• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.473-478
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• 2022

Background We investigate the effect of involutional blepharoptosis (IB) surgery based on dry eye symptoms by analysis using objective and subjective measures. Methods We recorded various parameters from patients that underwent levator advancement surgery for IB, totaling 125 eyes (total 65 patients, 5 unilateral, 60 bilateral). Subjective assessment comprised a questionnaire on dry eye-related quality of life score (DEQS), a summary score calculated from DEQS, and six-grade evaluation, the patient's own measure of eye comfort. Objective assessment comprised marginal-reflex distance-1 (MRD-1), measurement of tear film breakup time, and superficial keratopathy (SPK) existence by slit lamp microscope. Results Subjective assessments showed that IB patients had improvement of dry eye symptoms and eye comfort when surgery increased MRD-1. On the other hand, objective assessments showed that the presence of SPK is suspected when the postoperative MRD-1 level is 3 mm or higher. Conclusion IB surgery must not only increase MRD-1 value, but also to perform maintenance of the appropriate ocular surface condition. From our parameters, we suggest postoperative MRD-1 value should be maintained at < 3 mm to safe and effective of IB surgery.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2001

Measurements of the initial values lead to an inverse and mathematically unprecisely formulated problem. A precise definition of an inverse problem is possible. It is to state a mathematical model of a physical process with clearly defined initial and exit values for the system behind the process. One can grasp the idea of an inverse problem by considering the tire as a copy of the objects of nature in a room with observations. Interpretation of nature is generally a result of an inverse problem. On one hand, the tire may be represented through the sensory organs and the nervous system as well as the experiences of the developer's existing apparatus of the projection of reality. On the other hand, it may be represented by a physical law or a model that can be confirmed or is to be refuted with the help of suitable measurements. During reconstruction of a measuring signal and the identification of a black box that can be assumed to be linear and causal, the tire becomes a first type Volterra integral equation of the convolution type. But measurements of the initial values are always fuzzy, the errors grow and the system behavior can no longer be forecasted. Thus, we have to deal with a chaotic system. This chaos produces fractals in a natural way. These are self-similar geometric structures. This self-similarity is clearly visible in the design.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.31 no.1 s.160
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• pp.57-67
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to find out the better washing condition, especially on detergent contents to satisfy the consumer's concern on fabric hand using Drum Type Washer. The hand and preference of washed fabrics by various detergent contents were analyzed through subjective evaluation using questionnaire method in dry and wet state. Wine rank's semantic differential scale questions were developed with 27 kinds of adjective pairs and seven rank's scale questions were to evaluate preference of washed fabrics oil holistic touch, washing and rinsing effect and purchase intention of detergent. Group of trained panelists and untrained women panelists of $30{\sim}40$ years old were participated. The factors affecting consumer's taste for the washed fabrics were analyzed by SPSS 12.0. Smoothness showed relatively higher correlation with preference of washed fabrics on holistic touch, washing and rinsing effect and purchase intention of detergent. There were significant differences in preference of washed fabrics on holistic touch, washing and rinsing effect and purchase intention of detergent by detergent contents when tested in wet state. Fabrics washed with detergents of non-zeolite were appeared to be the preferred ones.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.289-296
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• 2005

This study aims to measure maximum holding times(MHTs) of symmetric and asymmetric whole body postures, and to compare three representative observational methods including OWAS, RULA, REBA, based on the MHTs. An experiment was conducted for obtaining the MHTs, in which hand position was used as experimental variable, and the MHT and subjective discomfort rating as dependent variables. The hand position was defined by the percentage of the shoulder height(%SH), the percentage of the arm reach(%AR) and rotation angle(R). The results showed that three independent variables of %SH, %AR and R significantly affected on the MHTs at ${\alpha}$=0.01, and that the MHTs were negatively linearly related to the discomfort scores of Borg CR10. It was also revealed that OWAS and REBA were less sensitive to postural stress than RULA. In addition, OWAS and REBA underestimated postural load of given postures compared to RULA. Therefore, it is recommended that among the three observational methods investigated in this study, RULA be used for a more precise evaluation of postural load.

• 전자공학회논문지 IE
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.51-56
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• 2011

In this paper, a variety of digital image processing technique was applied to improve the quality of medical images which is a chest CR image. And the image quality was performed. On the other hand, the high-frequency emphasis filtering and the histogram equalization were realized by MATLAB programs to better the contrast of the chest CR image. As a result of simulation, the sharpness of the original image was elevated by the high-frequency emphasis filtering and the histogram equalization. To evaluate the degree which is improved the image quality by the digital image processing, the subjective evaluation is used by the observation of the image. The sensitivity which is the probability to find a signal or a lesion is calculated. The sensitivity of the image performed the high-frequency emphasis filtering and the histogram equalization became more improved than that of the original and the digital image processing performed in the medical image improved the quality of the image.

