• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.21-44
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• 2008

The main purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the family instability on the elderly suicide and to examine the change over time. An analytical model of causal structure was set up with residence, family instability and socioeconomic level as explanation variables for this study. The cause of death statistics and micro-data from the vital statistics for 1995, 2000 and 2005 were used. Family instability was measured through divorce, and the rate of elderly(male and female) suicide as well as the suicide rate of the elderly and those in their 20-50's was used for this analysis to examine the effect of divorce. This study hypothesized about family instability and elderly suicide through a literature review. This paper presents maps of the suicide rate by using GIS, and then ANOVA and regression analysis are carried out to verify a difference in the elderly suicide rate affected by residence and divorce. Divorce rate appears in most areas with a high level centering around metropolises except the central inland area. The rate of elderly suicide which stayed in only specific regions with a high level has increased as time went by, and the graph leveled high in most regions except the southwestern coast. In addition, the elderly suicide rate was increased rapidly in rural areas for the most recent 10 years. This shows the seriousness of problems of the aged in rural areas. Through the periods of economic crisis, a sudden increase in divorce causes family instability, which increase the suicide rate increasing. Divorce affects the elderly suicide rate and the 20-50s' suicide rate in the same way, and the stronger effect goes to the elderly rather than those in their 20-50s'. Regarding elderly suicide, the divorce has a different effect by gender, affecting males more than females. With these facts, we can draw the conclusion that family instability has the most significant effect on elderly males' suicide.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.462-468
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• 2007

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to analyze the changes of the late potential of Signal- averaged electrocardiography (SAECG) and Electrocardiography (ECG) parameters during follow up of those who had taken surgical repair of Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). Methods : Nine patients who had taken surgical repair of TOF since 1985 checked SAECG and standard 12 leads ECG twice in 1999 and 2005 in Kyungpook national university hospital. We evaluated changes of QRS duration, QT interval and JT interval, QRS dispersion, QT dispersion and JT dispersion of standard 12 leads ECG and Filtered QRS (f-QRS), High frequency low amplitude potential (HFLA), Root mean square in terminal 40 ms (RMS) and Mean voltage in terminal 40 ms (MV) of SAECG between in 1999 and 2005. Results : There were significant decrease of JT dispersion ($101.11{\pm}50.11$ vs $71.11{\pm}22.61ms$, P< 0.05) and significant increase of HFLA ($24.67{\pm}13.19$ vs $32.89{\pm}14.21ms$, P<0.05). But there were no significant changes in other parameters. Conclusion : In repaired TOF patients, we evaluated ECG and SAECG to detect possible late complications such as tricuspid regurgitation, right ventricular enlargement, ventricualar arrythmia and sudden death. And there were significant changes of ECG and SAECG in some parameters (JT dispersion, HFLA). But to see the relationships between the changes of these parameters and the long term prognosis, we need to check more patients and longer follow-up.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.40 no.4 s.273
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• pp.288-291
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• 2007

Background: Myxoma makes up close to 50% of adult primary cardiac tumors, and this mainly occurs in the left atrium, and rarely in the right atrium or ventricle. The patients clinically present with symptoms of hemodynamic obstruction, embolization or constitutional changes. Diagnosis is currently established most appropriately with 2-D echocardiography. Surgical resection of myxoma is a safe and effective treatment, Material and Method: We reviewed our clinical experience in the diagnosis and management of 57 cases of cardiac myxoma that were seen over a 20-year period from July 1984 to July 2004. Result: The mean age of the patients was $53.5{\pm}14.0$ years (range: 12 to 76 years). There were 38 (67%) females and 19 (33%) males. The preoperative symptoms included dyspnea on exertion in 27 patients, palpitation in 4, chest pain in 9 and syncopal episode in 4. The diagnosis was made by echocardiography alone in 51, and by combination of echocardiography, CT and angiography in 6. The tumor attachment sites were the interatrial septum in 50, the mital valve annulus in 3 and the left atrial wall in cases, The tumor was excised successfully via biatriotomy in 33 (58%), left atriotomy in 15 (26%), the septal approach via right atriotomy in 3, Inverted T incision in 3 and the extended septal approach in 3. The follow-up time ranged from 1 to 229 months (mean follow-up: $84.0{\pm}71.3$ months). There were no early and late deaths and no recurrence during the follow-up period except for follow-up loss in 5 patients. Conclusion: It's concluded that excision of cardiac myxoma is curative and the long-term survival is excellent. Immediate surgical treatment was indicated because of the high risk of embolization or of sudden cardiac death. Radical tumor excision may prevent recurrences.

