• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.333-340
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• 2013

Background: The aim of the study was to identify the relationship between 'Health Belief Model Scale for Cervical Cancer and the Pap Smear Test' subscale scores and demographic/gyneco-obstetric characteristics. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 256 women. Data were obtained using the 'Demographic and Gyneco-Obstetric Identification Form' and the 'Health Belief Model Scale for Cervical Cancer and the Pap Smear Test. Results: The percentage of women who had heard about the Pap test was 77.7 whereas only 32.4% had actually undergone the test. Some 45.7% of the women stated that they did not know the reason for having a Pap test. Women who had obtained a Pap smear test had statistically significantly fewer perceived barriers than those who had never had (p<0.05). Scores with regard to the subscales including 'Benefits of Pap Smear Tests and Health Motivation', 'Perceived Seriousness of Cervical Cancer', 'Susceptibility to Cervical Cancer' and 'Cervical Cancer Health Motivation' did not differ with demographic/gyneco-obstetric characteristics such as womens' educational level, whether or not young age at first marriage, whether or not having family history of female cancer, and whether or not having had a Pap test (p>0.05). Conclusions: Increasing knowledge about benefits of Pap smear tests, increasing motivation to obtain Pap Smear Test and increasing perceived seriousness of cervical cancer could promote attendance at cervical cancer screening. Different strategies are needed for behavioural change. Implementation of educational programmes by nurses in a busy environment could result in a major clinical change, based on the findings of this study.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.127-133
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• 2012

Objectives : The aims of this study were to examine agreement between parent and teacher ratings of the Korean version Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ-Kr) for the children's psychopathology and to determine whether it is effective in diagnostics as the Korean version of Childhood Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL). Methods : SDQ-Kr and K-CBCL were completed by parents and teachers of 165 children aged 6-12 years. The clinical diagnosis was made by a child and adolescent psychiatrist who did not have knowledge of the outcome. Spearman's correlations were computed for associations between parents' and teachers' ratings on a subscale level. The Mann-Whitney U test was performed for the influence of child's age and sex on the results. Finally, AUC values were calculated for the diagnostic capacity and the difference between informants was tested using the z test. Results : High correlations were observed between parents' and teachers' SDQ-Kr on every scale. Parents were more sensitive to emotional symptoms of girls, while teachers appeared to be more responsive to externalized symptoms of boys, inattention-hyperactivity of young children, and emotional symptoms of seniors. Parents' SDQ-Kr demonstrated the highest prediction of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Conclusion : Teachers' SDQ-Kr can be used in identification of child psychopathology when parents are absent or when their reliability is considered low.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.161-167
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• 2010

