• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.425-434
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• 2013

Nowadays, the korean peninsula has endured weather changes toward to the subtropical climate. Also demographical structure has changed into multi-cultural society in which many people from subtropical areas have immigrated into Korea. Therefore, consumption and production of subtropical vegetables become important. For the analysis, we choose eight important subtropical crops. EDM (Equilibrium Displacement Model) with many parameters and elasticities is used for the forecast of consumption and required cultivation area. The simulation focuses on the changes of the number of foreign workers and immigrated women in Korea to predict the quantity of consumption and required area in Korea. The results show that we need additional land area about 581~1,065 ha for the cropping subtropical vegetables in Korea. Finally, these required area can be provided by the cities and counties in coast area in Gyeongsangnam-Do, Jeonranam-Do and Jeju-Do. Climate change will be continued in the future. Together with climate change, the change of demographical structure into multi-culture may increase consumption and production of subtropical vegetables. Forecasting of increased consumption and required cultivation area for subtropical vegetables is significant.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.192-196
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• 2006

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.385-389
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• 2006

This study was carried out to determine the effect of raising seedling at Hallasan area of sub-alpine (altitude of 600m above sea level) to improve fruiting.ate of Squash (Cucurbita maxima) in retarding culture. 'Ebis' cultivar was seeded in plug tray of 32 cells and the seedlings were grown for 25 days. They were transplanted on August 26, 2004, following L-stem training method under rain-shielding condition. Seedling height, number of nodes and leaf area were higher in lowland than in sub-alpine area. T/R ratio of seedling in sub-alpine was much lower as compared with that in the lowland. The first fruiting was on the 19th node in sub-alpine area, and on the 26th node in the lowland area(control). The succeeding fruiting nodes were lower by 3 to 5 node than those of control. Fruiting rate of second flower was improved by 17.2% compared with the 1.4% in control. The marketable yield was increased by 27% by raising seedling in sub-alpine area (4,460 kg/10a). This also brought out 20% labour saving effect. The environmental condition for raising seedling in the sub-alpine area of Hallasan was effective for the improvement of Squash (Cucurbita maxima) fruiting rate compared with lowland area.

• Proceedings of The Korean Society of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology Conference
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• 2016.09a
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• pp.161-166
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• 2016

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.57-77
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• 2014

The bivalve molluscan fauna of Ulsan Bay, East Sea coast of Korea, is summarized, based on original and literature data. The fauna consists of 61 species belonging to 20 families. Seven species are identified only to genus level. Two species (Carditellopsis toneana (Yokoyama, 1922), Carditidae and Fulvia hungerfordi (G.B. Sowerby III, 1901), Cardiidae) are new records for the East Sea coast of Korea, and one species (Crenella decussata (Montagu, 1808), Mytilidae) is a new record for Korea. Biogeographically, Ulsan Bay's bivalve fauna is subtropical with a predominance of tropical-subtropical species, 21 species, or 39% of the total species number, subtropical, 14 species, or 26%, and subtropical-boreal (mostly subtropical-lowboreal), 11 species, 21%, totalling 86%. A remarkable feature of the Ulsan Bay fauna is the presence of tropical-subtropical species not found in Yeongil Bay but common in tidal flats and shallow waters of the Yellow Sea and the southern part of Korea. A cold water mass appearing off the southeast coast of Korea near Ulsan in summer seems responsible for the presence of boreal-arctic species in this area.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.6-9
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of lower numbers of sperm $(3{\times}10^9)$ per dose liquid semen and type of semen used in artificial insemination (AI) on sow reproductive performance in subtropical area. Semen was supplied by two commercial AI centers. A total of 671 female pigs from seven farms were inseminated with either $3{\times}10^9$ or $5{\times}10^9$ sperm per dose. Two types of semen were used: heterospermic semen from two boars of the same breed and homospermic semen from a single boar. After insemination, conception rate, farrowing rate, total litter size, and number of dead piglets were recorded. The analysis of variance indicated that there was no significant effect of interactions between pig farm, type of semen, or number of sperm on any of the traits measured. There were significant differences in conception rate, farrowing rate, and total litter size among pig farms (p<0.05). The effect of number of sperm per dose liquid semen ($3{\times}10^9$ or $5{\times}10^9$) was not significant. Sows inseminated with homospermic semen showed significantly higher conception and farrowing rates but significantly lower total litter size (p<0.05). In conclusion, the number of sperm per dose liquid semen for AI could be lowered to $3{\times}10^9 $ without affecting reproductive performance in subtropical areas like Taiwan.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.215-223
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• 2019

