• 생태와환경
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.385-392
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• 2016

지리적 격리는 생태학적 특징의 차이를 유발한다. 지리적인 격리는 박쥐 종 내의 소리 차이의 원인으로 알려져 왔다. 본 연구는 관박쥐의 반향정위가 지리적 차이에 의해 차이가 있는지를 알기 위해 우리나라 섬(제주도)과 내륙에서 수행되었다 우리는 내륙과 섬(제주도)에서 관박쥐가 활동기간에 휴식처로 이용하는 것으로 알려진 폐광과 동굴을 연구 지역으로 선정하였다. 관박쥐의 Hand-held call과 Free-flying call을 녹음하였다. 녹음된 펄스(pulse)는 관박쥐의 Hand-held call과 Free-flying call을 녹음하였다. 분석 결과, 내륙에서 서식하는 관박쥐의 PF는 평균 69 kHz로 섬(제주도)에 서식하는 관박쥐의 PF (71 kHz)와 차이가 났다. 판별 분석 결과에서도 내륙과 섬의 반향정위는 차이를 보였다. 우리나라 관박쥐 개체군의 PF는 유럽(82 kHz)보다는 낮고, 일본(65 kHz)보다는 높았다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.100-105
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• 2017

Under natural conditions, black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), colonizes in warm temperate regions, and is active in Korea from May through October. Information on black soldier fly rearing, which is affected by seasonal factors in Korea, is limited. Oviposition by black soldier flies is dependent on light intensity and wavelength. Therefore, continuous mass rearing of this fly requires determination of optimal artificial conditions of illumination. In this study, we compared the number of eggs laid under an artificial light source (750 watt HPL lamp) versus nature sunlight. Our results showed that compared to oviposition under natural sunlight, the use of one or two lamps for 7 hours, resulted in only 43 and 76%, of the total number of eggs laid under natural sunlight, respectively. We also investigated the hatchability of oviposited eggs under artificial illumination and under natural sunlight. The hatching rate under the former was much significantly lower than under the latter. Further detailed research is required to develop methods for successful mass rearing of black soldier fly throughout the year by means of an indoor system.

• 천문학회보
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.51.3-51.3
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• 2019

Solar magnetograms are important for studying solar activity and predicting space weather disturbances1. Farside magnetograms can be constructed from local helioseismology without any farside data2-4, but their quality is lower than that of typical frontside magnetograms. Here we generate farside solar magnetograms from STEREO/Extreme UltraViolet Imager (EUVI) $304-{\AA}$ images using a deep learning model based on conditional generative adversarial networks (cGANs). We train the model using pairs of Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) $304-{\AA}$ images and SDO/Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) magnetograms taken from 2011 to 2017 except for September and October each year. We evaluate the model by comparing pairs of SDO/HMI magnetograms and cGAN-generated magnetograms in September and October. Our method successfully generates frontside solar magnetograms from SDO/AIA $304-{\AA}$ images and these are similar to those of the SDO/HMI, with Hale-patterned active regions being well replicated. Thus we can monitor the temporal evolution of magnetic fields from the farside to the frontside of the Sun using SDO/HMI and farside magnetograms generated by our model when farside extreme-ultraviolet data are available. This study presents an application of image-to-image translation based on cGANs to scientific data.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.148-155
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• 2022

Background: The use of dental floss along with a toothbrush is a well-known oral hygiene product that effectively removes dental plaque and reduces the risk of dental caries and periodontal disease. Despite the fact that various types of floss are being used, flossing methods based on the thread type are being taught. In addition, personal preference according to the floss types has not been investigated. In this study, individual preferences according to the floss types were investigated by experiencing various types of dental floss to both floss users and non-users. In addition, the change in intention to use dental floss in the future after flossing experience of non-users was investigated. Methods: General public participated in the individual interview survey (n=419). Subjects responded to the questionnaire after using all of the thread type, Y-type, and C-type floss. All statistics were expressed frequencies and percentages for categorical variables, and the chi-squared test was used to determine the statistical significance of associations between the variables. Results: As a result of the analysis, the preference of C-type floss was highest in both floss users and non-users. The biggest reason for not using dental floss was not knowing the necessity of flossing (36.4%). In addition, both floss users and non-users responded that C-type floss was suitable for flossing in the anterior and posterior regions. The change in the positive future intention to use dental floss after flossing experience of non-users was statistically significantly associated with age. Conclusion: This result suggests that there is a need to provide education on how to use dental floss in various forms. Based on this, it will be possible to lead a change in individual's attitude for future oral health through active and continuous flossing experience.

