• KSBB Journal
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 2010

The mycelial dispersed growth of Cordyceps sinensis was optimized in submerged batch culture at initial pH of 5.0, 150 rpm, and $25^{\circ}C$. The morphological data showed much more dispersed growth of C. sinenesis at initial pH of 5.0. Also, projected area, main hyphal length and number of tips for the mycelial growth of initial pH 5.0 were higher than those of other initial pHs. The industrial medium for mycelial production of C. sinensis was determined to be molasses of 100 g and crushed brewery yeast of 10 g per liter as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. With these culture conditions, the maximum production of mycelia was approximately 30.0 g per liter by batch culture in 5-liter jar fermenter with no controlled pH. This result suggests that large-scale mycelia production of C. sinensis may be possible in submerged batch culture. The hot water extract of mycelia from C. sinensis was mainly composed of 83.0% carbohydrate, 11.8% protein, 1.9% lipid, and 2.4% ash and there were present glucose, mannose, galactose, and arabinose as molar ratio of 8.79 : 2.59 : 1.34 : 1.0 in the carbohydrate, respectively. In the experiment using spleen cell and macrophage, the extract showed potent mitogenic and immuno-stimulating activities and among various components, an important factor that contribute to the immunological activities was turned out to be carbohydrate moiety.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.131-135
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• 2002

The optimum conditions for the production of Lentinus edodes mycelia and it's hypoglycemic effect was studied. Optimum pH and temperature for the production of mycelia in shaken flask culture were 5 and $30^{\circ}C$, respectively, for 24 days cultivation. Culture period for maximum production of mycelia (8.13 g/l) in 5-l jar fermenter cultivation was shortened as much as 6 days compared to shaken flask culture. The mycelial dose of 5 % proved almost equally effective in lowering the plasma glucose, total cholesterol, and triglyceride level as much as 23.0, 20.7, and 27.1%, respectively. The values of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase were also estimated and exhibited a substantial reduction (29.6 and 34.3%, respectively) in activity after the administration of dried mycelia.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.802-810
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• 2013

This work aims at investigating the production of yellow, orange, and red natural colorants in a submerged culture of Penicillium purpurogenum DPUA 1275. For this purpose, different experimental conditions evaluating the effect of incubation time, type and size of inoculum, and different carbon and nitrogen sources were performed. Furthermore, the growth kinetics were obtained in the conditions of $10^8$ spores/ml and 5 mycelia agar discs during 360 h. These experiments showed that 5 mycelia agar discs and 336 h promoted the highest yellow (3.08 $UA_{400nm}$), orange (1.44 $UA_{470nm}$), and red (2.27 $UA_{490nm}$) colorants production. Moreover, sucrose and yeast extract were the most suitable carbon and nitrogen sources for natural colorants production. Thus, the present study shows a new source of natural colorants, which can be used as an alternative to others available in the market after toxicological studies.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.22-27
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• 2001

This study was carried out to get the basic information for the submerged culture and analyze the biochemical components of Naematoloma sublateritium mycelia. The optimal temperature, pH, agitation speed and cultural time for the mycelial growth of Naematoloma sublateritium were $25^{\circ}C$, 5.5, 150rpm and 20 days, respectively. The proximate composition of mycelia was as follows; carbohydrate 55.8% (total sugar 48.7%), crude protein 22.4%, fat 4.1 % and ash 4.7% respectively. Among the free amino acid contents, phenylalanine, alanine and lysine were predominant component. The linoleic acid and palmitic acid were found to be the highest among the free fatty acids. The biopolymer extracts of mycelia was identified to be protein-bounded polysaccharide by color reaction and sepharose CL-4B gel chromatography.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.73-79
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• 2006

This investigation was undertaken to study the effects of oral administration (3 weeks) of Collybia confluens mycelial powder (CCMP) produced by a submerged culture on plasma glucose and other biochemical parameters in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effects were proportionally increased with the increasing concentration of the CCMP for oral administration. The CCMP, at the dose of 400 mg/kg BW, substantially reduced the plasma glucose level by as much as 33.1 % as compared to the STZ-induced diabetic rats group. It also lowered the plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol by 22.9%, 19.9%, and 37.3%, respectively. The levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride in liver were reduced to the extent of by 13.5% and 18.8%, and the activity of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) was decreased by 48.8% and 37.2%, respectively, under the influence of CCMP. The general components of CCMP were found to contain 26.18% carbohydrate, 3.67% crude ash, 4.02% crude fat, 22.55% crude protein, and 43.58% dietary fiber. The amino acid composition of the CCMP was also analyzed in detail.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.21 no.A
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• pp.343-349
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• 2001