• Journal of forensic and investigative science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.5-22
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• 2007

From the numerous social problems generated by the unbalanced social development and the social trend of belittling life overall, we found the causes of suicide getting worse in its seriousness day by day. In reality, the problem has been approached in a collateral level in contrast with other social problems. There have been an active involvement in studying the definition, causes and ways of prevention of suicide theoretically until now. However, different from other social problems, it is almost impossible to treat or fix the problem of suicide. Only ways to treat or fix the problem is when the suicide has ended in failure. Thus, this study intends to examine the suicide rate among the total accidents during the year 2005, perform the analyses on the actual causes according to the relations such as the means of suicide, occupation, age group, educational background, etc. In order to present a solution to the issue of suicide becoming serious each day. Among the total accidents in 2005, the suicide rate came out to be approximately 52.4%. Among the result, 52.4%, male with 69% resulted higher than female with 31%, which appears to be related to the social functions. While men tends to take more active(80%) means of suicide like jumping off, poison, hanging, etc., women tends to take more passive(60%) means of suicide like sleeping pills, slitting wrist, etc. In terms of the cause, pessimism, illness, denial, mental disorder, etc resulted more than 75%, and there were many cases of suicide after exhibiting the signs of depression. Also there were higher suicide rate of the unemployed engaged in direct labor with educational background lower than college level related to the pessimism regarding the family living cost. We were able to determine the recent increase in the suicidal tendency of the educated people higher than the college level and the retired people with depression caused by the sudden change in social status. Overall there are several reasons for suicide, however, in most cases the signs of depression were exhibited until the final suicide, which tells us the serious psychological problem of suicide. Assuming that the current development of suicide will continue in future, the result of this study will guide the corresponding social policies, be utilized in preparing the insurance or management at the national level dealing with the real social problems that are not just a conflict of an individual, but could spread like a fad and become much bigger than the present by the continuous support at the environmental, social and political levels, and be utilized as the basic data to establish the research plan.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.349-354
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• 2004

Stress-susceptible pigs have been known as the porcine stress syndrome (PSS), swine PSS, also known as malignant hyperthermia (MH), is characterized as sudden death and production of poor meat quality such as PSE (pale, soft and exudative) meat after slaughtering. PSS and PSE meat cause major economic losses in the pig industry. A point mutation in the gene coding for the ryanodine receptor (RYR1) in porcine skeletal muscle, also known calcium (Ca$^{2+}$) release channel, has been associated with swine PSS and halothane sensitivity. We used the PCR-RFLP(restriction fragment length polymorphism) and PCR-SSCP (single strand conformation polymorphism) methods to detect the PSS gene mutation (C1843T) in the RYR1 gene and to estimate genotype frequencies of PSS gene in Korean pig breed populations. In PCR-RFLP and SSCP analyses, three genotypes of homozygous normal (N/M), heterozygous carrier (N/n) and homozygous recessive mutant (n/n) were detected using agarose or polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, respectively. The proportions of normal, carrier and PSS pigs were 57.1, 35.7 and 7.1％ for Landrace, 82.5, 15.8 and 1.7％ far L. Yorkshire, 95.2, 4.8 and 0.0％ for Duroc and 72.0, 22.7 and 5.3％ for Crossbreed. Consequently, DNA-based diagnosis for the identification of stress-susceptible pigs of PSS and pigs producing PSE meat is a powerful technique. Especially, PCR-SSCP method may be useful as a rapid, sensitive and inexpensive test for the large-scale screening of PSS genotypes and pigs with PSE meat in the pork industry.y.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1978.06a
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• pp.4.1-4
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• 1978