• 천문학회보
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.41.2-41.2
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• 2021

In this study, we generate He I 1083 nm images from Solar Dynamic Observatory (SDO)/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) images using a novel deep learning method (pix2pixHD) based on conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (cGAN). He I 1083 nm images from National Solar Observatory (NSO)/Synoptic Optical Long-term Investigations of the Sun (SOLIS) are used as target data. We make three models: single input SDO/AIA 19.3 nm image for Model I, single input 30.4 nm image for Model II, and double input (19.3 and 30.4 nm) images for Model III. We use data from 2010 October to 2015 July except for June and December for training and the remaining one for test. Major results of our study are as follows. First, the models successfully generate He I 1083 nm images with high correlations. Second, the model with two input images shows better results than those with one input image in terms of metrics such as correlation coefficient (CC) and root mean squared error (RMSE). CC and RMSE between real and AI-generated ones for the model III with 4 by 4 binnings are 0.84 and 11.80, respectively. Third, AI-generated images show well observational features such as active regions, filaments, and coronal holes. This work is meaningful in that our model can produce He I 1083 nm images with higher cadence without data gaps, which would be useful for studying the time evolution of chromosphere and coronal holes.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제23권2호통권98호
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• pp.195-204
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• 2007

The objective of this study was to analyze dietitians' sanitary practices and perceptions of obstacles according to HACCP. Questionnaires were administered to 94 elementary school dietitians in the Gwangju and Jeonnam Regions of South Korea. The data were evaluated by a 5 scale Likert method and statistically analyzed The results of the study are as follows. Each subject was generally characterized as a university graduate 79.8%, with 10 to 15 years experience 37.6%, and in her mid to late thirties 39.4%. We found that direct management was the highest occurring form of food service system 96.8%. With regards to the type of food service operation quantitative service as 60.6%, and partial self-service was 30.9%, 89.4%of all served only lunch. In all, 93.6% of the teams collaborated, while their organic collaboration was 64.9%. When HACCP was applied, sanitary practices scored an average of 4.83, which was significantly higher than 4.62 when HACCP was not applied. The dietitians' perception of sanitary practices was as very high 4.75 of 5. Sanitation, in regards to food management, scored 4.89 among the detailed items. This proves that in relation to food management, sanitation is considered most important. When HACCP was not applied, the perception of obstacles was, on an average, 3.07, which was higher than 2.74 when HACCP was applied. The results for the detailed items, which focused on sanitary practices and different perceptions of obstacles according to HACCP, were as follows. When HACCP was applied, a high mean of 3.32 occurred for facilities and utilities shortages followed by degree of cooperation at 3.22, and then monitoring at 3.01. The item that dietitians viewed as the biggest obstacle was lack of departmental budget support (M=3.46). Other serious obstacles were facilities, facility sanitation, and utility shortages (M=3.38), as well as the aappropriateness of machines and cooking utensils and arrangements in the dining room (M=3.28). Stepwise multiple regression was used to better understand how much these perceptions of obstacles would influence sanitary practices when HACCP was applied. The item analysis of the HACCP obstacles proved that persons involved in food service, except the food service employees, didn't cooperate enough with their food service employees. As a result, this lack of cooperation had a negative effect on sanitary practices. Accordingly, it is necessary to determine the causes of for lack of cooperation and attract the active attention of those involved.

