• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.9 no.1_2
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• pp.8-13
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• 1965

The sensitivity on microorganisms of ten sulfa-drugs and their Cu-complexes was observed. Ericsson's disc method and modified tube dilution method were applied. Dimethylformamide was used for solvent of sulfa drugs. In general, original sulfa-drugs showed more sensitive patterns than its Cu-complexes except sulfadimethoxine-Cu complex which showed more sensitive patterns than its original drug with disc method.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.249-254
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• 1974

Eighteen 2-aryl-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl) acrylamides were synthesized as antimicrobial agent, by the condensation of 2-(p-sulbstituted phenyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl) acryloyl chloride with amino component, such as sulfisozxazole, sulfamethoxypyridazine and sulfadimethoxine. All compounds showed fair bacteriostatic activity against staphylococcus aureus 6538p, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. 2-(p-Hydroxyphenyl)-and 2-(p-acetoxyphenyl) compounds also showed antimicrobial activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae 396 and Aspergillus oryzae.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.55-63
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• 1993

A simultaneous determination method by HPLC for egg-residues sulfamerazine, sulfamethazine, sulfadimethoxine, furazolidone and zoalene was assesed. The drugs were extracted by dechloromethane, The extract after solvent evaporation, is partitioning in hex ane/water and back-partitioning in dechloromethane and analysis by HPLC. The average recovery rates of the above microbials from the egg spiked standard solution were approximately 81.2%, 87.6%, 92.5%. 86.1% and 79.3% respectively. The limit of detection of sulfamerazine. sulfamethazine and sulfamethoxine were in the levels of 0.2ppb, furazolidone and zoalene 0.5ppb respectively. According to this method 84 commercial eggs were examined. Sulfamethanzine was detected at levels of 0.005-0.008ppm in 3 eggs. Sulfadimethoxine was detected at levels of 0.012-0.019ppm in 4 eggs. No sulfamerazine, furazolidone and zoalene was detected in every samples. The residues of antimicrobial agent were safety level as food generally.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Health Society Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.169-174
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• 2005

의약품은 일반적으로 치료를 목적으로 제조되었기 때문에 독특한 약리학적 작용을 띤다. 의약품잔류물이 환경 중으로 배출되어 비표적 생물(non-target organism)에 노출될 경우 의도하지 않은 독성영향이 나타날 가능성이 있다. 본 연구에서는 우리나라에서 널리 사용되는 10개의 의약품(4종의 일반 의약품 acetaminophen, carbamazepine, diltiazem, cimetidine과 6종의 설파계 항생제 sulfamethoxazole, sulfamethazine, trimethoprim, sulfachloropyridazine, sulfadimethoxine)을 대상으로 환경중 예상잔류농도와 생태 무영향농도를 예측하여 대상의약품의 생태위해성을 평가하였다. 연구대상 의약품의 예측환경농도는 0.14 ${\sim}$ 16.5 ppb이었으며, 예측환경농도와 예측무영향농도비(PEC/PNEC ratio)를 산출한 결과 acetaminophen과 suifamethoxazole이 각각 1.8과 6.3으로 나타나 이 의약품들이 물생태계에 미치는 위해성에 대한 정밀한 추가연구의 필요성이 제시되었다.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.134-143
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• 1992

The present study was conducted to investigate the biochemical characteristics and anti-biotic resistance of Escherichia coli(E. coli) isolated from piglets with diarrhea in Kyongbuk province during the Period from February to November 1991. 368 E. coli strains were isolated from 382 piglets with diarrhea and the biochemical and cultural reaction were compared with the classification criteria of Edwards and Ewing. Tetracycline and sulfadimethoxine were found to be highly ineffective at in vitro inhibition of the E. coli of piglets origin. The majority of E. coli were susceptible to amikacin, chloramphenicol and gentamicine. 89 (89.0%) of 100 strains of E. coil were resistant to one or more drugs. The organisms resistant to 20 or 3 drugs were 54(60.6%) of 89 strains, whereas 16(17.9%) strains were found to be resistant to one drug. 55(61.8%) out of 89 drug resistance strains carried R factors($R^+$) which were transfer-able to the recipients by conjugation.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.1183-1186
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• 2007