• Korean Linguistics
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• v.81
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• pp.245-265
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to prepare the basis for a more objective evaluation of oral fluency by analyzing Korean native speaker's utterance. Traditionally, fluency evaluation tended to rely on the evaluators' experience and subjective idea. Therefore, there has been a need of setting the evaluation standard in numeric form that is easily measurable. In this study, I will analyze Korean native speaker's utterance in focus of pause. Total number of 875 pauses were extracted from the 21st Century Sejong Korean spoken corpus, and the elements before and after the pauses were annotated. From the analysis results, the pauses were divided between fluent pauses and influent pauses. If the length of fluent pauses do not exceed reasonable length of pause for native Korean speakers, there was no point reduction. On the other hand, if the influent pauses are made more frequently than the native Korean speakers, then it is subject to point reduction.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.317-328
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• 2014

In this study, differences of texture image and preference for men's suit fabrics according to mechanical properties, hand and fabric information were investigated. 55 subjects evaluated texture image and preference of 12 kinds of wool blended fabrics. For statistical analysis, t-test and pearson correlation coefficients were used. The results were as follows: Most of mechanical properties effected on texture images, and bending property and shearing property were effected on tactile preference and purchasing preference. For hand, objective hand values showed correlations with subjective texture images and preferences, but THV had almost no correlations. In sensory images according to presence of fabric information, fabrics were evaluated thinner, lighter, more pliable and smooth by cognition of wool blending ratio. For sensibility images, fabrics were evaluated more refined, intellectual, dignified and less practicable after recognize of wool blending ratio. In preferences, tactile preference was increased and purchasing preference was decreased after recognize fabric information. Therefore, significant differences of texture image and preference were observed according to presence of fabric information.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2004.11c
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• pp.322-324
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• 2004

Up to the present, digital replantation patients has appealed different symptoms due to blood circulatory failure. But, the level of blood circulatory failure has been evaluated only by clinical symptoms, or angiography. According to the cases of digit replantation is increasing, then objective evaluation methods of the level of blood circulation failure is needed other than patient's subjective symptoms and complaints. Although angiography, doppler, electromagnetic flowmeter, laser blood flowmeter, mechanical blood flowmeter has been used for the evaluation of the blood circulatory failure, the result was affected by time, place, surrounding temperature, patient's body temperature, and even emotion. Therefore, it is pointed out with lack of availability, feasibility and reproducibility. Thus, we compared digital blood flow of dominant hand to non dominant hand, and replanted fingers to opposite normal fingers from developed photo-plethysmography. The average digital blood flow showed no difference in normal digits each other, but, replanted digits showed average of 53% (9 - 100 %) compare to opposit normal digits. As it measure relative blood flow for circulatory failure of tissue such as fingers and toes more sensitively, reliably. In conclusion, it is expected that photo- plethysmography will be very useful for diagnosis, curative effect, prognosis of blood circulatory failure in digital replantation patient.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.40-51
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• 2021

There is a growing interest in ethical consumption, and consumers are demanding high levels of CSR for their companies. Transparent provision of corporate information among various areas of CSR is also an important topic in the recent consumption situation. In the global fashion industry, it is also a type of radical corporate transparency and ethical management, led by several advanced startups such as Everlane. As a result, the production process is being disclosed. This study empirically analyzes the influence of this fashion product process transparency on the consumer evaluation of the company. According to a survey of 200 Korean respondents, the transparency of the presented fashion firms had a positive effect on corporate trust and purchase intention. It was confirmed that it has. On the other hand, consumer involvement, which has been discussed as an important personal attribute in the associated consumption environment, has no significant moderating effect. In other words, consumers' subjective corporate ethics involvement did not have a significant influence on their corporate transparency evaluation.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.75-91
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• 2003

Evaluation of repetitiveness for hand-intensive tasks is essential to determine the level of risk for upper-extremity musculoskeletal disorders at the workplace. Many measures and methods have been introduced for repetitiveness assessment: however, our understanding of the differences among these measures and methods is lacking. The present study compared the repetitiveness measures and measurement/analysis methods to help practitioners apply the proper repetitiveness assessment methodology in the workplace. By reviewing 51 studies of repetitiveness assessment, measures and corresponding measurement/analysis methods were surveyed. Of the repetitiveness measures, two types of dimensions (frequency and time) and corresponding types of analysis scopes were identified. According to the dimensional and analysis-scope types. the repetitiveness measures were categorized and then the surveyed studies were counted for each measure. It is identified that frequency measures have used 2.7 times higher than time measures and the frequency of wrist motions has been most frequently used in repetitiveness assessment. Furthermore, the measurement methods were categorized into objective and subjective methods, and the analysis methods into statistical and spectral methods. Lastly, eight factors (accuracy, reliability. sensitivity. efficiency. ease of use. applicability. interference. and robustness) were listed to be considered in selecting the appropriate assessment methodology.