. D. pteronissinus functions in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases, including atopic dermatitis and asthma. The inhibitory effect of KH054 on the induction of IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 secretion by D. pteronissinus extract in THP-1 and EoL-1 cells was examined. KH054 potently suppressed the elevated production of IL-6 and IL-8 induced by D. pteronissinus treatment in THP-1 and EoL-1 cells. Based on the present results, KH054 may be useful for developing functional foods to treat atopic dermatitis.