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Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of HPV Vaccination: Comparing the General Population with Socially Vulnerable Individuals

  • Han, Kyu-Tae;Kim, Sun Jung;Lee, Seo Yoon;Park, Eun-Cheol
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제15권19호
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    • pp.8503-8508
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    • 2014
  • Background: After the WHO recommended HPV vaccination of the general population in 2009, government support of HPV vaccination programs was increased in many countries. However, this policy was not implemented in Korea due to perceived low cost-effectiveness. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the cost-utility of HPV vaccination programs targeted to high risk populations as compared to vaccination programs for the general population. Materials and Methods: Each study population was set to 100,000 people in a simulation study to determine the incremental cost-utility ratio (ICUR), then standard prevalence rates, cost, vaccination rates, vaccine efficacy, and the Quality-Adjusted Life-Years (QALYs) were applied to the analysis. In addition, sensitivity analysis was performed by assuming discounted vaccination cost. Results: In the socially vulnerable population, QALYs gained through HPV vaccination were higher than that of the general population (General population: 1,019, Socially vulnerable population: 5,582). The results of ICUR showed that the cost of HPV vaccination was higher for the general population than the socially vulnerable population. (General population: 52,279,255 KRW, Socially vulnerable population: 9,547,347 KRW). Compared with 24 million KRW/QALYs as the social threshold, vaccination of the general population was not cost-effective. In contrast, vaccination of the socially vulnerable population was strongly cost-effective. Conclusions: The results suggest the importance and necessity of government support of HPV vaccination programs targeted to socially vulnerable populations because a targeted approach is much more cost-effective. The implementation of government support for such vaccination programs is a critical strategy for decreasing the burden of HPV infection in Korea.

국내 간호대학과 간호전문대학의 교양교육과정 비교분석 연구 (A Comparison on General Education Curriculum of 4-year and 3-year Nursing Schools in Korea)

  • 김숙영;정선이;황청일
    • 대한간호학회지
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    • 제41권1호
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    • pp.101-109
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    • 2011
  • Purpose: This study was done to comparatively analyze the general education curriculum of 4-yr and 3-yr nursing schools in Korea. Methods: Ten university 4-yr nursing schools were selected based on universities in Korean Accreditation Board of Nursing 2010 or "2009 Korea's Best Universities-Top 10" published by Joong-Ang Daily. Ten college 3-yr nursing schools were selected based on colleges in Korean Accreditation Board of Nursing 2010. Results: 1) Generally 4-yr nursing schools maintained the relationships between organizational philosophy/purposes and subjects in the general education curriculum. But 3-yr nursing schools did not. 2) In 4-yr nursing schools there was a relatively higher credits ratio of general education curriculum and selective courses than in 3-yr nursing schools. 3) In 4-yr nursing schools variety of courses was relatively higher than 3-yr nursing schools. 4) In 4-yr nursing schools, operating conditions were relatively better (number of tenure professors, ratio of professors to students, Identification of exclusive organization in charge of the general education curriculum) for the general education curriculum than 3-yr nursing schools. Conclusion: The results identify significant differences in the general education curriculum of 4-yr and 3-yr nursing schools in Korea, indicating that 3-yr nursing schools should make efforts to improve the good quality of general education curriculum.

미국의 공과대학 교양교육과정에 대한 비교 연구 (The Comparative Study about General Education Curriculum of Engineering College in the United states)

  • 김명랑;박혜영;장선영
    • 공학교육연구
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    • 제10권1호
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    • pp.5-19
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    • 2007
  • 공과대학은 다른 인문, 사회 계열과는 달리 교양교육과정이 전공과정과 뚜렷하게 구분되기 때문에 어떤 형태와 내용으로 구성되어 있느냐에 따라 학생의 학습 성과(outcomes)에 많은 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 또한 한국의 공과대학에서는 공학교육인증(ABEEK) 시행에 따라 그 기준에 부합하는 교양교육과정을 구성하는 방법상의 문제에 많은 혼란이 있어 왔다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 미국의 우수한 공과대학으로 꼽히고 있는 스탠포드대학교(Stanford University), 메사추세스공과대학(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), 로즈헐맨공과대학(Rose-hulman Institute of technology)과 프린스턴대학교(Princeton University)와 미시간대학교(Michigan University-Ann Arbor) 그리고 펜실베이니아 주립대학교(Pennsylvania State University)와 캔자스주립대학교(kansas state University)의 교양교육과정을 비교하여 한국 공과대학 교양교육과정 구성에 시사점을 찾기 위해 구현방식과 학문적 영역상의 특성을 분석하여 제시하였다.

방출성 요추 골절로 인한 척수손상 환자에 대해 매선요법을 가미한 한방치료를 시행한 치험례 (Case study of Oriental Medicine Treatment with Mae-sun therapy of the spinal cord injury due to lumbar burst fracture)

  • 권기순;박정아;노주환;김철홍
    • 대한약침학회지
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    • 제13권1호
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    • pp.129-144
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    • 2010
  • Objective : Traumatic lumbar burst fracture causes significant spinal cord injury. This report is intended to estimate the efficacy using oriental treatment on a patient with lumbar burst fracture and spinal cord injury. Methods : From 21th December, 2009 to 5th February, 2010, 1 female inpatient diagnosed with lumbar burst fracture and spinal cord injury was treated with general oriental medicine therapy : mae-sun therapy ; acupuncture ; moxibustion ; pharmacopuncture ; physical therapy and herbal medication. TUG, SCIMII and VAS were used for evaluation of gait disturbance and pain in both feet. Measurement of self voiding amount and remaining amount through CIC was used for evaluation of neurogenic vesical dysfunction. Results : The patient showed a certain degree of improvement in gait disturbance, pain in both feet and neurogenic vesical dysfunction through above evaluation methods. Conclusion : Oriental treatments such as mae-sun therapy, acupuncture and moxibustion therapy, pharmacopuncture therapy and herbal medication can be effective for spinal cord injury due to traumatic lumbar burst fracture.

Perceived Relevance of Educative Information on Public (Skin) Health: A Cross-sectional Questionnaire Survey

  • Haluza, Daniela;Cervinka, Renate
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • 제46권2호
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    • pp.82-88
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    • 2013
  • Objectives: Unprotected leisure time exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun or artificial tanning beds is the most important environmental risk factor for melanoma, a malignant skin cancer with increasing incidences over the past decades. The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of skin health information provided by several sources and different publishing issues on knowledge, risk perception, and sun protective behavior of sunbathers. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among Austrian residents (n=563) spending leisure time outdoors in August 2010. Results: Print media, television, and family were perceived as the most relevant sources of information on skin health, whereas the source physician was only ranked as fourth important source. Compared to other sources, information provided by doctors positively influenced participants' knowledge on skin risk and sun protective behavior resulting in higher scores in the knowledge test (p=0.009), higher risk perception (p<0.001), and more sun protection (p<0.001). Regarding gender differences, internet was more often used by males as health information source, whereas females were more familiar with printed information material in general. Conclusions: The results of this survey put emphasis on the demand for information provided by medical professionals in order to attain effective, long-lasting promotion of photoprotective habits.