Recently, it has become known that Gotjawal terrain is an important area, therefore the study on this area has conducted in the geological, ecological, and cultural aspects. The studies on bryophytes of Gotjawal, however, have not been sufficiently performed. This study presents a survey on the bryophytes of the evergreen broad-leaved forest of Cheongsu-ri at Hangyeong Gotjawal in the southwestern part of Jejudo Island, Korea. A total of 72 taxa belonging to the Bryophyta (18 families 43 genera 55 species) and Marchantiophyta (11 families 13 genera 17 species) were determined and the liverwort index was 23.6%. Predominant life-form was weft. The rates of the bryophytes dominating in mesic to hygric sites were higher than the bryophytes mainly observed in xeric habitats. These values indicate that the forests are widespread and dense in this study area. Upon an investigation of the substrates, the bryophytes on rocks were most diverse. The results appear to stem from the fact that volcanic rock masses of various sizes lay scattered over the study area, offering numerous micro-habitats for bryophyte due to one of the characteristics of Gotjawal. We suggest that more detailed studies should be conducted at the regional scale to establish the bryophyte flora of Gotjawal and the evergreen broad-leaved forests on Jejudo Island.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.524-535
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• 2020

This study was conducted to derive implications for the dissemination and expansion of subtropical crops in farms. To this end, the cultivation trends and main producing areas of promising subtropical crops in Korea were analyzed. Analysis results found that the cultivation area of crops, excluding mango, was stagnating or decreasing. The main producing areas of domestic subtropical crops are located on Jeju Island (mango, dragon fruit), in Gyeongsangnam-do (papaya), and in Jeollanam-do (turmeric). Guava and Yeoju could not define the main producing area. For all crops, the percentage of cultivated area in the top 10 regions was high, but only half of the regions maintained the ranking. These results imply that the introduction and abandonment of subtropical crops are frequent. The dissemination and expansion of subtropical crops are justifiable in terms of responding to climate change in the future and creating new income for farms. Therefore, government support policies and agricultural promotion agencies need to be established.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.99-107
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• 2013

This study surveyed the distribution and characteristics of epiphytes and host trees in Jejudo's warm-temperate evergreen forests area. The gathered data will be used for evaluating ecological changes according to climate change. The study found 46 species of epiphytes in Jejudo; 12 of which were species of pteridophytes and 5 species of orchids, totaling 17 species of epiphytes. The appearance frequency was the greatest with Lepisorus thunbergianus, followed by Lemmaphyllum microphyllum and Lepisorus onoei. The area with the greatest diversity of epiphytes was nutmeg tree forests which have the largest number of 2.89 average species. Lemmaphyllum microphyllum had the greatest percent cover of the epiphytes whose importance was found to be the greatest. The factors involved were the epiphytes' diversity index (0.64), maximum species diversity (1.23), evenness (0.52), and dominance (0.48). The study has noted the distribution characteristics of epiphytes according to altitudes above sea level. The Lemmaphyllum microphyllum can survive at an altitude of 600 m above sea level, Lepisorus thunbergianus at 200 - 1,400m above sea level, Lepisorus onoei. at 400 - 1,000 m, and Gonocormus minutus at an altitude above 800 m. The host trees, consisting of Quercus serrata, Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii, and Carpinus laxiflora, stands at 2-19 m high and 2.5 - 120 cm wide, showing diverse kinds of trees and sizes. Jejudo's warm-temperate evergreen forests have lower epiphyte diversity compared with those of subtropical and tropical areas in Japan and China. Based on the characteristics of the host trees order, epiphytes' distribution associated with the altitude above sea level was typical.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.39-43
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• 2004

This study was conducted to determine the optimum planting distance under rain-shielding condition for improving quality and productivity of squash by staking cultivation. The squashes were grown by 3 planting distances, such as 120${\times}$30, 120${\times}$40 and 120${\times}$50 cm during 3 months under non heat condition. The vine length, fresh weight and leaf area were reduced as planting distance was decreased until main branch was pinching. The first female flowering day and first fruit setting nodes were not different among treatments. The first fruit length and second fruit weight were increased in 120${\times}$50 cm planting distance, but the soluble solid contents were not different among treatments. In 120${\times}$30 cm plant distance, total yield was highest (6,510 kg/10a), but marketable yie이 was lowest. When the planting distance was between 120${\times}$40 cm and 120${\times}$50 cm, the marketable rate was similar (over 98%), but marketable yield was highest in 120${\times}$40 cm planting distance (5,012 kg/10a). The results of this study indicated that the optimum planting distance of staking cultivation in squash seemed to be 120${\times}$40cm.