Objectives: In assessing behavioral/emotional problems in school-aged children, the importance of multi-informant reporting has been well documented. However, in clinical settings obtaining multiple informants' opinions has proven difficult. For that reason, we researched the agreement and predictive validity of the Child Problem-Behavior Screening Questionnaire (CPSQ) in order to reveal how accurate parents' assessments reflected teachers'opinions. Methods: We conducted the first screening for second- and third-grade children from 3 elementary schools in Seoul from 2003 to 2007 using the CPSQ. There were 1178 children included in the analysis. We then administered the Korean version of the Child Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL) as a second screening tool and subsequently, the ADHD Diagnostic System (ADS) and the Korean Educational Development Institute version of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (KEDI-WISC) was administered by a psychiatrist. We examined each item on the CPSQ and the subscale's agreement between parent and teacher as well as the predictive validity of the CPSQ in children diagnosed with emotional/behavioral problems. Results: The agreement rates between parents and teachers appeared high for questions 18 (0.433), 1 (0.385), and 2 (0.325). Among the subscales, a relatively high correlation was found for externalizing problems, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and cognitive problems. For all diagnosed children, their parents revealed a higher sensitivity and lower specificity than teachers. Conclusion: From these results, we confirmed that the CPSQ can be useful for sorting out externalizing and cognitive problems. There is a need for further study, however, with a larger sample size.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.439-446
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of empathic ability and campus life stress on the stress coping behaviors among 395 dental hygiene students. The analysis was performed using PASW Statistics ver. 18.0, and the following conclusions were obtained. The empathic concern factor was the highest in the subscale of empathic ability (3.60). The interpersonal relationship stress was 1.65 and the task-related stress was 2.72. The stress coping behaviors were the highest among the sub-domains, with 3.69 for wishful thinking. The differences of stress coping behaviors according to general characteristics were as follows. The lower the age and grade, the higher the problem-focused coping; when they were religious there was a high pursuit of seeking social support. When they were satisfied with their economic level, wishful thinking was high. There was a low negative correlation between empathic concern and interpersonal relationship stress in campus life (p<0.01). There was a positive correlation between personal distress and task-related stress (p<0.001). The relationship between empathic ability and stress coping behaviors was most associated with personal distress and wishful thinking. Among the sub-domains of stress coping behaviors, factors that have a common impact on personal distress and seeking social support are viewpoint acceptance. Factors supporting emotional focus and wishful thinking were task-related stress. Dental hygiene students are not able to completely eliminate the stress that they are actually under. However, as the research results show, it is necessary to use stress coping techniques to cope effectively with individual tendencies and situations, and to improve the ability to sympathize with another individual.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.648-659
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to study what effect providing the patient with preparatory concrete information had on the state anxiety depending on coping styles of patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. State Anxiety scores for 32 patients who had cardiac catheterization were examined after information was provided about the test using an audio tape. The state anxiety of patients who had a high trait anxiety level was compared to that of those who had a low trait anxiety level. The state anxiety of those who had a monitor type were compared to those of patients who had blunter type. The Trait and State Anxiety Scale of Spielberger, Miller's Behavioral Style Scale, and Krantz's Health Opinion Survey and Visual Analog Scale (Ⅰ, Ⅱ) were used. Findings were as follows : 1. Among the demographic characteristics, gender difference of the patients was significantly different for the trait anxiety level. Female patients had higher trait anxiety level than male patients. 2. Analysis of state anxiety scores indicated that the mean score of the state anxiety prior to the test was higher than the mean score of the state anxiety examined after the test. The difference was statistically significant. 3. Among the patients, 14 patients (43. 7%) used monitor type, while 18 patients (56. 3%) used blunter type. The means of preference for information measured on the Krantz' subscale was 2. 45. 4. The study results indicate that the state anxiety level of those who had a low trait anxiety level was lower than that of those who had a high trait anxiety level. 5. State anxiety levels depending upon the kind of coping style which patients used during the test were not significantly different. This study did not identify the influence of preparatory concrete information on the state anxiety depending on coping styles, and there fore a quasi-experimental study using a large sample according to different types of information, and the amount of information, coping styles is recommended.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2018

Objectives: Problem behaviors pose a great obstacle to daily functioning in children with neurodevelopmental deficits and are an important target for treatment. In this study, we translated the Behavior Problems Inventory (BPI)-01 into Korean language and tested its psychometric properties. Methods: We attained the approval of the BPI author and performed standard translation-back translation. Then, professional caregivers examined appropriateness according to cultural and situational contexts in order to make necessary modifications of the Korean version of the BPI. Results: The BPI-01, Korea-Scales of Independent Behavior-Revised (K-SIB-R), and Child Behavior Checklist were completed for 98 autistic spectrum disorder or intellectual development disorder participants (mean age=28.3, standard deviation=7.3, range=10.1-51.7). The inter-rater reliability of the BPI-01 was found to be high (r=0.992-1.000). As for the results for concurrent validity for subscale items of BPI-01 and scales of SIB, correlations between SIB and BPI-01 subscales were statistically significant (r=0.357-0.672). Discussion: The Korean version of the BPI-01 showed good psychometric properties with high reliability and sufficient convergent validity. Further examination of the validity of BPI-01 should be carried out with inclusion of younger aged children and a closer look at less frequently occurring symptoms.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.704-714
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• 2008

