• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.192-198
• /
• 1990

Three sugar glass dispersions of sulfamerazine were prepared using dextrose, galactose and sucrose as the carriers, with the ratio of the drug to the carrier was 1:9. The chemical stability of sulfamerazine in the glass dispersion system was studied using TLC. TLC revealed no additional spot and there was good correspondence with the Sulfamerazine itself. While time required to dissolve 50%($T_{50%}$) of sulfamerazine powder was 390 min that of dextrose glass dispersion system was 1.5 min. and galactose system was 4.0 min. in distilled water. 23) $T_{50%}$ of physical mixture with dextrose, galactose and sucrose were 26.4 min., 26.5 min., and 26.0 min. respectively in distilled water. $T_{50%}$ of control was 54 min. and those of all of the glass dispersion systems were within 1 min. in 0.1N HCl. The dissolution rates of sulfamerazine from sugar glass dispersion system in distilled water was greater than that in 0.1N HCl.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.163-169
• /
• 1996

The focus of this study was to investigate the suitable analytical methods for measurement of sulfamerazine and its metabolite in shrimp hepatopancreas and tail tissue, in addition to the methods for the optimization of solid-phase extraction cartridge conditions and the elucidation of sulfamerazine concentrations in aqueous buffer using HPLC with UV and EC detectors. Compared with UV detector the EC detector appears to be 10 times more sensitive than that of the UV detector. After the shrimp was exposed to 10 ppm sulfamerazine, the accumulation levels of sulfamerazine and its metabolite in tail tissue, which is edible portion, were considerably lower than 0.1 ppm. The data indicate that sulfamerazine continues to be a candidate for use at levels of sulfamerazine concentration used in aquaculture of shrimp.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.213-217
• /
• 1995

A screening method has been developed for detecting sulfamethazine(SMZ) contamination of meat or feeds by using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) labeled protein A (Prot AHRP)and an indirect competitve enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The assay is based on competitve binding of guinea pig anti-SMZ with SMZ in smaple and SMZ-gelatin conjugate(SMZ.GEL). Percent binding (B.Bo$\times$100) was calculated from the absorbance in the absence (B0) and presence (B) of SMZ. By the sandard curve prepared by plotting log(SMZ) vs percent binding of each known reference solution, the detection limit was 1.0ppb or less. Cross reacton with sulfadimethoxine, sulfaguaniding, sulfamerazine, sulfamthoxpyridazine, sulfanilamide, sulfisomidine and sufisoxazole were not observed. But sulfamerazine crossreacted in the test. The EC-50 value (concentration causing 50% inhibition of color development compared with blank) of sulfamerazine was 2.0 ppm. Further quality control will make the ELISA system ideal for the detection of SMZ in meat or feeds.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.221-225
• /
• 1994

This survey was carried out to determine five sulfonamide(sulfamerazine, sulfamethazine, sulfadimethoxine, sulfamonomethoxine, sulfaquinoxaline) residues in beef, pork, chicken and swine kidney. For this survey, 30 samples of beef, 15 samples of chicken, 10 samples of pork and 10 samples of swine kidney were collected in Chonnam from June, 1992 to June, 1993, and were analyzed by HPLC. The recoveries of sulfamerazine, sulfamethazine, sulfamonomethoxine, sulfadimethoxine, and sulfaquinoxaline in spiked samples between $0.25{\sim}1.00$ ppm were 71.7%, 80.3%, 71.6%, 70.9%, 68.4%, respectively. None of 65 samples which were examined exceeded 0.1 ppm. Of 15 chicken muscle samples, 2 samples exceeded 0.05 ppm in sulfamerazine (0.077 ppm) and sulfamethazine (0.075 ppm), respectively. Of 10 swine kidney samples, 1 sample exceeded 0.05 ppm in sulfadimethoxine (0.052 ppm). And sulfanilamide concentration of swine kidney were higher than pork.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.55-63
• /
• 1993

A simultaneous determination method by HPLC for egg-residues sulfamerazine, sulfamethazine, sulfadimethoxine, furazolidone and zoalene was assesed. The drugs were extracted by dechloromethane, The extract after solvent evaporation, is partitioning in hex ane/water and back-partitioning in dechloromethane and analysis by HPLC. The average recovery rates of the above microbials from the egg spiked standard solution were approximately 81.2%, 87.6%, 92.5%. 86.1% and 79.3% respectively. The limit of detection of sulfamerazine. sulfamethazine and sulfamethoxine were in the levels of 0.2ppb, furazolidone and zoalene 0.5ppb respectively. According to this method 84 commercial eggs were examined. Sulfamethanzine was detected at levels of 0.005-0.008ppm in 3 eggs. Sulfadimethoxine was detected at levels of 0.012-0.019ppm in 4 eggs. No sulfamerazine, furazolidone and zoalene was detected in every samples. The residues of antimicrobial agent were safety level as food generally.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.13 no.2_3
• /
• pp.97-100
• /
• 1969