A shake-flask method was used to determine the n-octanol/water partition coefficients of sulfamethazine, sulfadimethoxine, sulfamethoxydiazine, sulfamonomethoxine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfaquinoxaline and sulfachloropyrazine from (298.15 to 333.15) K. The results showed that the n-octanol/water partition coefficient of each sulfonamide decreased with the increase of temperature. Based on the fluid phase equilibrium theory, the thermodynamic relationship of n-octanol/water partition coefficient depending on the temperature is proposed, and the changes of enthalpy, entropy, and the Gibbs free energy function for sulfonamides partitioning in n-octanol/ water are determined, respectively. Sulfonamides molecules partitioning in n-octanol/water is mainly an enthalpy driving process, during which the order degrees of system increased. The temperature effect coefficient of n-octanol/water partition coefficient is discussed. The results show that its magnitude is the same as that of values in the literature.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.12 no.1_2
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• pp.16-31
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• 1968

Comparative studies were made on some sulfonamides, used individually and combined with parasympatholytic agents as regards (1) the absorption rate through isolated rat small intestine (in vitro), (2) the absorption rate through rat small intestine (in vivo), and (3) the blood concentration of sulfonamides were examined by its oral administration with each combined drug to rabbits, and the following effects were found, parasympatholytic agents inhibit the absorption of sulfonamides from the small intestinal tract. Comparison of the inhibitic efficiency of parasympatholytic agents is as follows: oxazepam, oxyphencyclimine hydrochloride, probantheline bromide, atropine sulfate (The examples are from the weakest to the strongest). Decrement of the absorption rate of sulfonamides is as follows: sulfadiazine, sulfathiazole, sulfamethoxypyridazine, sulfadimethoxine, sulfamerazine, sulfamethazine (The example are from the strongest to the weakest). Additionally, it is assumed that if the combined drugs were absorbed from the small intestine in the original form, those inhibitic effects should be best regarding to their sulfonamide per parasympatholytic agent combined rate "25:1" than to their any other rates.her rates.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.181-189
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• 1994

Sixty-three Salmonella Cultures were isolated from 600 msenteric lymphnodes and 600 rectal contents of apprently healthy pigs slaughtered at abattoris in Hapchun, changnyong, Keochang. The result observed were summaried as follows ; 1. Fifty-nine out of sixty-three cultures were serotyped and Salmonella enteritis(20 cultures) 2. Was found to be the most predominant serotpye. The remainder comprised of 15 serotypes were ; S. typhimuriu, S. derby, S. wagenia, S. infantis, S. thompson, S. tennessee, S. mission, S. anatum, S. give, S. nuwlands, S. newingtion, S. newhaw, S. neumuenstes, S. senftenberg, S. gbana 3. The antibiotic susceptibility of 9 were ; Baytril, Streptomycin, Cephalothin, Ampicillin, Tetracycline, Sulfadimethoxine, Rifampicin, Gentamicin, Kanamycln.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.77-84
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• 1974

In order to study 5-nitro-2-furaldehyde derivatives having more effective antibacterial activity, four new $N^4$-(5-nitro-2-furfurylidene)-$N^1$-substituted sulfanilamides$N^1$-3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxazoyl-$N^4$-5-nitro-2-furfurylidene sulfanilamide, $N^1$-4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidyl-$N^4$-5-isoxazoyl-$N^4$-5-nitro-2-furfurylidene sulfanilamide, $N^1$-6-methoxy-3-pyridazinyl-$N^4$-5-nitro-2-furaldehyde with sulfa drugs such as sulfisoxazole, sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxypyridazine, and sulfadimethoxine. All compounds were tested for antibacterial activity in vitro on the following micro-organisms : Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Proteus vulgaris. Each compound exhibited a fair bacteriostatic activity against each microorganism. Above all, sulfisoxazole derivatives showed higher activity than the others. Each compound was most active against Staphylococcus aureus, whereas least active against proteus vulgaris.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.13-16
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• 1977

In order to know the current status of sensitivity of Corynebacterium renale to some antimicrobial agents of current use, the sensitivity of 37 strains isolated from urine and vaginal cavity of healthy Korean native cattle and dairy cattle was studied by agar plate dilution method, and their sensitivity according to serological types was compared. The antimicrobial agents tested were streptomycin (SM), erythromycin (EM), oxytetracycline (OT), penicillin G (PC), gentamycin (GM), kanamycin (KM), ampicillin (AP), leucomycin (LM), chloramphenicol (CM), colistin (CL), sulfadimethoxine (SDM) and sulfadiazine (SDZ). Most strains were highly sensitive to PC, GM, AP, LM and KM, and moderate to CM and OT, but resistant to SM, EM, CL, SDM and SDZ. Serological type II was more sensitive to EM, SDM and SDZ than type I and II, but more resistant to SM.