The foreign bodies in the food and air passages are frequently observed in the field of otolaryngology, and the foreign bodies in the air passages have much significance in clinical practice because they may cause sudden death. A statistical study was done on 95 cases of foreign bodies in the food and air passages who had visited department of otolaryngology, Chung-Ang university from June, 1968 to April, 1978. The results were as follows; 1. The total cases of foreign bodies in the food and air passages was 95; 89 cases (93.7%) were in the food passage and the remaining (6.3%) were in the air passage. The ratio between the food passage and air passage was about 14. 8 to 1.0. 2. In distribution by sex, 64 cases (67.4%) were in male patients and the remaining 31 cases (32.6%) were in female patients. The ratio between male and female was 2.1 to 1.0. 3. The kinds of foreign bodies in the food in the order of their frequency, were coin, gogame stone and pebble. In the air passages, the peanut and bean were most frequently found. 4. In distribution by age, 64 cases (67.4%) of all foreign bodies were found in children under 5 year old, and coin was the most common kind of foreign body. Except for meat, almost all of foreign bodies were found in children under 10 year old. 5. There was chronologically no significant tendency in incidence; the incidence, however, had decreased during recent 2 years. 6. In the location of foreign bodies in the food passage, 70 cases (78.7%) were found at the first esophageal narrowing. Meat was more frequently found at second esophageal narrowing associated with cicatrical stenosis. Almost all of foreign bodies in the air passage was found in bronchi; 3 cases were in the right side of bronchi, and 2 cases were in the left side of bronchi and 1 case was in glottic region. 7. In duration of lodgement, 50 cases (52.6%) visited our hospital within 24 hours, and 3 cases after 30 days. 8. Under topical anesthesia, 83 cases (93.3%) of the foreign bodies in the food passage were removed by esophagoscopy, by 6 cases (6.7%) failed to be removed. All of the foreign bodies of the air passages (6 cases) were removed by bronchoscopy. Among them, 5 cases under 5 years old were removed by inferior bronchoscopy through tracheostomy site.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.71-80
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• 2005

Phytic acid chelates excellently the metallic ions and the positive ions, especially has high affinity with $Fe^{2+}$ and $Ca^{2+}$. Merits of phytic acid can be taked in easily, edibile and harmless to body, so it was investigated that phytic acid can be substituted for EDTA in this study. 1. The Intensificative effect of chelating agent and disinfective osmotic shock of Vibrio vulnificus The number of initial existent fungi measured $1.7{\times}10^6$. The percentages of the survival fungi against the osmotic shock by distillated water were calculated at 1 minute, 3 minute and 5 minute after inoculation. The percentages of the survival fungi in $Mg^{2+}$ were 92.5%, 91.8% and 79.8% at each time, the average percentage was 88%. Also the sudden extinction was observed around 1 minute after inoculation and the survival fungi were not observed from 3 through 5 minute in spite of repeated experimentation. 2. Influence of Vibrio vulnificus on the survival of the mice. The first mouse started to die in 180 minute after inoculation in case that the inoculating number was $2.3{\times}10^7cfu/ml$. All died within 4.5 hour. The average of survival time was 226 minute. The first mouse started to die in 228 minute after inoculation in case that the inoculating number was $0.8{\times}10^6cfu/ml$. All died within 5 hour. The average of survival time was 300 minute and the survival time was 1.3 times high. The tendencies of death in two cases were similar, but the fatal rate were largely dependent on inoculating number.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.599-604
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• 2004

Implantable flexible sensor using polymer/metal multilayer processing technique for telemetrical real-time blood pressure monitoring is presented. The realized sensor is mechanically flexible, which can be less invasively implanted and attached on the outside of blood vessel to monitor the variation of blood pressure. Therefore, unlike conventional detecting methods which install sensor on the inside of vessel, the suggested monitoring method can monitor the relative blood pressure without injuring blood vessel. The major factor of sudden death of adults is a disease of artery like angina pectoris and myocardial infarction. A disease of circulatory system resulted from vessel occlusion by plaque can be preventable and treatable early through continuous blood pressure monitoring. The procedure of suggested new method for monitoring variation of blood pressure is as follows. First, integrated sensor is attached to the outer wall of blood vessel. Second, it detects mechanical contraction and expansion of blood vessel. And then, reader antenna recognizes it using telemetrical method as the relative variation of blood pressure. There are not any active devices in the sensor system; therefore, the transmission of energy and signal depends on the principle of mutual inductance between internal antenna of LC resonator and external antenna of reader. To confirm the feasibility of the sensing mechanism, in vitro experiment using silicone rubber tubing and blood is practiced. First of all, pressure is applied to the silicone tubing which is filled by blood. Then the shift of resonant frequency with the change of applied pressure is measured. The frequency of 2.4 MHz is varied while the applied pressure is changed from 0 to 213.3 kPa. Therefore, the sensitivity of implantable blood pressure is 11.25 kHz/kPa.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.22-32
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• 2013