As a part of an effort to find a relationship between metal chelation and its chemotherapeutic activity change for sulfa drugs, Sulfadimethoxine, Sulfamerazine Sulfamethoxy-pyridazine-Cu(II) complex compounds were studied through IR spectra.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.13-28
• /
• 1995

This study was carried out to explore the most sensitive and useful method for simultaneous determination of five sulfa drugs(sulfamethazine, sulfamerazine, sulfamonomethoxine, sulfadimethoxine, sulfaquinoxaline) in livestock productions(pork muscle, bovine muscle, chicken muscle, milk ) by HPLC with UV detector and reverse phase column. The results obtained were as follows：1. For mobile phase acetonitrile-0.01M ammonium acetate (23：77) showed more applicable sensitivity and retention times than acetonitrile-1% acetic acid(23：77). Thus acetonitrile-0.01M ammonium acetate(23：77) selected and applied to the modification test, from which it was found pH 6.75 was the most adequate. 2. Optimal wavelength of UV for SMT(sulfamethazine), SMR(sulfamerazine), SMM(sulfamonomethoxine), SD(sulfadimethoxine), and SQ(sulfaquinoxaline) were 266, 266, 265, 269 and 250nm, respectively, and that for simultaneous application it was 263nm. 3. The average recovery rate by extractant(chloroform, dichloromethane, chlorform+dich-loromethane) in the classic method was not significantly different(p>0.05) but that by chloroform higher than the others. Thus chloroform was found to be adequate as extractant in this classic method. 4. The average recovery rate was 86.5% by the MSPD(matrix solid phase disperse) method, which was significantly higher than that by the classic method(p<0.05). Also the recovery rates by method were significantly different(p<0.05) in accordance with sample and type of drug. The MSPD method was much superior to classic method on clean-up.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.285-294
• /
• 2002

The present studies were carried out to determine antibiotics residues in pork and beef muscles by EEC-4-plate and HPLC. A total of 2,534 samples of pork muscles and 1,070 samples of beef muscles from slaughter houses were collected in Gyeongnam area from January to December, 2001. The results were summarized as follows; 1. Recovery rates of TCs, Sulfa drug, Penicillin G from fortified pork and beef muscles ranged as 68.79～98.24%, 78.21～94.58% and penicillin G 63.35～67.24% respectively, by HPLC. 2. Antibiotics residues were detected in 36 sample(1.42%) of pork muscles, 29 sample (2.71%) of beef muscles by EEC-4-plate. 3. Detection rate of antibiotic residues 14 samples(0.55%) and 26 samples(2.43%), in pork and beef muscles, respectively by HPLC. Concentration of residues in 22 sample(2.06%) of beef muscle were higher than tolerance level in korea. 4. Antibiotics detected were sulfamethazine(47.37%), tetracycline(15.79%), oxytetracycline (15.79%), penicillin G(15.79%), sulfamerazine(5.26%) in pork muscle samples and oxyteracycline (37.21%), penicillin G(30.23%), sulfamethazine(20.93%), tetracycline(4.65%), sulfamerazine (2.33%), sulfadimethoxine(2.33%), sulfaquinoxine(2.33%) in beef muscle samples.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.9 no.1_2
• /
• pp.4-7
• /
• 1965

Acid dissociation constants of sulfamethoxypyridazine, sulfadimethoxine, sulfamerazine, sulfathiazole and sulfadiazine, and stability constants for formation of copper chelate were calculated from their titration curves in 80% dimethylformamide with ionic strength 0.1 at $25{\deg}$ It was found that the acid dissociation constants (pKa) of sulfa-drugs were in the range of 9.33 - 10.05, and the stability constants (log $k_{1}$, $k_{2})$ of their copper chelates were in the range of 9.33-9.71.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.12 no.1_2
• /
• pp.16-31
• /
• 1968

Comparative studies were made on some sulfonamides, used individually and combined with parasympatholytic agents as regards (1) the absorption rate through isolated rat small intestine (in vitro), (2) the absorption rate through rat small intestine (in vivo), and (3) the blood concentration of sulfonamides were examined by its oral administration with each combined drug to rabbits, and the following effects were found, parasympatholytic agents inhibit the absorption of sulfonamides from the small intestinal tract. Comparison of the inhibitic efficiency of parasympatholytic agents is as follows: oxazepam, oxyphencyclimine hydrochloride, probantheline bromide, atropine sulfate (The examples are from the weakest to the strongest). Decrement of the absorption rate of sulfonamides is as follows: sulfadiazine, sulfathiazole, sulfamethoxypyridazine, sulfadimethoxine, sulfamerazine, sulfamethazine (The example are from the strongest to the weakest). Additionally, it is assumed that if the combined drugs were absorbed from the small intestine in the original form, those inhibitic effects should be best regarding to their sulfonamide per parasympatholytic agent combined rate "25:1" than to their any other rates.her rates.