• Title/Summary/Keyword: Sun Ginseng

검색결과 715건 처리시간 0.025초

Research article Black ginseng activates Akt signaling, thereby enhancing myoblast differentiation and myotube growth

  • Lee, Soo-Yeon;Go, Ga-Yeon;Vuong, Tuan Anh;Kim, Jee Won;Lee, Sullim;Jo, Ayoung;An, Jun Min;Kim, Su-Nam;Seo, Dong-Wan;Kim, Jin-Seok;Kim, Yong Kee;Kang, Jong-Sun;Lee, Sang-Jin;Bae, Gyu-Un
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • 제42권1호
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    • pp.116-121
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    • 2018
  • Background: Black ginseng (BG) has greatly enhanced pharmacological activities relative to white or red ginseng. However, the effect and molecular mechanism of BG on muscle growth has not yet been examined. In this study, we investigated whether BG could regulate myoblast differentiation and myotube hypertrophy. Methods: BG-treated C2C12 myoblasts were differentiated, followed by immunoblotting for myogenic regulators, immunostaining for a muscle marker, myosin heavy chain or immunoprecipitation analysis for myogenic transcription factors. Results: BG treatment of C2C12 cells resulted in the activation of Akt, thereby enhancing hetero-dimerization of MyoD and E proteins, which in turn promoted muscle-specific gene expression and myoblast differentiation. BG-treated myoblasts formed larger multinucleated myotubes with increased diameter and thickness, accompanied by enhanced Akt/mTOR/p70S6K activation. Furthermore, the BG treatment of human rhabdomyosarcoma cells restored myogenic differentiation. Conclusion: BG enhances myoblast differentiation and myotube hypertrophy by activating Akt/mTOR/p70S6k axis. Thus, our study demonstrates that BG has promising potential to treat or prevent muscle loss related to aging or other pathological conditions, such as diabetes.

오염된 인삼으로부터 분리된 Citrobacter sp.에 대한 인삼사포닌의 생육억제 효과 (Inhibition Effect of Ginseng Saponin on the Growth of Citrobacterer sp. Isolated from Contaminated Ginseng)

  • 박채규;곽이성;홍순기;이훈상;황미선;이만휘;원준연;한경호
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • 제32권3호
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    • pp.270-274
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    • 2008
  • 오염된 인삼분말로부터 1종의 세균을 순수분리하여 API kit 및 전자현미경을 이용하여 형태적, 생리적 특성을 조사하였다. 분리균은 직경 약 1.0 ${\mu}m$이었고 길이는 $2.0{\sim}6.0{\mu}m$로 세포표면에 규칙적으로 분포되어 있는 편모로 이동하는 간균이었다. 분리균은 ${\beta}-galactosdase$, arginine dihydrolase, ornithin decarboxylase를 가지고 있으며 탄소원으로 citrate를 이용할 수 없었고, $H_2S$는 생성하지 못하였다. 그러나 glucose, manitol, sorbitol, rhamnose, arabinose 등의 당 및 amygdalin을 탄소원으로 이용할 수 있었다. 이상의 API kit를 이용한 생리적 특성분석 및 전자현미경을 이용한 미세 형태적 특성 관찰결과에 의해 본 균주는 장내세균과 (Enterobacteriaceae)에 속하는 Citrobacter sp.로 동정되었다. 한편 분리균주 Citrobacter sp.의 생육에 미치는 인삼사포닌의 영향을 조사한 결과 사포닌은 농도의존적으로 균의 생육을 억제하는 경향을 나타내었다. 즉, 사포닌을 0.05, 0.5, 2.0, 4.0% 첨가하고 $38^{\circ}C$에서 3 일 동안 배양한 후 사포닌 비첨가군과 비교한 결과 균의 상대적 생육저해율은 각각 28.6, 66.7, 92.4, 97.7%로 나타났다. 사포닌의 미생물 생육 억제작용은 비교적 고농도인 4.0% 사포닌 첨가시에도 초기의 $6.2{\times}10^6$에서 $1.0{\timex}10^8$ CFU/g으로 완만한 가경향을 나타내어 사멸작용보다는 정균작용일 것으로 추측된다.