This study aimed to reveal the establishment process and design concept of KoKwan park built in modern Busan, which is called three major park includes YongDuSan park and TaeJeong Park, by analyzing BusanIlbo published modern period in Busan and 'Busan' published modern Busan prefecture. In KoKwan, there was installed DuMoPo Waegwan. The Japanese residents built the cemetery and memorial stone for Tsunohe Heigo's sudden death in the KoKwan hill, who was an envoy dispatched by Tsusima prefecture, in order to enhance awareness of the old territory DuMoPo Waegwan. In 1916, the Japanese residents repaired ruined the place by rasing funds and donated to Busan prefecture. Busan prefecture went public this place as a park. Meanwhile, In order to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the opening of Busan port, Oike Chusuke's memorial statue was built in private house neiboring KoKwan park. He became the richest person in Busan while engaged in commerce and industry since he come to the Busan the year before the opening of Busan port. He donate garden site includes his statue and 10,000 Won for KoKwan park construction expenses to Busan prefecture Busan prefecture invite Oya Rejo, who was Osaka-Hu's landscape designer, to design the KoKwan park. He visited Busan and survey KoKwan park and other Busan's park and submitted the plan to Busan prefecture. His Plan for KoKwan includes shrine and Oike's statue, arboretum and greenhouses, children's play garden, etc. Oya's design concept of KoKwan park was analyzed as follows: the juxtaposition of the sacred and secular, the succession of present landscape context, the complement of parks content, the tool of nation-state formation. KoKwan park was completed with cost 20,000 won, insufficient budget compared with Oya's estimated amount. However, in this thesis, it was not cleared whether Busan prefecture built the park as it was. In 1945, after the independence, KoKwan Park was destroyed due to build Dong-gu Office, houses. The remained subjects from this study are to clarify the process the destruction of the park.

• Journal of Popular Narrative
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.247-275
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• 2019

We hope that more diverse interests will arise in the novels by Park Gye-hyeong By looking at writers and works in time, we identified the key element of Park Gye-hyeong's novels as 'romantic'. Romantic nature of this time is lyrical, sentimental, spiritual, unrealistic and idealistic. Based on a romantic understanding of the world, the core sanction of the novel is love, focusing on feelings of sadness, and on the aspects of joy, separation, and pain that arise from loving relationships rather than the aspects of joy. Based on the feelings of grief, the novels end with failure, death and betrayal, thus embodying tragic romanticism. Before her marriage, Park Gye-hyeong's novels were love stories that revealed her longing for beautiful love based on sensibility. The idyllic world and longing for nature reveal a romantic world-view. Ultimately, it is a fictional worldview that the author seeks to despair and long for, and to find the sincerity and morality of love in an environment that does not. Park Gye-hyeong, who became a housewife, expressed that she wanted to write a piece that can give readers a sense of nostalgia by embodying "romance at a high level," not "sentimental." In subsequent works, physical relationships are treated as failures of love and spiritual relationships as the fruit of love, revealing the lofty spirituality, idealistic longing and religious nature of love. Park Gye-hyeong confessed her shame about her previous work when she published a new one after more than two decades of writing. And after more than two decades of reflection, her new novel had a new theme of "recovering destroyed humanity." However, the search for "humanity" in the two novels released after the write-off tends to be somewhat hasty at the end of the novel. The question of human nature, sin and forgiveness, is the next best thing to save as a way of life, rather than as a result of the intense inner agony and behavior of the characters within the narrative, and this also shows a sudden shift in religiousness at the end of the novel. Therefore, the romantic meaning of the superficial is superficial.