• Title/Summary/Keyword: Sulfur media

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FACTORS AFFECTING THE PRODUCTION OF SULFUR COMPOUNDS BY FUSOBACTERIUM NUCLEATUM (Fusobacterium nucleatum의 유황화합물 생성에 영향을 미치는 인자)

  • Oh, In-Gyun;Park, Eun-Hae;Oh, Jong-Suk;Yang, Kyu-Ho
    • Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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    • v.30 no.1
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    • pp.33-40
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    • 2003
  • Fusobacterium nucleatum, one of the bacteria causing halitosis, produces the volatile sulfur compounds (VSC) such as $H_2S$ in the media containing sulfur components, and forms FeS by binding with iron component. The various factors of oral cavity affect the concentration of sulfur compounds produced by Fusobacterium nucleatum. In this study, the effect of nutrients and pH on the production of sulfur compounds by Fusobacterium nucleatum was studied with the following results. 1. The optical density of broth was increased to $0.817{\pm}0.032$ and $1.297{\pm}0.024$ by adding 1.0% sodium thiosulfate and 0.05% L-cysteine hydrochloride in the media, respectively. 2. Though the optical density of broth was $0.799{\pm}0.032$ by adding volatile sulfur compounds (VSC) only in the media, it was increased to $1.775{\pm}0.003$ and $1.648{\pm}0.022$ by adding xylitol combined with glucose and fructose, respectively. 3. The concentration of VSC was above 20,000 ppb in the media above pH 5.5. The optical density of broth was still high in the media with L-cysteine hydrochloride of higher concentration, being low in the media of lower pH. 4. The concentration of VSC was high when there was distilled water or saline solution on the media, and their amount was small. These results suggest that the production of sulfur compounds by Fusobacterium nucleatum was inhibited by xylitol and acid.

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Complex odor removal in pilot-scale biofilter with microorganisms immobilized on polymer gel media (미생물 포괄고정화 담체를 적용한 파일럿 스케일 바이오필터에서의 복합악취 제거)

  • Kim, Sun-Jin;Kim, Tae-Hyeong;Lee, Yun-Hee;Jang, Hyun-Sup;Song, Ji-Hyeon;Hwang, Sun-Jin
    • Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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    • v.25 no.5
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    • pp.741-750
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    • 2011
  • A pilot-scale biofilter was constructed to discover degradation characteristics of the complex odor discharged from Ansan wastewater treatment plant. Candida tropicalis for volatile organic compounds, sulfur oxidizing bacteria(SOB) for hydrogen sulfide, and bacteria extracted from feces soil were immobilized on a polymer gel media. According to this study, the EBCT was varied from 36 sec to 18 sec. Toluene was removed as 80% along the variations, but it was recovered as 100% within 1 week. All benzene and xylene were removed during the operation while the efficiency of hydrogen sulfur was temporary decreased at 18 sec of EBCT, thereafter it was recovered to 100% within a week. The maximum elimination capacities of the benzene, toluene, xylene, and hydrogen sulfur were 6.6 g/$m^{3}$/hr, 31.7 g/$m^{3}$/hr, 7.8 g/$m^{3}$/hr, and 133.6 g/$m^{3}$/hr, respectively. There were merits on removal both organic and inorganic complex odor using the pilot-scale biofilter embedded with microorganisms immobilized on polymer gel media.

Nitrogen Removal Comparison in Porous Ceramic Media Packed-Bed Reactors by a Consecutive Nitrification and Denitrification Process

  • Han, Gee-Bong;Woo, Mi-Hee
    • Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.16 no.4
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    • pp.231-236
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    • 2011
  • Biological nitrogen removal, using a continuous flow packed-bed reactor (CPBR) in a consecutive nitrification and denitrification process, was evaluated. An apparent decline in the nitrification efficiency coincided with the steady increase in $NH_4{^+}$-N load. Sustained nitrification efficiency was found to be higher at longer empty bed contact times (EBCTs). The relationship between the rate of alkalinity consumption and $NH_4{^+}$-N utilization ratio followed zero-order reaction kinetics. The heterotrophic denitrification rate at a carbon-tonitrogen (C/N) ratio of >4 was found to be >74%. This rate was higher by a factor of 8.5 or 8.9 for $NO_3{^-}$-N/volatile solids (VS)/day or $NO_3{^-}-N/m^3$ ceramic media/day, respectively, relative to the rates measured at a C/N ratio of 1.1. Autotrophic denitrification efficiencies were 80-90%. It corresponds to an average denitrification rate of 0.96 kg $NO_3{^-}-N/m^3$ ceramic media/day and a relevant average denitrification rate of 0.28 g $NO_3{^-}$-N/g VS/day, were also obtained. Results presented here also constitute the usability of an innovative porous sulfur ceramic media. This enhanced the dissolution rate of elemental sulfur via a higher contact surface area.