This study characterizes the growth of white rot fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporium IFO 31249) and lignin peroxidase(LiP) activity in different submerged culture media. P. chrysosporium was grown in the form of pellet of various sizes from a spore inoculum under shaking liquid culture condition. While the growth of mycelia was higher under the nitrogen-sufficient culture than under the nitrogen-limited culture, ligninase activity was relatively lower. The lignin peroxidase appeared in nitrogen-limited culture and was suppressed by excess nitrogen. High level(40U/l) of lignin peroxidase activity was obtained in the growth medium containing 1.5mM veratryl alcohol, a secondary metabolite of P. chrysosporium. Lignin peroxidase production was not observed under conditions of nitrogen sufficiency or in balanced media, suggesting that control parameters could increase the activity by manipulating the secondary metabolism.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2021

The choice of the culture medium is an important factor for the mass production of mycelia in submerged cultures. The influence of liquid medium on the mycelial dry weight of Paecilomyces tenuipes was investigated in this study. The regression equation is expressed as Y=-1292.94187+17.78612X1+18.92425X2+2.11464X3-0.019375X1X2-0.006276X1X3+0.008177X2X3-0.070169X12-0.292175X22-0.008818X32, where Y represents the value of the mycelial dry weight (g/L), X1 is the particle size of wood sawdust in liquid medium (mesh), X2 is the concentration of the wood sawdust in liquid medium, and X3 is incubation time (h). The medium was optimized using a response surface methodology, and the optimal medium contained 30 g of wood sawdust (140 mesh), 20 g of glucose, and 10 g/L of peptone. Under these conditions, the mycelial dry weight reached 38.1 g/L (actual value). The culture medium containing wood sawdust is simple and easy to use, highly efficient, and eco-friendly, and its effectiveness in large preparations of P. tenuipes mycelia with low material costs has been demonstrated.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Life Science Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.50.2-50.2
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• 2008

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.64-68
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• 2005

This investigation was undertaken to study the effects of oral administration of Inonotus obliquus mycelia produced by a submerged culture on plasma glucose level and other biochemical parameters in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The mycelia, at the dose of 200 mg/kg body weight (BW), substantially reduced the plasma glucose level by as much as 23.1% as compared to the control group. The levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride in plasma were reduced to the extent of 12.6% and 22.6%, respectively. The activities of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) were decreased by 27.6% and 21.9%, respectively, under the influence of I. obliquus mycelia. The general components of I. obliquus mycelia were found to contain 5.55% crude ash, 2.35% crude fat, 28.29% crude protein, 9.53% carbohydrate, and 54.28% dietary fiber.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2007

The mushroom Lentinus lepideus was used to produce mycelial as well as soluble polysaccharides in bioreactor cultures. To determine optimal submerged culture conditions, both growth characteristics and water soluble polysaccharides production were compared among four different types of bioreactor and culture conditions. For the production of mycelial biomass, the following bioreactors were proven to be effective in decreasing order: an external-loop type air-lift bioreactor (ETAB; 7g/l), a balloon type air bubble bioreactor (BTBB; 6.2g/l), a stirrer type bioreactor (STB; 6g/l), and a column type air bubble bioreactor (CTBB; 5g/l). Maxiaml production of water soluble exopolysaccharides (EPS; 0.62g/l) and endopolysaccharides (PPS; 7.7%) could also be obtained from BTBB. The mycelial biomass increased with increase in glucose concentration from 15g/l to 75g/l in the media. In contrast, PPS contents in the cells decreased with increase in glucose concentration in the media, showing the highest PPS content (7%) at 15g/l. Among different medium feeding types, fed-batch culture based on concentration control in media (10g/l) produced higher mycelia than fed-batch culture based on volume control of media (5.8g/l) or batch culture (3.4g/l). EPS production was also higher in fed-batch culture based on medium concentration control than that in other feeding types.