Purpose: This study explored the feasibility of a 12 week self-efficacy based exercise intervention for overweight and obese college students. Method: A repeated measure, 4-group randomized controlled design was used. Students were recruited from two universities. in Seoul. Korea using: (1) flyers either on the campus bulletin boards or in campus restrooms: (2) advertisement on campus e-board: and (3) self-referral. Inclusion criteria were: (1) Korean college students aged 18 to 29: (2) BMI >23: (3) viscerally obese: and (4) accessible to a phone and a computer. Participants completed three self-reported questionnaires: socio-demographic questionnaire (at the baseline), Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale (at the baseline and $12^{th}$ week), and Physical Fitness sub-subscale (at the baseline and $12^{th}$ week). Additionally. physiological data (height, weight, blood pressure) were collected at the baseline and $12^{th}$ week. Descriptive statistics and a two-way mixed ANOVA were performed using SPSS12.0. Results: No significant group difference was observed. However. students with increased exercise self-efficacy during the program showed better physical fitness in the $12^{th}$ week. When students' physical fitness was enhanced. the physiological factors were improved. Conclusions: Self-efficacy based exercise intervention may be applicable and acceptable to the college students. It is necessary to conduct a replicated study with a larger sample and an elongated intervention period.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.50-60
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among the health promoting behavior, pain, self-esteem, family support, self-efficacy in patients with chronic arthritis. Method: The data for this study were collected from February 19, 2003 to April 7, 2003. The subjects were 150 chronic arthritis patients who visited University Hospital in D City. The research instruments used in this study were HPLP II, Visual analogue scale, Self-esteem scale, Family support scale, Self-efficacy scale. In data analysis, SPSS PC ver 10.0 program was utilized and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and t-test, ANOVA, Multiple Stepwise Regression and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Result: The average score of the pain, self-esteem, family support, self-efficacy, health promoting behavior was 5.38, 3.37, 4.29, 70.30, 2.68, respectively and the variable with the highest degree of it's subscale was interpersonal support(3.08), whereas the one with the lowest degree was exercise(1.66). There was a positive correlation(r=.327, p=.000) between the self-esteem and health promoting behavior. There was a positive correlation(r=.540, p=.000) between the family support and the self-efficacy and health promoting behavior. Family support, self-efficacy and marital status were significant factors to explain a variance of health promoting behavior in patients with chronic arthritis(51.6%). health promoting behavior. There was a positive correlation(r=.477, p= .000) between Conclusion: The health promoting behavior were positively correlated with self-esteem, family support and self-efficacy. These findings help to understand relationships among self-esteem, family support and self-efficacy in chronic arthritis patients. In addition, family support, self-efficacy and marital status were the mainly influencing factors of health promoting behavior. Among these variables family support was the most significant factor to predict a health promoting behavior. According to the results of this study, family support must be considered as a main factor in the nursing strategy for health promoting behavior of chronic arthritis patients.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.60-68
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• 2014

Background: Pattern identification is a unique diagnostic method of traditional Oriental medicine that has recently been the target of questionnaire-based research. Sasang (four-types) constitutional medicine (SCM) is a practice in traditional Korean medicine that seeks to promote objectivity in diagnostics. This paper attempts to illuminate the relationship between constitutions and the pathogenic factors of pattern identification through questionnaires completed by menopausal women about their symptoms. Methods: From March to October 2012, we examined 291 women from the general population, with ages ranging from 40 to 60 years, applying the Kupperman index, the Menopause-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (MENQOL), pattern identification based on the Diagnosis System of Oriental Medicine (DSOM), and SCM. We then analyzed the relationship between constitutional type and pathogenic factors. Results: No significant differences were found in the scores of either the Kupperman index or MENQOL questionnaire in relation to constitutional type. However, in a statistical analysis correlating the DSOM pathogenic factor scores (PFS) with the scores of the Kupperman index and MENQOL vasomotor subscale, heat showed a significant positive correlation with SoYang type (SY) and TaeEum type (TE), but not SoEum type (SE), while insufficiency of yin and insufficiency of yang, as well as blood deficiency, showed a significant positive correlation with the TE and SE types. Conclusion: The pathogenic factors in the menopausal symptoms of middle-aged women, specifically the prominent menopausal symptom of facial flushing, differed significantly according to constitutional type.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.24-31
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• 2010

Combustion-stability rating of impinging-jet injector is conducted numerically using hot-fire simulation in a subscale chamber with the five-element injector head. A sample F(fuel)-O(dxidizer)-O-F impinging-jet injector is adopted. In this work, instantaneous chemical reaction is adopted for hot-fire simulation based on the assumption that mixing process of fuel and oxidizer streams is controlling. The model chamber was designed based on the methodologies proposed in the previous work regarding geometrical dimensions and operating conditions. The present stability boundaries are in a good agreement with air-injection and hot-fire experimental data. The proposed numerical method can be applied cost-effectively to stability rating of jet injectors when mixing of fuel and oxidizer jets is the dominant process in instability triggering.