Growth Characteristics of Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans in Different Sulfur Concentrations (황 농도에 따른 Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans의 생장 특성)

  • Lee, Eun-Young;Cho, Kyung-Suk;Ryu, Hee-Wook
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.34 no.4
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    • pp.338-341
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    • 2006
  • The growth characteristics of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans AZ11, MET, and TAS were investigated in mineral salt media supplemented with elemental sulfur of 1$\sim$50 g $L^{-1}$. The sulfur oxidation rates of A. thiooxidans. MET and TAS increased highly with increasing sulfur concentration up to 10 g L$^{-1}$, but the rates increased slowly in sulfur concentration over 10 g L$^{-1}$. A. thiooxidans AZ11 showed the parallel increase of sulfur oxidation rate until sulfur concentration increased up to 40 g L$^{-1}$. The maximum sulfur oxidation rates (V$_{max}$) of AZl1, MET and TAS were 1.88, 1.38 and 0.43 g S L$^{-1}$ d$^{-1}$, respectively. The maximum specific growth rates (${\mu}_{max}$) of AZ11, MET, and TAS were 0.33 d$^{-1}$, 0.30 d$^{-1}$ and 0.45 d$^{-1}$, respectively. Although MET and TAS couldn't grow at sulfate concentration of 40 g L$^{-1}$, AZ11 could grow in the presence of 58 g L$^{-1}$ sulfate, the final oxidation product of elemental sulfur.

A study on the Effect of SOB(Sulfur-Oxidizing Bacteria) Media on the Removal of Hydrogen Sulfide in Water of Septic Tank (SOB(Sulfur Oxidizing Bacteria) Media가 정화조의 수중황화수소 제거에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구)

  • Song, Homyeon;Cho, Jeongil;Kim, Taeksoo;Kwon, Sucheol;Yu, Hyeongsik
    • Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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    • v.27 no.1
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    • pp.59-67
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    • 2013
  • The odor occurring in the sewage system induces the displeasure, the disgust such as the headache, the vomit, etc. and increases the spiritual stress and disturbs the pleasant life of residents. These odors occur mainly in the area of combined sewage system treatment, being created in the personal sewage treatment plant such as septic tank and are incoming to sewage pipes and emitted to the outside through the manhole and the receiver, etc.; and this causes odors to the people. The Hydrogen Sulfide, the Methyl Mercaptan, the Ammonia, etc. are materials causing the odor, the more serious issue of odor is occurring since the septic tank of degradation process is being applied. The primary cause of odor is the decomposition of human feces in the septic tanks and sewage disposal facilities. The purpose of this study is reduction of hydrogen sulfide using air supplying and SOB(Sulfur-Oxidizing Bacteria). As a result of this study of the air supply system and the SOB media equipment by air supply, in case the air is injected to SOB media compared to the injection of air only, the removal efficiency the hydrogen sulfide was average 3.4 times higher.

Removal of Hydrogen Sulfide by Biofilter Media (담체 종류에 따른 황화수소의 제거특성)

  • Cha, Gyusuk
    • Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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    • v.8 no.4
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    • pp.41-45
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    • 2007
  • It is very important that selection of packing media with large surface area, high limited back pressure in biofilter. The object of this study is the isolation of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria and the removal of hydrogen sulfide in biofilter by media. This investigation led to the following results: 1) we isolated Thiobacillus sp. IW. at an abandoned coal mine in Hwasun, Jeonnam Province. 2) The inorganic media showed better results than the organic media from experiments looking at removal characteristics and changes in pressure drop using various media. 3) Among the inorganic media, fibril and PU media showed best performance.

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Nitrogen Removal Performance at Various DO Concentrations in the Bioreactor Packed with Submerged Cilia Media and Granular Sulfur (DO농도 조절에 따른 황 충전 섬모상 반응조의 질소제거 성능 변화)

  • Moon, Jin-Young;Hwang, Yong-Woo
    • Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.519-526
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    • 2006
  • In this study, the major operating factors in SND(simultaneous nitrification and denitrification) using bioreactor packed with submerged cilia media and granular sulfur such as variation of nitrification rate, organic matter removal efficiency and denitrification efficiency in different DO concentration were mainly evaluated. Synthetic wastewater and actual sewage were used as influent wastewater. Experiment with synthetic wastewater as influent wastewater was divided into three phases with the adjustment of DO concentration. As the results, nitrification efficiency and T-N removal efficiency in the Phase 3(DO 1.0~2.0 mg/L) were 99% and 52.3%, which is significantly greater than those in other two phases. Also, loading rate and denitrification efficiency of SCPGS(Submerged Cilia media Packed with Granular Sulfur) were calculated as $0.44kg\;NO_3^--N/m^3-day$ and 50%, respectively. On the other hand, nitrification rate was decreased from 99% to 64% according to the DO concentration with the variation from 3.0~3.5 mg/L(phase1) to 0.4~0.6mg/L(phase2). Although the nitrification rate was decreased in 64% according to the variation of the DO concentration, T-N removal rate was rapidly increased to 49% by increasing of the denitrification efficiency. Experiment with actual sewage as influent wastewater was carried out to evaluate efficiency of SCPGS in real operation condition of full-scale sewage water treatment plant. At the time, T-N removal rate in this experiment and full-scale wastewater treatment plants were given by 43% and 20%, respectively. The above results indicate that SCPGS can be used as an advanced treatment process for economical efficiency considered.