Effects of gintonin on the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of human umbilical-vein endothelial cells: involvement of lysophosphatidic-acid receptors and vascular-endothelial-growth-factor signaling

  • Hwang, Sung-Hee;Lee, Byung-Hwan;Choi, Sun-Hye;Kim, Hyeon-Joong;Won, Kyung Jong;Lee, Hwan Myung;Rhim, Hyewon;Kim, Hyoung-Chun;Nah, Seung-Yeol
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • 제40권4호
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    • pp.325-333
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    • 2016
  • Background: Ginseng extracts are known to have angiogenic effects. However, to date, only limited information is available on the molecular mechanism underlying the angiogenic effects and the main components of ginseng that exert these effects. Human umbilical-vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) are used as an in vitro model for screening therapeutic agents that promote angiogenesis and wound healing. We recently isolated gintonin, a novel ginseng-derived lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor ligand, from ginseng. LPA plays a key role in angiogenesis and wound healing. Methods: In the present study, we investigated the in vitro effects of gintonin on proliferation, migration, and tube formation of HUVECs, which express endogenous LPA1/3 receptors. Results: Gintonin stimulated proliferation and migration of HUVECs. The LPA1/3 receptor antagonist, Ki16425, short interfering RNA against LPA1 or LPA3 receptor, and the Rho kinase inhibitor, Y-27632, significantly decreased the gintonin-induced proliferation, migration, and tube formation of HUVECs, which indicates the involvement of LPA receptors and Rho kinase activation. Further, gintonin increased the release of vascular endothelial growth factors from HUVECs. The cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor NS-398, nuclear factor kappa B inhibitor BAY11-7085, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor SP600125 blocked the gintonin-induced migration, which shows the involvement of cyclooxygenase-2, nuclear factor kappa B, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling. Conclusion: The gintonin-mediated proliferation, migration, and vascular-endothelial-growth-factor release in HUVECs via LPA-receptor activation may be one of in vitro mechanisms underlying ginsenginduced angiogenic and wound-healing effects.

Effects of gut microbiota on the pharmacokinetics of protopanaxadiol ginsenosides Rd, Rg3, F2, and compound K in healthy volunteers treated orally with red ginseng

  • Kim, Jeon-Kyung;Choi, Min Sun;Jeung, Woonhee;Ra, Jehyeon;Yoo, Hye Hyun;Kim, Dong-Hyun
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • 제44권4호
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    • pp.611-618
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    • 2020
  • Background: It is well recognized that gut microbiota is involved in the biotransformation of ginsenosides by converting the polar ginsenosides to nonpolar bioactive ginsenosides. However, the roles of the gut microbiota on the pharmacokinetics of ginsenosides in humans have not yet been fully elucidated. Methods: Red ginseng (RG) or fermented red ginseng was orally administered to 34 healthy Korean volunteers, and the serum concentrations of the ginsenosides were determined using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In addition, the fecal ginsenoside Rd- and compound K (CK)eforming activities were measured. Then, the correlations between the pharmacokinetic profiles of the ginsenosides and the fecal ginsenoside-metabolizing activities were investigated. Results: For the RG group, the area under the serum concentratione-time curve values of ginsenosides Rd, F2, Rg3, and CK were 8.20 ± 11.95 ng·h/mL, 4.54 ± 3.70 ng·h/mL, 36.40 ± 19.68 ng·h/mL, and 40.30 ± 29.83 ng·h/mL, respectively. For the fermented red ginseng group, the the area under curve from zero to infinity (AUC) values of ginsenosides Rd, F2, Rg3, and CK were 187.90 ± 95.87 ng·h/mL, 30.24 ± 41.87 ng·h/mL, 28.68 ± 14.27 ng·h/mL, and 137.01 ± 96.16 ng·h/mL, respectively. The fecal CK-forming activities of the healthy volunteers were generally proportional to their ginsenoside Rd-eforming activities. The area under the serum concentration-time curve value of CK exhibited an obvious positive correlation (r = 0.566, p < 0.01) with the fecal CK-forming activity. Conclusion: The gut microbiota may play an important role in the bioavailability of the nonpolar RG ginsenosides by affecting the biotransformation of the ginsenosides.