• 기술혁신학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.98-120
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• 2007

본 연구는 현재 우리나라의 혁신클러스터 역할을 수행하고 있는 대덕특구와 7개 산업단지 혁신클러스터를 대상으로 이들 클러스터간의 기술혁신활동의 연계관계를 대덕특구를 중심으로 분석하고자 한다. 이를 위해 대덕특구가 기술혁신 역량을 가지고 있는 것으로 보이는 주요 기술을 도출하며, 이 기술분야를 대상으로 한국의 최근 등록특허 중 공동발명을 통해 이루어진 특허를 추출하고 연계행렬을 구성하여 지역간 혁신활동의 연계관계를 계량적 시각적으로 도출하고자 한다. 이를 통해 대덕특구의 주요 기술분야별로 타 클러스터와의 기술혁신 연계관계를 계량적으로 분석하고, 이러한 분석에 기초하여 타 를러스터와의 기술협력 방향을 제시하고자 한다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제44권9호
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• pp.658-669
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• 2021

Enhancers have been conventionally perceived as cis-acting elements that provide binding sites for trans-acting factors. However, recent studies have shown that enhancers are transcribed and that these transcripts, called enhancer RNAs (eRNAs), have a regulatory function. Here, we identified putative eRNAs by profiling and determining the overlap between noncoding RNA expression loci and eRNA-associated histone marks such as H3K27ac and H3K4me1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines. Of the 132 HCC-derived noncoding RNAs, 74 overlapped with the eRNA loci defined by the FANTOM consortium, and 65 were located in the proximal regions of genes differentially expressed between normal and tumor tissues in TCGA dataset. Interestingly, knockdown of two selected putative eRNAs, THUMPD3-AS1 and LINC01572, led to downregulation of their target mRNAs and to a reduction in the proliferation and migration of HCC cells. Additionally, the expression of these two noncoding RNAs and target mRNAs was elevated in tumor samples in the TCGA dataset, and high expression was associated with poor survival of patients. Collectively, our study suggests that noncoding RNAs such as THUMPD3-AS1 and LINC01572 (i.e., putative eRNAs) can promote the transcription of genes involved in cell proliferation and differentiation and that the dysregulation of these noncoding RNAs can cause cancers such as HCC.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.343-354
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• 2014

Rice blast disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most serious diseases of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) in most rice-growing regions of the world. In order to investigate early response genes in rice, we utilized the transcriptome analysis approach using a 300 K tilling microarray to rice leaves infected with compatible and incompatible M. oryzae strains. Prior to the microarray experiment, total RNA was validated by measuring the differential expression of rice defense-related marker genes (chitinase 2, barwin, PBZ1, and PR-10) by RT-PCR, and phytoalexins (sakuranetin and momilactone A) with HPLC. Microarray analysis revealed that 231 genes were up-regulated (>2 fold change, p < 0.05) in the incompatible interaction compared to the compatible one. Highly expressed genes were functionally characterized into metabolic processes and oxidation-reduction categories. The oxidative stress response was induced in both early and later infection stages. Biotic stress overview from MapMan analysis revealed that the phytohormone ethylene as well as signaling molecules jasmonic acid and salicylic acid is important for defense gene regulation. WRKY and Myb transcription factors were also involved in signal transduction processes. Additionally, receptor-like kinases were more likely associated with the defense response, and their expression patterns were validated by RT-PCR. Our results suggest that candidate genes, including receptor-like protein kinases, may play a key role in disease resistance against M. oryzae attack.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제17권9호통권89호
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• pp.1182-1190
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• 2007

연부균인 Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum LY34로부터 이소아밀라제 유전자 (glgX)를 클로닝한 후 대장균 숙주에서 발현시켰다. 이 효소는 ${\alpha}-1$,6-글루코시드 결합을 가수분해하였으나 ${\alpha}-1$,4-글루코시드 결합은 가수분해 하지 못하였다. 유전자는 658개의 아미노산을 암호화하는 1,977개의 DNA 염기서열로 이루어져 있었고 이 유전자에 의해 암호화되는 아미노산 서열을 다른 아밀라제 효소들과 비교한 결과 이소아밀라제 유전자와 유사하였으며 4개의 보존 지역을 확인하였다. SDS-PAGE에 의해 확인된 단백질의 크기는 약 74 kDa 이었다. 효소 활성은 pH 7.0, $40^{\circ}C$에서 가장 높은 활성을 나타났으며 $Ca^{2+}$ 첨가로 활성이 증가되었다. 이 효소의 보존되어 있는 아미노산 중에 글루탐산 370번, 아스파르트산 335번 및 442번 잔기를 알라닌으로 치환시킨 결과 활성이 약해졌다. 이 결과로부터 이들 잔기들이 효소활성에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 추정된다.