An Estimation on the Efficiency of Utilization of Sulfur Coated Urea and Diuredio Isobutane in Vitro (In Vitro에 의한 유황피복요소(硫黃被覆尿素)와 Diuredio Isobutane의 이용효과(利用效果) 판정(判定))

  • Lee, Ho-Il;Rhee, Jae-Ku;Choi, In-Hyuk
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.111-114
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    • 1982
  • In order to explore more efficient protein substitutes by improving the utilization of non-protein nitrogen compounds in ruminants, the experiment was undertaken. The effects of sulfur coated urea (SCU) and diuredio isobutane (DUIB) in the ruminal fluid on the concentration of $NH_3-N$, the total count of the ruminal ciliates and pH value were estimated in vitro. The results obtained from the experiment were as follows: 1. The pH of the media of the group added diuredio isobutane and sulfur costed urea tends to decrease slightly at 9 hours after the incubation, but no pH changes were observed in the media added urea alone. 2. The number of the ciliates in the ruminal fluid was slightly increased 9 hours after the incubation in all groups. 3. The concentrations of $NH_3-N$ in the ruminal fluid were gradually increased according to the incubation in vitro showing 418, 431 and $627{\mu}g/ml$ in the group added diuredio isobutane and 428, 569 and $792{\mu}g/ml$ in the group added sulfur coated urea at 0, 0.5 and 9 hours after the incubation, respectively.

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Suppression of Melanose Caused by Diaporthe citri on Citrus Leaves Pretreated with Bio-sulfur

  • Shin, Yong Ho;Ko, Eun Ju;Kim, Su Jeong;Hyun, He Nam;Jeun, Yong Chull
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • v.35 no.5
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    • pp.417-424
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    • 2019
  • Melanose, caused by Diaporthe citri, is one of severe diseases in citrus, a major economic resource in Jeju island. To reduce the usage amount of organic synthetic fungicide, bio-sulfur was tested as an alternative chemical to control citrus melanose in the present study. Direct antifungal activity of bio-sulfur against D. citri was determined through in vitro experiment using artificial nutrient media. Disease severity of melanose on bio-sulfur pretreated citrus leaves was lower than that on untreated ones. To illustrate the mechanism of disease suppression by bio-sulfur, infection structures were observed with a fluorescent microscope and a scanning electron microscope. In fluorescent microscopic observation, most conidia rarely germinated. In addition, hyphal growth on leaves pretreated with bio-sulfur was inhibited compared to that on untreated ones. In scanning electron microscope images of bio-sulfur pretreated leaves, surfaces of most conidia were shrunk while hyphae were morphologically changed and frequently branched. Such microscopic observations were also found for leaves pretreated with a commercial fungicide Dithianon. These results suggest that bio-sulfur may be used to control citrus melanose as an environment friendly alternative to organic synthetic fungicides

Influence of Reactive Media Composition and Chemical Oxygen Demand as Methanol on Autotrophic Sulfur Denitrification

  • Qambrani, Naveed Ahmed;Oh, Sang-Eun
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.22 no.8
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    • pp.1155-1160
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    • 2012
  • Sulfur-utilizing autotrophic denitrification relies on an inorganic carbon source to reduce the nitrate by producing sulfuric acid as an end product and can be used for the treatment of wastewaters containing high levels of nitrates. In this study, sulfur-denitrifying bacteria were used in anoxic batch tests with sulfur as the electron donor and nitrate as the electron acceptor. Various medium components were tested under different conditions. Sulfur denitrification can drop the medium pH by producing acid, thus stopping the process half way. To control this mechanism, a 2:1 ratio of sulfur to oyster shell powder was used. Oyster shell powder addition to a sulfur-denitrifying reactor completely removed the nitrate. Using 50, 100, and 200 g of sulfur particles, reaction rate constants of 5.33, 6.29, and $7.96mg^{1/2}/l^{1/2}{\cdot}h$ were obtained, respectively; and using 200 g of sulfur particles showed the highest nitrate removal rates. For different sulfur particle sizes ranging from small (0.85-2.0 mm), medium (2.0-4.0 mm), and large (4.0-4.75 mm), reaction rate constants of 31.56, 10.88, and $6.23mg^{1/2}/l^{1/2}{\cdot}h$ were calculated. The fastest nitrate removal rate was observed for the smallest particle size. Addition of chemical oxygen demand (COD), methanol as the external carbon source, with the autotrophic denitrification in sufficiently alkaline conditions, created a balance between heterotrophic denitrification (which raises the pH) and sulfur-utilizing autotrophic denitrification, which lowers the pH.