홍삼 융합청국장의 가수분해 조건에 따른 특성변화 (Characteristic Changes in Red Ginseng Fusion Cheonggukjang Based on Hydrolysis Conditions)

  • 이명희;구영아;최명숙;권중호;김인선;정용진
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제36권8호
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    • pp.1031-1037
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    • 2007
  • 홍삼 융합청국장을 다양한 식품소재로 활용하고자 가수 분해 조건에 따른 특성변화를 조사하였다. 그 결과 4종류의 protease에 따른 홍삼 융합청국장 가수분해물의 특성은 protease(KMF-G)가 가수분해도, 칼슘결합능, 총 페놀화합물 함량이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 혈전용해능과 ACE 저해활성 또한 87.10 unit, 67.17%로 가장 높게 나타났다. Protease(KMF-G) 농도에 따른 영향을 조사한 결과 0.02%에서 적합하였다. 홍삼 융합청국장의 가수분해시간에 따른 영향은 60분과 90분에서 가장 양호한 결과를 나타내었으나 유의적 차이가 나타나지 않았으며, 홍삼 융합청국장 가수분해물의 불쾌취와 쓴맛은 60분 이상에서 개선되었으므로 최적 가수분해시간은 60분으로 설정할 수 있었다. 홍삼 융합청국장의 총 진세노사이드 함량은 9.197 mg/g이고, 홍삼 융합청국장 가수분해물의 함량은 11.707 mg/g이었다. 이상의 결과 protease(KMF-G), 0.02%를 첨가하여 60분간 가수분해 하였을 때 이화학적 특성, 혈전용해능 및 ACE 저해활성이 향상된 홍삼 융합청국장 가수분해 조건을 설정할 수 있었다.

Immunological benefits by ginseng through reciprocal regulation of Th17 and Treg cells during cyclosporine-induced immunosuppression

  • Heo, Seong Beom;Lim, Sun Woo;Jhun, Joo Yeon;Cho, Mi La;Chung, Byung Ha;Yang, Chul Woo
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • 제40권1호
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    • pp.18-27
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    • 2016
  • Background: It is not clear whether ginseng affects cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced desirable immunosuppressive action. In this study, we evaluated the immunological influence of combined treatment of ginseng with CsA. Methods: Using CD4+ T cells from mouse spleens stimulated with the T cell receptor (TCR) or allogeneic antigen-presenting cells (APCs), we examined the differentiation of naïve T cells into T helper 1 (Th1), Th2, Th17, and regulatory T cells (Tregs), and their cytokine production during treatment by Korean Red Ginseng extract (KRGE) and/or CsA. The influence of KRGE on the allogeneic T cell response was evaluated by mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). We also evaluated whether signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and STAT5 are implicated in this regulation. Results: Under TCR stimulation, KRGE treatment did not affect the population of CD4+interferon gamma ($IFN{\gamma}$)+ and CD4+interleukin (IL)-4+ cells and their cytokine production compared with CsA alone. Under the Th17-polarizing condition, KRGE significantly reduced the number of CD4+IL-17+ cells and CD4+/phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3)+ cells, but increased the number of CD4+CD25+forkhead box P3 (Foxp3)+ cells and CD4+/p-STAT5+ cells compared with CsA alone. In allogeneic APCs-stimulated CD4+ T cells, KRGE significantly decreased total allogeneic T cell proliferation. Consistent with the effects of TCR stimulation, KRGE reduced the number of CD4+IL-17+ cells and increased the number of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cells under the Th17-polarizing condition. Conclusion: KRGE has immunological benefits through the reciprocal regulation of Th17 and Treg cells during CsA-induced immunosuppression.

천연자원으로부터 인삼 적변방제물질의 선발 II (Selection of Preventers for Rusty Ginseng Roots from Natural Resources II)

  • 신선희;반성희;우현정;양덕조
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • 제27권2호
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    • pp.66-71
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    • 2003
  • 천연생물자원으로부터 적변억제 효과가 우수한 ICPE-P$_{107}$R와 ICPE-C$_{105}$R을 선발하였고 실험 포장에서 1년생 묘삼을 식재하여 2년간에 걸친 인삼의 적변현상 억제 효과를 검증하였다. 그 결과 방제물질과 보조제를 조합한 방제물질 처리구에서 인삼의 생장이 우수하였는데 특히 ICPE-P$_{107}$R와 ICPE-C$_{105}$R에서는 건물중이 대조구의 1.15g dry wt. x ginsen$^{-1}$보다 더 많은 1.99g dry wt. 와 1.47g dry wt. 로 생장 증가를 나타내었다. 또한 적변 억제 효과에서 방제물질 ICPE-P$_{107}$R 와 ICPE-C$_{105}$W가 각각 20%, 13.3%로 대조구 58%에 비해 놀라울 정도로 높은 방제 효과를 나타냈으며 ICPE-C$_{105}$R, ICPE-C$_{105}$P에서도 16.7% 18.2%로 비교적 양호한 효과를 나타내었다. 총 ginenoside의 함량과 각 ginsenoside의 함량역시 모든 방제제 처리구에서 대조구보다 공히 더 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 특히 ICPE-C$_{105}$R, ICPE-P$_{107}$R 처리구에서는 대조구보다 조사한 ginsenoside의 종류와 총 함량에 있어서 모두 월등하게 더 높았다.

발효 미생물에 따른 인삼꽃의 항산화 활성 (Antioxidant Activity of Panax ginseng Flower-buds Fermented with Various Microorganisms)

  • 김경희;김다미;변명우;윤영식;육홍선
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제42권5호
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    • pp.663-669
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    • 2013
  • 인삼과 마찬가지로 많은 사포닌을 함유하고 있는 인삼꽃의 이용 가치를 증진시키기 위한 연구의 일환으로 Bacillus subtilis(BS), Lactobacillus plantarum(LP), Lactobacillus casei(LC), Candida utilis(CU), Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain CHY1011(Y1), Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain ZP 541(Y2), 혼합발효(M) 등의 여러 유용 미생물을 이용하여 인삼꽃을 발효시킨 후 미생물별 인삼꽃 발효물에 대한 항산화 활성 변화를 탐색하였다. 총 페놀함량 측정 결과 무발효 추출물은 인삼꽃 발효물에 비해 유의적(p<0.05)으로 높은 값을 보였으며, 발효 균주 중에서는 BS로 발효한 발효물이 가장 높은 값을 나타내었다. DPPH radical 소거활성 및 ABTS radical 소거활성 측정 결과 BS 발효물이 유의적으로 가장 높은 활성을 나타내었으나, FRAP value(10 mg/mL)는 무발효 추출물의 활성이 가장 높게 나왔으며 BS 발효물과는 유의차를 보이지 않았다. 환원력 측정 결과, 대체적으로 무발효 추출물에 비해 미생물 발효물에서 높은 활성을 나타내었으며 LC 발효물이 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 따라서 여러 유용미생물을 이용한 인삼꽃 발효의 경우 Bacillus subtilis를 이용하여 발효할 경우 다른 균주들을 이용하는 것보다 항산화 활성 증진에 우수한 효과를 나타낼 것으로 사료되며 다른 생리활성 증진 효과에 대한 연구가 좀 더 진행되어져야 할 것이다.

A Novel Alternaria Species Isolated from Peucedanum japonicum in Korea

  • Deng, Jian Xin;Cho, Hye Sun;Paul, Narayan Chandra;Lee, Hyang Burm;Yu, Seung Hun
    • Mycobiology
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    • 제42권1호
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    • pp.12-16
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    • 2014
  • We isolated and examined a new Alternaria sp., which causes leaf spots on Peucedanum japonicum in Korea, by using molecular and morphological methods. Phylogenetic analysis based on a combined internal transcribed spacer region analysis and two protein-coding genes (gpd and Alt a1) demonstrated that the causal fungus was most closely related to A. cinerariae and A. sonchi, and relevant to A. brassicae. However, conidial morphology indicated that it is a novel species within the genus Alternaria, and therefore we have assigned the fungus a new name in this study.